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Wu S, Zhao W, Yu Z, Liu J. Antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanism of tripeptide NCW on spontaneously hypertensive rats using metabolomics analysis. Food Funct 2022; 13:1808-1821. [PMID: 35084009 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03924e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tripeptide NCW identified in our previous study displayed a strong ACE inhibitory activity, but whether it has any antihypertensive effect in vivo remains unknown. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of tripeptide NCW in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and to further figure out the serum metabolic profiling variations due to its oral administration via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS-based metabolomics analysis to clarify the underlying hypotensive mechanism. After three weeks of oral administration, the tripeptide NCW-treated group (NCW/SHR group, 80 mg per kg BW per d) showed significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 48.08 ± 3.84 mmHg and 48.92 ± 5.77 mmHg, respectively. Additionally, a total of 25 blood pressure-related metabolites were identified as being significantly changed in SHRs given tripeptide NCW after three weeks. These 25 metabolites might be biomarkers that indicated that the tripeptide NCW exhibits antihypertensive activity via regulating bile acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, purinergic signaling, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, and the citrate cycle. Collectively, tripeptide NCW has a protective effect on SHRs associated with serum metabolite abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China. .,Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China.
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, P.R. China.
| | - Jingbo Liu
- Lab of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, P.R. China
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2
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Jakubczyk A, Karaś M, Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, Zielińska E, Zieliński D. Current Trends of Bioactive Peptides-New Sources and Therapeutic Effect. Foods 2020; 9:E846. [PMID: 32610520 PMCID: PMC7404774 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, bioactive peptides are natural compounds of food or part of protein that are inactive in the precursor molecule. However, they may be active after hydrolysis and can be transported to the active site. Biologically active peptides can also be synthesized chemically and characterized. Peptides have many properties, including antihypertensive, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and chelating effects. They are also responsible for the taste of food or for the inhibition of enzymes involved in the development of diseases. The scientific literature has described many peptides with bioactive properties obtained from different sources. Information about the structure, origin, and properties of peptides can also be found in many databases. This review will describe peptides inhibiting the development of current diseases, peptides with antimicrobial properties, and new alternative sources of peptides based on the current knowledge and documentation of their bioactivity. All these issues are part of modern research on peptides and their use in current health or technological problems in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jakubczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Monika Karaś
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-069 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Zielińska
- Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Damian Zieliński
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
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Tondo AR, Caputo L, Mangiatordi GF, Monaci L, Lentini G, Logrieco AF, Montaruli M, Nicolotti O, Quintieri L. Structure-Based Identification and Design of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-Inhibitory Peptides from Whey Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:541-548. [PMID: 31860295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Besides their nutritional value, whey protein (WP) peptides are food components retaining important pharmacological properties for controlling hypertension. We herein report how the use of complementary experimental and theoretical investigations allowed the identification of novel angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory (ACEI) peptides obtained from a WP hydrolysate and addressed the rational design of even shorter sequences based on molecular pruning. Thus, after bromelain digestion followed by a 5 kDa cutoff ultrafiltration, WP hydrolysate with ACEI activity was fractioned by RP-HPLC; 2 out of 23 collected fractions retained ACEI activity and were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In the face of 128 identified peptides, molecular docking was carried out to prioritize peptides and to rationally guide the design of novel shorter and bioactive sequences. Therefore, 11 peptides, consisting of 3-6 amino acids and with molecular weights in the range from 399 to 674 Da, were rationally designed and then purchased to determine the IC50 value. This approach allowed the identification of two novel peptides: MHI and IAEK with IC50 ACEI values equal to 11.59 and 25.08 μM, respectively. Interestingly, we also confirmed the well-known ACEI IPAVF with an IC50 equal to 9.09 μM. In light of these results, this integrated approach could pave the way for high-throughput screening and identification of new peptides in dairy products. In addition, the herein proposed ACEI peptides could be exploited for novel applications both for food production and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rita Tondo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona, 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Leonardo Caputo
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA) National Council of Research , Via G. Amendola, 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Felice Mangiatordi
- Istituto di Cristallografia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Via G. Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Linda Monaci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA) National Council of Research , Via G. Amendola, 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona, 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Antonio Francesco Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA) National Council of Research , Via G. Amendola, 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Michele Montaruli
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona, 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences , University of Studies of Bari Aldo Moro , Via E. Orabona, 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Laura Quintieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA) National Council of Research , Via G. Amendola, 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
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Bialik M, Kuras M, Sobczak M, Oledzka E. Biodegradable synthetic polyesters in the technology of controlled dosage forms of antihypertensive drugs - the overview. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:953-967. [PMID: 31369295 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1651716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a disease of civilization that requires long-term treatment. Recently, growing interest in natural and synthetic polymers as drug delivery vehicles in controlled release dosage forms for improving the efficacy of treatment has been observed. Areas covered: This review introduces biodegradable synthetic polyesters as macromolecular carriers of antihypertensive drugs. Although various, synthetic and natural polymer-drug conjugates and/or polymeric carriers of anticancer drugs are currently under preclinical and clinical studies, there is no such data for antihypertensive drugs. Therefore, it seems appropriate to use such materials for the treatment of hypertension. Expert opinion: There are currently only a few studies describing the use of synthetic polyesters in the arterial hypertension therapy. In order to the fact that there is a high demand for new, effective antihypertensive dosage forms, further studies for such drug carriers are certainly expected. Synthetic polyester carriers could improve the drug bioavailability and its pharmacokinetic properties by altering the pharmaceutical dosage form. This property is particularly useful for drugs with proven pharmacological action, but with limited application due to their inappropriate pharmacological properties. The development of new polymeric materials and technologies affords the opportunity to produce novel synthetic polyester DDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bialik
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marzena Kuras
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marcin Sobczak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Ewa Oledzka
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Medical University of Warsaw, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory Medicine Division , Warsaw , Poland
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Yang J, Wang H, Tong X, Li Z, Xu J, Zhou L, Zhou B, Qin L. Effect of whey protein on blood pressure in pre- and mildly hypertensive adults: A randomized controlled study. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:1857-1864. [PMID: 31139400 PMCID: PMC6526665 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, the frequency of mild hypertension cases remains prevalently high. Meanwhile, diets containing functional ingredients that control blood pressure have received considerable attention. In this randomized, controlled intervention study, 65 participants were randomly assigned to consume 30 g of whey protein or maltodextrin daily for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, body composition, biochemical analysis in plasma, and flow-mediated dilation (FMD), an index for evaluating endothelial function, were measured. Finally, 54 participants (27 participants in each group) completed the study. At the end of the intervention, the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 129.5 ± 7.7 mmHg in the control group and 128.2 ± 6.9 mmHg in the whey protein group (p = 0.052). In the overweight and obese participants, the SBP was significantly lower in the whey protein group than in the control group (126.5 ± 6.9 mmHg vs. 128.8 ± 7.4 mmHg, p = 0.033), and body fat, fat percentage, and waist circumference significantly decreased in the whey protein group (p = 0.010, 0.016, 0.019, respectively). No difference was observed between the control and whey protein groups with regard to the changes in plasma lipids, inflammatory cytokines, antioxidative indexes, endothelium-1, nitric oxide, angiotensin II, and angiotensin-converting enzyme. The increase in FMD was significantly higher in the whey protein group than in the control group (5.2% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.040). In conclusion, whey protein significantly decreased SBP in pre- and mildly hypertensive adults, who are also overweight and obese. Whey protein also improved endothelial function. The lowering effect of blood pressure was probably related to body fat loss in these participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical NutritionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Hai‐Peng Wang
- Department of CardiovascularThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Zeng‐Ning Li
- Department of Clinical NutritionThe First Hospital of Hebei Medical UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Jia‐Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Clinical NutritionThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Bing‐Yuan Zhou
- Department of CardiovascularThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouChina
| | - Li‐Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public HealthSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina
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Enhanced and Extended Anti-Hypertensive Effect of VP5 Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121977. [PMID: 27898022 PMCID: PMC5187777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension has become a significant global public health concern and is also one of the most common risk factors of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown the promising result of peptides inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in lowering the blood pressure in both animal models and humans. However, the oral bioavailability and continuous antihypertensive effectiveness require further optimization. Novel nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are helpful to overcome these barriers. Therefore, a poly-(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticle (PLGANPs) oral delivery system, of the antihypertensive small peptides Val-Leu-Pro-Val-Pro (VLPVP, VP5) model, was developed in this study and its antihypertensive effect was investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) for the first time. The obtained VP5 nanoparticles (VP5-NPs) showed a small particle size of 223.7 ± 2.3 nm and high entrapment efficiency (EE%) of 87.37% ± 0.92%. Transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and homogeneous. The optimal preparation of VP5-NPs exhibited sustained release of VP5 in vitro and a 96 h long-term antihypertensive effect with enhanced efficacy in vivo. This study illustrated that PLGANPs might be an optimal formulation for oral delivery of antihypertensive small peptides and VP5-NPs might be worthy of further development and use as a potential therapeutic strategy for hypertension in the future.
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Lemes AC, Sala L, Ores JDC, Braga ARC, Egea MB, Fernandes KF. A Review of the Latest Advances in Encrypted Bioactive Peptides from Protein-Rich Waste. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E950. [PMID: 27322241 PMCID: PMC4926483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are considered the new generation of biologically active regulators that not only prevent the mechanism of oxidation and microbial degradation in foods but also enhanced the treatment of various diseases and disorders, thus increasing quality of life. This review article emphasizes recent advances in bioactive peptide technology, such as: (i) new strategies for transforming bioactive peptides from residual waste into added-value products; (ii) nanotechnology for the encapsulation, protection and release of controlled peptides; and (iii) use of techniques of large-scale recovery and purification of peptides aiming at future applications to pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailton Cesar Lemes
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Chemistry and Food School, Rio Grande 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Luisa Sala
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Chemistry and Food School, Rio Grande 96201-900, Brazil.
| | - Joana da Costa Ores
- Federal University of Rio Grande, Chemistry and Food School, Rio Grande 96201-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Mariana Buranelo Egea
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Goiano, Campus Rio Verde, Rio Verde 75901-970, Brazil.
| | - Kátia Flávia Fernandes
- Federal University of Goiás, Institute of Biological Sciences II, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil.
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A Tricholoma matsutake Peptide with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitory and Antioxidative Activities and Antihypertensive Effects in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24130. [PMID: 27052674 PMCID: PMC4823785 DOI: 10.1038/srep24130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. A crude water extract of the fruiting bodies of a highly prized mushroom Tricholoma matsutakei exerted an antihypertensive action on spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at a dosage of 400 mg/kg. An angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide with an IC50 of 0.40 μM was purified from the extract and designated as TMP. Its amino acid sequence was elucidated to be WALKGYK through LC-MS/MS analysis. The Lineweaver-Burk plot suggested that TMP was a non-competitive inhibitor of ACE. A short-term assay of antihypertensive activity demonstrated that TMP at the dosage of 25 mg/kg could significantly lower the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs. TMP exhibited remarkable stability over a wide range of temperatures and pH values. It also demonstrated 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The aforementioned activities of TMP were corroborated by utilizing the synthetic peptide. Hence T. matsutake can be used as a functional food to help prevent hypertension- associated diseases.
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