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Pâslaru AC, Călin A, Morozan VP, Stancu M, Tofan L, Panaitescu AM, Zăgrean AM, Zăgrean L, Moldovan M. Burst-Suppression EEG Reactivity to Photic Stimulation-A Translational Biomarker in Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Biomolecules 2024; 14:953. [PMID: 39199341 PMCID: PMC11352952 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The reactivity of an electroencephalogram (EEG) to external stimuli is impaired in comatose patients showing burst-suppression (BS) patterns following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). We explored the reactivity of BS induced by isoflurane in rat models of HIBI and controls using intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) delivered to one eye. The relative time spent in suppression referred to as the suppression ratio (SR) was measured on the contralateral fronto-occipital cortical EEG channel. The BS reactivity (BSR) was defined as the decrease in the SR during IPS from the baseline before stimulation (SRPRE). We found that BSR increased with SRPRE. To standardize by anesthetic depth, we derived the BSR index (BSRi) as BSR divided by SRPRE. We found that the BSRi was decreased at 3 days after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats, which is a model of brain injury after cardiac arrest. The BSRi was also reduced 2 months after experimental perinatal asphyxia in rats, a model of birth asphyxia, which is a frequent neonatal complication in humans. Furthermore, Oxytocin attenuated BSRi impairment, consistent with a neuroprotective effect in this model. Our data suggest that the BSRi is a promising translational marker in HIBI which should be considered in future neuroprotection studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Cătălin Pâslaru
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Alexandru Călin
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE59RS, UK;
| | - Vlad-Petru Morozan
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mihai Stancu
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Division of Neurobiology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Laurențiu Tofan
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Anca Maria Panaitescu
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Filantropia, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Leon Zăgrean
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
| | - Mihai Moldovan
- Division of Physiology—Neuroscience, Department of Functional Sciences, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.-C.P.); (V.-P.M.); (M.S.); (L.T.); (A.M.P.); (A.-M.Z.); (L.Z.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kamrani-Sharif R, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Allahverdikhani M, Motaghinejad M, Emanuele E. Oxytocin as neuro-hormone and neuro-regulator exert neuroprotective properties: A mechanistic graphical review. Neuropeptides 2023; 101:102352. [PMID: 37354708 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2023.102352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegeneration is progressive cell loss in specific neuronal populations, often resulting in clinical consequences with significant medical, societal, and economic implications. Because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, oxytocin has been proposed as a potential neuroprotective and neurobehavioral therapeutic agent, including modulating mood disturbances and cognitive enchantment. METHODS Literature searches were conducted using the following databases Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, and Cochrane from January 2000 to February 2023 for articles dealing with oxytocin neuroprotective properties in preventing or treating neurodegenerative disorders and diseases with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis/cell death. RESULTS The neuroprotective effects of oxytocin appears to be mediated by its anti-inflammatory properties, inhibition of neuro inflammation, activation of several antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of oxidative stress and free radical formation, activation of free radical scavengers, prevent of mitochondrial dysfunction, and inhibition of apoptosis. CONCLUSION Oxytocin acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing neuro-apoptosis, neuro-inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress, and by restoring mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kamrani-Sharif
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health, Tampa, FL, USA; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Allahverdikhani
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chen W, Man X, Zhang Y, Yao G, Chen J. Medial prefrontal cortex oxytocin mitigates epilepsy and cognitive impairments induced by traumatic brain injury through reducing neuroinflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5214. [PMID: 36997619 PMCID: PMC10063625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor to develop epilepsy and cognitive impairments. Neuropeptide oxytocin has been previously evidenced to produce antiepileptic effects. However, the involvement of central oxytocin in TBI-induced epileptic status and cognitive dysfunctions is not fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of oxytocin on a TBI model followed by seizure induction to clarify whether the epilepsy and cognitive deficits could be mitigated by oxytocin. TBI was established by weight drop and epileptic behaviors were induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in mice. Moreover, oxytocin was microinjected into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to observe the effects on the epilepsy and cognition. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and the neuroinflammation were measured by Evans Blue staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Mice exposed to TBI demonstrate increased vulnerability to PTZ-mediated seizures and cognitive disturbances with a decrease in peripheral and brain oxytocin levels. Additionally, TBI reduces oxytocin, disrupts the BBB permeability and triggers neuroinflammation in mPFC in PTZ-treated mice. Intra-mPFC oxytocin simultaneously mitigates epilepsy and cognitive impairments. Finally, oxytocin restores BBB integrity and reduces mPFC inflammation in PTZ-treated TBI mice. These findings showed that intra-mPFC oxytocin suppressed the seizure vulnerability and cognitive deficits in TBI mice. The normalization of BBB integrity and inhibition of neuroinflammation may be involved in the antiepileptic and cognition-improved effects of oxytocin, suggesting that targeting inflammatory procedure in mPFC may decrease the risk to develop epilepsy and cognitive impairments in individuals previously experienced TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Man
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
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Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus Treatment Delays Acute Seizure Occurrence, Reduces Elevated Oxidative Stress, and Reverses PGF2α Burst in the Brain of PTZ-Treated Rats. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1971-1980. [PMID: 36780043 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
It is still an urgent need to find alternative and effective therapies to combat epileptic seizures. Tacrolimus as a potent immunosuppressant and calcineurin inhibitor is emerging as promising drug to suppress seizures. However, there are few reports applying tacrolimus to epilepsy and providing data for its antiseizure properties. In this study, we investigated the antiseizure effects of 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of tacrolimus treatment priorly to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induction of seizures in rats. As an experimental design, we establish two independent rat groups where we observe convulsive seizures following 70 mg/kg PTZ and sub-convulsive seizures detected by electroencephalography (EEG) following 35 mg/kg PTZ. Thereafter, we proceed with biochemical analyses of the brain including assessment of malondialdehyde level as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and detection of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and PGF2α. Tacrolimus pre-treatment dose-dependently resulted in lesser seizure severity according to Racine's scale, delayed start-up latency of the first myoclonic jerk and attenuated the spike percentages detected by EEG in seizure-induced rats. However, only the higher dose of tacrolimus was effective to restore lipid peroxidation. An increase in SOD activity was observed in the PTZ group, mediated by seizure activity per se, however, it was greater in the groups that received treatment with 5 and 10 mg/kg of Tacrolimus. PGF2α bursts following PTZ induction of seizures were reversed by tacrolimus pre-treatment in a dose-dependent manner as well. We report that the well-known immunosuppressant tacrolimus is a promising agent to suppress seizures. Comparative studies are necessary to determine the possible utilization of tacrolimus in clinical cases.
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Bora E, Erdogan M, Karaali R, Cakir A, Erbas O. Nasal Oxytocin’s Anticonvulsant Effects on Pentylenetetrazol- induced Convulsions in Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2023. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2023.178.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Sahin H, Yucel O, Emik S, Senturk GE. Protective Effects of Intranasally Administrated Oxytocin-Loaded Nanoparticles on Pentylenetetrazole-Kindling Epilepsy in Terms of Seizure Severity, Memory, Neurogenesis, and Neuronal Damage. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1923-1937. [PMID: 35713692 PMCID: PMC9264347 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling is an animal model for studying human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which is characterized by alterations of hippocampal neurons and memory. Although the intranasal (IN) administration of oxytocin (OT) has limited efficiency, nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising candidate to deliver OT to the brain. However, there are very limited data on epilepsy research about oxytocin-loaded nanoparticles (NP-OTs). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of IN administration of chronic NP-OTs on the hippocampus of PTZ-induced male epileptic rats in terms of seizure severity, memory, neurogenesis, and neuronal damage. Saline/OT/NP-OTs were administrated to both control (Ctrl) and PTZ groups intranasally. Consequently, saline and PTZ were injected, respectively, 25 times every 48 h. Then, seizure severity (score and latency) was calculated for the PTZ groups. A spatial working memory evaluation test (SWMET) was performed after the last injection. Hippocampus histopathology, neurogenesis, and apoptosis were demonstrated. Serum total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured. We showed that OTs and NP-OTs prevented the kindling development and had positive effects on seizure severity. SWMET-related behaviors were also recovered in the PTZ + NP-OT group. A significant increase of neurogenesis and decrease of apoptosis in the hippocampus of the PTZ + NP-OT group were observed, while OTs and NP-OTs had protective effects against PTZ-induced damage to hippocampal neurons. Our results indicate that the chronic administration of NP-OTs may have positive effects on hippocampal damage via increasing neurogenesis and decreasing apoptosis and seizure severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Sahin
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
| | - Oguz Yucel
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Serkan Emik
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey
| | - Gozde Erkanli Senturk
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey
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7
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Maikoo S, Wilkins A, Qulu L. The effect of oxytocin and an enriched environment on anxiety-like behaviour and corticosterone levels in a prenatally stressed febrile seizure rat model. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:47-56. [PMID: 36590100 PMCID: PMC9795298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Febrile seizures (FS) are a neurological abnormality which occur following a fever that has resulted from a systemic infection and are characterised by convulsions. These convulsions occur due to abnormally increased signalling of interleukin-1 beta, resulting in increased neuronal hyper-excitability. Furthermore, exposure to prenatal stress has been shown to exacerbate seizure duration, elicit anxiety-like behaviour and corticosterone levels. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide with anxiolytic, social bonding, and stress regulation effects. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess whether oxytocin can attenuate the anxiety-like behaviour and increased corticosterone in rat offspring exposed to prenatal stress and FS. Method Sprague Dawley rats were mated. On GND14, prenatal stress was induced on pregnant dams for 1 hr/7 days. On PND 14, rat pups were injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 200 μg/kg, i.p.) followed 2.5 h later by an i.p. injection of kainic acid (KA, 1.75 mg/kg). Oxytocin (1 mg/kg) was induced via different routes (intraperitoneal or intranasal) as well an enriched environment between PND 22-26. The enriched environment included larger cages (1560 cm2) with only 4 pups per cage, compared to those groups not receiving enrichment (646 cm2), as well as cardboard rolls and plastic toys. On PND 27-33 the light/dark box and elevated plus maze were used to assess anxiety-like behaviour. On PND 34 all rats were euthanized using a sharp guillotine, trunk blood and hypothalamic tissue were collected for neurochemical analysis (ELISA kit). Results Our findings confirmed that exposure to both prenatal stress and febrile seizures resulted anxiety-like behaviour and significantly higher plasma corticosterone concentrations compared to their counterparts. Environmental enrichment was significantly effective in attenuating the increased basal corticosterone levels and anxiety-like behaviour seen in the prenatally stressed FS rat. Although direct administration of oxytocin showed higher significance in reducing corticosterone plasma levels when compared to the enriched environment. Furthermore, hypothalamic oxytocin levels were not significant in rat exposed to environmental enrichment while oxytocin treatment showed a significant effect when compared to their counterparts. Conclusion Therefore, oxytocin administration during early postnatal development shows great potential in reversing the effects of prenatal stress and its subsequent exacerbation of FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyal Maikoo
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andria Wilkins
- University of KwaZulu-Natal, College of Health Sciences, Department of Human Physiology, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lihle Qulu
- Stellenbosch University - Tygerberg Campus: Stellenbosch University Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Capetown, South Africa,Corresponding author.
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Janković SM, Đešević M. Advancements in neuroactive peptides in seizures. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:129-143. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2031983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Slobodan M. Janković
- - University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kragujevac, Serbia
- University Clinical Center, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miralem Đešević
- - Private Policlinic Center Eurofarm Sarajevo, Cardiology Department, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Ghazy AA, Soliman OA, Elbahnasi AI, Alawy AY, Mansour AM, Gowayed MA. Role of Oxytocin in Different Neuropsychiatric, Neurodegenerative, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:95-134. [PMID: 36416982 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin has recently gained significant attention because of its role in the pathophysiology and management of dominant neuropsychiatric disorders. Oxytocin, a peptide hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus, is released into different brain regions, acting as a neurotransmitter. Receptors for oxytocin are present in many areas of the brain, including the hypothalamus, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens, which have been involved in the pathophysiology of depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Animal studies have spotlighted the role of oxytocin in social, behavioral, pair bonding, and mother-infant bonding. Furthermore, oxytocin protects fetal neurons against injury during childbirth and affects various behaviors, assuming its possible neuroprotective characteristics. In this review, we discuss some of the concepts and mechanisms related to the role of oxytocin in the pathophysiology and management of some neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Ghazy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Omar A Soliman
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aya I Elbahnasi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Aya Y Alawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Ma Mansour
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mennatallah A Gowayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Valentim-Lima E, de Oliveira JAC, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Reis LC, Garcia-Cairasco N, Mecawi AS. Neuroendocrine changes in the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system in the Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) strain submitted to audiogenic kindling. J Neuroendocrinol 2021; 33:e12975. [PMID: 33942400 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The Wistar audiogenic rat (WAR) strain is used as an animal model of epilepsy, which when submitted to acute acoustic stimulus presents tonic-clonic seizures, mainly dependent on brainstem (mesencephalic) structures. However, when WARs are exposed to chronic acoustic stimuli (audiogenic kindling-AK), they usually present tonic-clonic seizures, followed by limbic seizures, after recruitment of forebrain structures such as the cortex, hippocampus and amygdala. Although some studies have reported that hypothalamic-hypophysis function is also altered in WAR through modulating vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) secretion, the role of these neuropeptides in epilepsy still is controversial. We analyzed the impact of AK and consequent activation of mesencephalic neurocircuits and the recruitment of forebrain limbic (LiR) sites on the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system and expression of Avpr1a and Oxtr in these structures. At the end of the AK protocol, nine out of 18 WARs presented LiR. Increases in both plasma vasopressin and oxytocin levels were observed in WAR when compared to Wistar rats. These results were correlated with an increase in the expressions of heteronuclear (hn) and messenger (m) RNA for Oxt in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in WARs submitted to AK that presented LiR. In the paraventricular nucleus, the hnAvp and mAvp expressions increased in WARs with and without LiR, respectively. There were no significant differences in Avp and Oxt expression in supraoptic nuclei (SON). Also, there was a reduction in the Avpr1a expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala and frontal lobe in the WAR strain. In the inferior colliculus, Avpr1a expression was lower in WARs after AK, especially those without LiR. Our results indicate that both AK and LiR in WARs lead to changes in the hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system and its receptors, providing a new molecular basis to better understaind epilepsy.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation
- Animals
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epilepsy, Reflex/genetics
- Epilepsy, Reflex/metabolism
- Epilepsy, Reflex/pathology
- Epilepsy, Reflex/physiopathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Hippocampus/pathology
- Hippocampus/physiopathology
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/pathology
- Hypothalamus/physiopathology
- Kindling, Neurologic/pathology
- Kindling, Neurologic/physiology
- Male
- Neurosecretory Systems/metabolism
- Neurosecretory Systems/pathology
- Neurosecretory Systems/physiopathology
- Oxytocin/blood
- Oxytocin/genetics
- Oxytocin/metabolism
- Pituitary Gland, Posterior/metabolism
- Pituitary Gland, Posterior/pathology
- Pituitary Gland, Posterior/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Seizures/genetics
- Seizures/metabolism
- Seizures/physiopathology
- Seizures/psychology
- Vasopressins/blood
- Vasopressins/genetics
- Vasopressins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Valentim-Lima
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luis Carlos Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | | | - Andre S Mecawi
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ye X, Shin BC, Baldauf C, Ganguly A, Ghosh S, Devaskar SU. Developing Brain Glucose Transporters, Serotonin, Serotonin Transporter, and Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Response to Early-Life Hypocaloric and Hypercaloric Dietary, and Air Pollutant Exposures. Dev Neurosci 2021; 43:27-42. [PMID: 33774619 DOI: 10.1159/000514709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbed maternal diet and prenatal exposure to air pollution (AP) affect the fetal brain, predisposing to postnatal neurobehavioral disorders. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are key in fueling neurotransmission; deficiency of the neuronal isoform GLUT3 culminates in autism spectrum disorders. Along with the different neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT) and oxytocin (OXT) are critical for the development of neural connectivity. Serotonin transporter (SERT) modulates synaptic 5-HT levels, while the OXT receptor (OXTR) mediates OXT action. We hypothesized that perturbed brain GLUT1/GLUT3 regulated 5-HT-SERT imbalance, which serves as a contributing factor to postnatal neuropsychiatric phenotypes, with OXT/OXTR providing a counterbalance. Employing maternal diet restriction (intrauterine growth restriction [IUGR]), high-fat (HF) dietary modifications, and prenatal exposure to simulated AP, fetal (E19) murine brain 5-HT was assessed by ELISA with SERT and OXTR being localized by immunohistochemistry and measured by quantitative Western blot analysis. IUGR with lower head weights led to a 48% reduction in male and female fetal brain GLUT3 with no change in GLUT1, when compared to age- and sex-matched controls, with no significant change in OXTR. In addition, a ∼50% (p = 0.005) decrease in 5-HT and SERT concentrations was displayed in fetal IUGR brains. In contrast, despite emergence of microcephaly, exposure to a maternal HF diet or AP caused no significant changes. We conclude that in the IUGR during fetal brain development, reduced GLUT3 is associated with an imbalanced 5-HT-SERT axis. We speculate that these early changes may set the stage for altering the 5HT-SERT neural axis with postnatal emergence of associated neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bo-Chul Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claire Baldauf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amit Ganguly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology & Developmental Biology and the Neonatal Research Center of the UCLA Children's Discovery & Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wong JC, Shapiro L, Thelin JT, Heaton EC, Zaman RU, D'Souza MJ, Murnane KS, Escayg A. Nanoparticle encapsulated oxytocin increases resistance to induced seizures and restores social behavior in Scn1a-derived epilepsy. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 147:105147. [PMID: 33189882 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) has broad effects in the brain and plays an important role in cognitive, social, and neuroendocrine function. OT has also been identified as potentially therapeutic in neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and depression, which are often comorbid with epilepsy, raising the possibility that it might confer protection against the behavioral and seizure phenotypes in epilepsy. Dravet syndrome (DS) is an early-life encephalopathy associated with prolonged and recurrent early-life febrile seizures (FSs), treatment-resistant afebrile epilepsy, and cognitive and behavioral deficits. De novo loss-of-function mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel SCN1A are the main cause of DS, while genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+), also characterized by early-life FSs and afebrile epilepsy, is typically caused by inherited mutations that alter the biophysical properties of SCN1A. Despite the wide range of available antiepileptic drugs, many patients with SCN1A mutations do not achieve adequate seizure control or the amelioration of associated behavioral comorbidities. In the current study, we demonstrate that nanoparticle encapsulation of OT conferred robust and sustained protection against induced seizures and restored more normal social behavior in a mouse model of Scn1a-derived epilepsy. These results demonstrate the ability of a nanotechnology formulation to significantly enhance the efficacy of OT. This approach will provide a general strategy to enhance the therapeutic potential of additional neuropeptides in epilepsy and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Wong
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Lindsey Shapiro
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn T Thelin
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth C Heaton
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rokon U Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Martin J D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Escayg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
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Beneficial Effects of Ibuprofen on Pentylenetetrazol-induced Convulsion. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2409-2416. [PMID: 32719978 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic. Although some studies have focused on the anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic properties of ibuprofen during febrile convulsions, only one has investigated its antiepileptic effects. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of ibuprofen in rats exposed to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures. In total, 48 rats were randomly divided in two groups: Group A for electroencephalography (EEG) recordings and Group B for behavioral assessment. All EEG recordings and behavioral assessment protocols were performed. In addition, groups were compared in terms of prostaglandin F2 alfa (PGF2α) levels in the brain. We demonstrated the beneficial effects of the administration of ibuprofen in PTZ-induced seizures in rats via the following findings: spike percentages and Racine convulsion scale values were significantly lower and first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) onset times were significantly higher in the ibuprofen-administered groups. Moreover, PGF2α levels in the brain were significantly higher in the saline and PTZ 70 mg/kg group than in the control and PTZ 70 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg ibuprofen groups. Our study is the first to demonstrate the beneficial effects of ibuprofen on seizures through behavioral, EEG, and PGF2α brain assessments. Ibuprofen can be used for epilepsy and febrile seizures safely and without inducing seizures. However, further experimental and clinical studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Tekgul H, Simsek E, Erdoğan MA, Yiğittürk G, Erbaş O, Taşkıran D. The potential effects of anticonvulsant drugs on neuropeptides and neurotrophins in pentylenetetrazol kindled seizures in the rat. Int J Neurosci 2019; 130:193-203. [PMID: 31518546 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1667791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Neuropeptides and neurotrophic factors are thought to be involved in epileptogenesis. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of anticonvulsant drugs on neuropeptides (galanin and neuropeptide Y) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF and NGF) in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled seizures in the rat.Methods: Forty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in the study. The animals were divided into 8 groups of six rats. Group 1 was defined as naïve control, and received no medication. Group 2 (PTZ + saline) was treated with sub-convulsive doses of PTZ (35 mg/kg) and saline i.p. for 14 days. For anticonvulsant treatments, Groups 3-8 were treated with 200 mg/kg levetiracetam (PTZ + LEV), 1 mg/kg midazolam (PTZ + MDZ), 80 mg/kg phenytoin (PTZ + PHT), 80 mg/kg topiramate (PTZ + TPR), 40 mg/kg lamotrigine (PTZ + LMT) and 50 mg/kg sodium valproate (PTZ + SV), respectively. All anticonvulsant drugs were injected 30 min prior to PTZ injection throughout 14 days. Following treatment period, behavioral, biochemical and immunohistochemical studies were performed.Results: PTZ + saline group revealed significantly decreased galanin, NPY, BDNF and NGF levels compared to control. PTZ + MDZ group had significantly increased galanin, BDNF and NGF levels compared to saline group. Also, PTZ + LEV group showed increased BDNF levels. PTZ + saline group revealed significantly lower neuron count and higher GFAP (+) cells in hippocampal CA1-CA3 regions. All anticonvulsants significantly reduced hippocampal astrogliosis whereas only midazolam, levetiracetam, sodium valproate and lamotrigine prevented neuronal loss.Conclusion: Our results suggested that anticonvulsant drugs may reduce the severity of seizures, and exert neuroprotective effects by altering the expression of neuropeptides and neurotrophins in the epileptogenic hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Tekgul
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Erdem Simsek
- Neurology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mumin Alper Erdoğan
- Department of Physiology, Katip Çelebi University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Taşkıran
- Department of Physiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
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Panaitescu A, Isac S, Pavel B, Ilie A, Ceanga M, Totan A, Zagrean L, Peltecu G, Zagrean A. OXYTOCIN REDUCES SEIZURE BURDEN AND HIPPOCAMPAL INJURY IN A RAT MODEL OF PERINATAL ASPHYXIA. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:315-319. [PMID: 31149277 PMCID: PMC6525763 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Foetal asphyxia, a frequent birth complication, detrimentally impacts the immature brain, resulting in neuronal damage, uncontrolled seizure activity and long-term neurological deficits. Oxytocin, a neurohormone mediating important materno-foetal interactions and parturition, has been previously suggested to modulate the immature brain's excitability, playing a neuroprotective role. Our aim was to investigate the effects of exogenous oxytocin administration on seizure burden and acute brain injury in a perinatal model of asphyxia in rats. ANIMALS AND METHODS Asphyxia was modelled by exposing immature rats to a 90-minute episode of low oxygen (9% O2) and high CO2 (20% CO2). Control rats were kept in ambient room-air for the same time interval. In a third group of experiments, oxytocin (0.02 UI/g body weight) was nasally administered 30 minutes before the asphyxia episode. Seizure burden was assessed by the cumulative number of loss of righting reflex (LRR) over a two-hour postexposure period. Acute brain injury was assessed through hippocampal S-100 beta, a biomarker of cellular injury, 24-hours after exposure. RESULTS Asphyxia increased both LRR and hippocampal S-100 beta protein compared to controls, and these effects were significantly reduced by oxytocin administration. CONCLUSION Oxytocin treatment decreased both seizure burden and hippocampal injury, supporting a potential neuroprotective role for oxytocin in perinatal asphyxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Panaitescu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Filantropia Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - S. Isac
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Physiology and Neuroscience, Bucharest, Romania
| | - B. Pavel
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Physiology and Neuroscience, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A.S. Ilie
- University of Oxford - Department of Pharmacology, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - M. Ceanga
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Physiology and Neuroscience, Bucharest, Romania
- Jena University Hospital - “Hans Berger” Department of Neurology, Jena, Germany
| | - A. Totan
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Biochemistry, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L. Zagrean
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Physiology and Neuroscience, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G. Peltecu
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Filantropia Hospital, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A.M. Zagrean
- “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Physiology and Neuroscience, Bucharest, Romania
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KOÇYİĞİT ÜM. Sıçanların Kalp Dokusunda Oksitosin’in Karbonik Anhidraz ve Asetilkolinesteraz Enzimleri Üzerine İnhibisyon Etkisinin Araştırılması. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21597/jist.407875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Kocyigit UM, Taşkıran AŞ, Taslimi P, Yokuş A, Temel Y, Gulçin İ. Inhibitory effects of oxytocin and oxytocin receptor antagonist atosiban on the activities of carbonic anhydrase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes in the liver and kidney tissues of rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [PMID: 29116677 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxytocin (OT), atosiban, which is an OT receptor antagonist, and OT-atosiban chemicals injected to rats on the activities of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes in liver and kidney tissues of rats. For this purpose, four different groups, each consisting of six rats (n = 6), were formed (control group, OT administered group, atosiban administered group, and both OT and atosiban administered group). The rats were necropsied 60 min after intraperitoneal injection of chemicals into the rats. Liver tissues of rats were extracted. CA and AChE enzyme activities were measured for each tissue by using hydratase, esterase, and acetylcholiniodide methods. Activity values for each enzyme obtained were statistically calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umit M Kocyigit
- Vocational School of Health Services, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şevki Taşkıran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240-Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yokuş
- Vocational School of Yıldızeli, Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Temel
- Vocational School of Solhan, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, 25240-Erzurum, Turkey
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Garcia-Cairasco N, Umeoka EHL, Cortes de Oliveira JA. The Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain and its contributions to epileptology and related comorbidities: History and perspectives. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 71:250-273. [PMID: 28506440 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the context of modeling epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities, we review the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR), first introduced to the neuroscience international community more than 25years ago. The WAR strain is a genetically selected reflex model susceptible to audiogenic seizures (AS), acutely mimicking brainstem-dependent tonic-clonic seizures and chronically (by audiogenic kindling), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Seminal neuroethological, electrophysiological, cellular, and molecular protocols support the WAR strain as a suitable and reliable animal model to study the complexity and emergent functions typical of epileptogenic networks. Furthermore, since epilepsy comorbidities have emerged as a hot topic in epilepsy research, we discuss the use of WARs in fields such as neuropsychiatry, memory and learning, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and cardio-respiratory autonomic regulation. Last, but not least, we propose that this strain be used in "omics" studies, as well as with the most advanced molecular and computational modeling techniques. Collectively, pioneering and recent findings reinforce the complexity associated with WAR alterations, consequent to the combination of their genetically-dependent background and seizure profile. To add to previous studies, we are currently developing more powerful behavioral, EEG, and molecular methods, combined with computational neuroscience/network modeling tools, to further increase the WAR strain's contributions to contemporary neuroscience in addition to increasing knowledge in a wide array of neuropsychiatric and other comorbidities, given shared neural networks. During the many years that the WAR strain has been studied, a constantly expanding network of multidisciplinary collaborators has generated a growing research and knowledge network. Our current and major wish is to make the WARs available internationally to share our knowledge and to facilitate the planning and execution of multi-institutional projects, eagerly needed to contribute to paradigm shifts in epileptology. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Genetic and Reflex Epilepsies, Audiogenic Seizures and Strains: From Experimental Models to the Clinic".
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Garcia-Cairasco
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo H L Umeoka
- Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Oxytocin is involved in the proconvulsant effects of Sildenafil: Possible role of CREB. Toxicol Lett 2016; 256:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Uyanıkgil Y, Solmaz V, Çavuşoğlu T, Çınar BP, Çetin EÖ, Sur HY, Erbaş O. Inhibitor effect of paricalcitol in rat model of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1117-22. [PMID: 27438482 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has various systemic effects on bone metabolism, modulation of the immune system, stabilization of the cell membrane, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and various other hormones. Differing from active vitamin D, paricalcitol is a relatively safe VDR agonist due to its relatively few side effects. This study has investigated the anticonvulsant effect of paricalcitol in convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups: 18 for EEG recording (PTZ 35 mg/kg) and 18 for behavioral studies (PTZ 70 mg/kg). Forty-five minutes before the PTZ injection, both groups of rats were given 5 and 10 μg/kg of paricalcitol i.p., respectively. Racine convulsion scores, first myoclonic jerk time, spike percentages, and antioxidant status were evaluated in the groups. Our results showed that the Racine's Convulsion Scale (RCS) score significantly dropped in the paricalcitol-treated group, analysis of the first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) latencies demonstrated a significantly longer latency in the paricalcitol-applied group, and spike percentages at EEG recordings significantly decreased with paricalcitol. Moreover, MDA levels were lower and SOD activity were higher in the 5 μg/kg paricalcitol group compared to the saline group; these results were more prominent in 10 μg/kg paricalcitol group. Our study has demonstrated that paricalcitol has protective effects on PTZ-induced convulsions. Based on the SOD and MDA levels in our study, these effects may result from the antioxidant characteristics of paricalcitol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiğit Uyanıkgil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. .,Cord Blood, Cell-Tissue Application and Research Center, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Department of Neurology, Trakya University Medical Faculty, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Türker Çavuşoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.,Cord Blood, Cell-Tissue Application and Research Center, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bilge Piri Çınar
- Department of Neurology, Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emel Öykü Çetin
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Halil Yılmaz Sur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pathophysiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbaş
- Department of Physiology, Bilim University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Erbaş O, Solmaz V, Aksoy D. Inhibitor effect of dexketoprofen in rat model of pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Neurol Res 2016; 37:1096-101. [DOI: 10.1179/1743132814y.0000000391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oytun Erbaş
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, School of Medicine, Physiology Department, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, School of Medicine, Neurology Department, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Dürdane Aksoy
- Gaziosmanpaşa University, School of Medicine, Neurology Department, Tokat, Turkey
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Yoshimura M, Ohkubo JI, Hashimoto H, Matsuura T, Maruyama T, Onaka T, Suzuki H, Ueta Y. Effects of a subconvulsive dose of kainic acid on the gene expressions of the arginine vasopressin, oxytocin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the rat hypothalamus. Neurosci Res 2015; 99:62-8. [PMID: 26003742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) is up-regulated by kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure in rats. However, it remains unknown whether a subconvulsive dose of KA affects the HNS. Here we examined the effects of subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of a low dose of KA (4 mg/kg) on the gene expressions of the AVP, oxytocin (OXT) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the rat hypothalamus, using in situ hybridization histochemistry. The expression of the AVP gene in the SON and PVN was judged to be up-regulated in KA-treated rats in comparison with saline-treated rats as controls. Next, the expression of the OXT gene was significantly increased in the SON at 6-24h and in the PVN at 6 and 12h after s.c. administration of KA. Finally, the expression of the nNOS gene was significantly increased in the SON and PVN at 3 and 6h after s.c. administration of KA. These results suggest that up-regulation of the gene expressions of the AVP, OXT and nNOS in the rat hypothalamus may be differentially affected by peripheral administration of a subconvulsive dose of KA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Ohkubo
- Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Matsuura
- Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Onaka
- Division of Brain and Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology and School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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Uyanikgil Y, Özkeşkek K, Çavuşoğlu T, Solmaz V, Tümer MK, Erbas O. Positive effects of ceftriaxone on pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsion model in rats. Int J Neurosci 2015; 126:70-5. [DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2014.991821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cevik B, Solmaz V, Aksoy D, Erbas O. Montelukast inhibits pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in rats. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:869-74. [PMID: 25803241 PMCID: PMC4384514 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Montelukast is an antiinflammatory drug with an antioxidant property. In this study, we aimed to reveal whether montelukast has a preventive effect against seizures and post-seizure oxidative stress in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures in rats. Material/Methods Of the 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats used in the study, 24 were assigned to EEG recordings (group A) and 24 were assigned to behavioral studies (group B). In group A, the electrodes were implanted on dura over the left frontal cortex for EEG recording. After 10 days, in group A, i.p. saline, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg montelukast+35 mg/kg PTZ was administered to the rats. EEG was recorded and spike percentage was evaluated. In group B, i.p. saline, 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg montelukast+70 mg/kg PTZ was administered to the rats. Racine’s Convulsion Scale (RCS) and onset times of first myoclonic jerk (FMJ) was used to evaluate the seizures. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were determined in the brain tissue of animals. Results Animals treated with 50 or 100 mg/kg montelukast had significantly lower RCS and significantly increased FMJ onset time compared to the saline-treated animals. Moreover, groups given 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg montelukast had significantly lower MDA and higher SOD levels compared to the saline-treated group. The differences were more pronounced in the 100 mg/kg montelukast-pretreated group (p<0.001). Conclusions Montelukast showed anticonvulsant action and led to amelioration of oxidative stress markers in PTZ-induced seizures in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Cevik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Department of Neurology, Turhal State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Durdane Aksoy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Oxytocin improves follicular reserve in a cisplatin-induced gonadotoxicity model in rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:703691. [PMID: 24959584 PMCID: PMC4053297 DOI: 10.1155/2014/703691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP), an antitumor agent, has been shown to cause ovarian injury and dysfunction in both animal and human studies. The present study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of oxytocin (OT) on CP-induced ovarian toxicity in rats. Twenty-one adult female rats were included in the study. Fourteen rats were administered intraperitoneally CP (2 mg/kg/day) twice a week for 5 weeks. Control group (n = 7) did not receive any treatment. Following treatment, CP-received rats were randomly divided into two groups and treated with either saline (1 mL/kg/day, n = 7) or OT (160 μg/kg/day, n = 7) for 5 weeks. Then, ovarian toxicity and effects of OT were evaluated by histomorphological and biochemical analysis. Our findings revealed a significant reduction in the number of follicles at each grade in saline-treated group. AMH level was significantly lower in saline group compared to control (P < 0.0005). OT treatment significantly attenuated CP toxicity in ovaries and increased AMH levels compared to saline group (P < 0.005). Also, administration of OT lessened lipid peroxidation and prevented glutathione depletion in CP-treated rats (P < 0.05). These results indicated that OT could lessen the CP-induced ovarian damage and improve follicular reserve by preventing oxidative damage.
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The association between seizure predisposition and inflammation in a rat model of fatty liver disease. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1441-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Clynen E, Swijsen A, Raijmakers M, Hoogland G, Rigo JM. Neuropeptides as targets for the development of anticonvulsant drugs. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:626-46. [PMID: 24705860 PMCID: PMC4182642 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures. These seizures are due to abnormal excessive and synchronous neuronal activity in the brain caused by a disruption of the delicate balance between excitation and inhibition. Neuropeptides can contribute to such misbalance by modulating the effect of classical excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters. In this review, we discuss 21 different neuropeptides that have been linked to seizure disorders. These neuropeptides show an aberrant expression and/or release in animal seizure models and/or epilepsy patients. Many of these endogenous peptides, like adrenocorticotropic hormone, angiotensin, cholecystokinin, cortistatin, dynorphin, galanin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, neurotensin, somatostatin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone, are able to suppress seizures in the brain. Other neuropeptides, such as arginine-vasopressine peptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone, enkephalin, β-endorphin, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and tachykinins have proconvulsive properties. For oxytocin and melanin-concentrating hormone both pro- and anticonvulsive effects have been reported, and this seems to be dose or time dependent. All these neuropeptides and their receptors are interesting targets for the development of new antiepileptic drugs. Other neuropeptides such as nesfatin-1 and vasoactive intestinal peptide have been less studied in this field; however, as nesfatin-1 levels change over the course of epilepsy, this can be considered as an interesting marker to diagnose patients who have suffered a recent epileptic seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Clynen
- Biomedical Research Institute BIOMED, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium,
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Aksoy D, Solmaz V, Erbas O. Positive effect of calcitonin on the seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole in rats. Epilepsy Res 2014; 108:390-5. [PMID: 24548550 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
There are many difficulties involved with the treatment of epilepsy, and these problems have driven the search for new agents to control epileptic seizures. Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that has been well studied and shown to have a positive effect on neuropathic and chronic pain. The mechanism by which calcitonin affects these pain syndromes is thought to be similar to the effect of antiepileptic drugs, such as pregabalin, gabapentin and carbamazepine. In this study, we aim to investigate the effects of calcitonin on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in rats. The rats were divided into four groups. The first group was the control group, and the rats were given no medications. The second group was given saline+PTZ. The third group was given 50IU/kg calcitonin+PTZ, and the fourth group was given 100IU/kg calcitonin+PTZ. EEG traces, Racine's convulsion stages and the time of onset of the first myoclonic jerk were compared between the groups. Between the groups, there were significant differences in the Racine's convulsion stages, the onset of the 'first myoclonic jerk', and the rate of the spikes in the EEG traces. The differences were more pronounced in the 100IU/kg calcitonin-treated group (p<0.001). It has been stated that calcitonin relieves pain via regulating voltage-gated Ca(2+) and/or Na(+) channels. Calcitonin has a positive effect on convulsions in epileptic rats, possibly using the same mechanisms as is used in the treatment of neuropathic and chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durdane Aksoy
- Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Tokat, Turkey.
| | - Volkan Solmaz
- Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Oytun Erbas
- Gaziosmanpasa University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Tokat, Turkey
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