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Study of mouse behavior in different gravity environments. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2665. [PMID: 33514775 PMCID: PMC7846607 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82013-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many experiments have analyzed the effect of the space environment on various organisms. However, except for the group-rearing of mice in space, there has been little information on the behavior of organisms in response to gravity changes. In this study, we developed a simple Active Inactive Separation (AIS) method to extract activity and inactivity in videos obtained from the habitat cage unit of a space experiment. This method yields an activity ratio as a ratio of ‘activity’ within the whole. Adaptation to different gravitational conditions from 1g to hypergravity (HG) and from microgravity (MG) to artificial 1g (AG) was analyzed based on the amount of activity to calculate the activity ratio and the active interval. The result for the activity ratios for the ground control experiment using AIS were close to previous studies, so the effectiveness of this method was indicated. In the case of changes in gravity from 1g to HG, the ratio was low at the start of centrifugation, recovered sharply in the first week, and entered a stable period in another week. The trend in the AG and HG was the same; adapting to different gravity environments takes time.
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Morita H, Kaji H, Ueta Y, Abe C. Understanding vestibular-related physiological functions could provide clues on adapting to a new gravitational environment. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:17. [PMID: 32169037 PMCID: PMC7069930 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral vestibular organs are sensors for linear acceleration (gravity and head tilt) and rotation. Further, they regulate various body functions, including body stability, ocular movement, autonomic nerve activity, arterial pressure, body temperature, and muscle and bone metabolism. The gravitational environment influences these functions given the highly plastic responsiveness of the vestibular system. This review demonstrates that hypergravity or microgravity induces changes in vestibular-related physiological functions, including arterial pressure, muscle and bone metabolism, feeding behavior, and body temperature. Hopefully, this review contributes to understanding how human beings can adapt to a new gravitational environment, including the moon and Mars, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Morita
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Chikara Abe
- Department of Physiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan
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Ueno H, Miyamoto T, Sanada K, Nakazono K, Tanaka K, Nishimura H, Nishimura K, Sonoda S, Yoshimura M, Maruyama T, Serino R, Otsuji Y, Ueta Y. Changes in gene expressions of hypothalamic neuropeptides controlling feeding behaviors in bilateral nephrectomized rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 711:134426. [PMID: 31401303 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Anorexia is one of the most widespread eating disorders that appears to contribute to malnutrition in patients with advanced kidney dysfunction. The changes of neuropeptides controlling feeding behaviors synthesized in the hypothalamus under several physiological condition could induce anorexia. While several mechanisms underlying uremic anorexia have been proposed, the changes of hypothalamic neuropeptides controlling feeding behaviors of uremic patients are poorly understood. The gene expressions of hypothalamic neuropeptides controlling feeding behaviors were evaluated after bilateral nephrectomy, which is a model of acute kidney dysfunction, by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Food consumption decreased markedly in bilateral nephrectomized rats. The mRNA levels of corticotrophin-releasing hormone, proopiomelanocortin, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, which suppress feeding behavior, were significantly higher in bilateral nephrectomized rats than in sham-operated rats. On the other hand, the mRNA levels of Agouti-related peptide, neuropeptide Y, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin, which promote feeding behavior, were significantly lower in bilateral nephrectomized rats than in sham-operated rats. In addition, the plasma level of leptin, which has an anorexic effect, increased after bilateral nephrectomy. The results suggest that hypothalamic neuropeptides controlling feeding behaviors may be involved in the development of anorexia in bilateral nephrectomized rats. This report is the first step to elucidating the physiological mechanisms of anorexia in patients with kidney dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Ueno
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan; The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsu Miyamoto
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kenya Sanada
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakazono
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Nishimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Satomi Sonoda
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yoshimura
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Maruyama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Serino
- Department of Nephrology, Yoshino Hospital, Kitakyushu 808-0034, Japan
| | - Yutaka Otsuji
- The Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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