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Zhang Q, Ye J, Wang X. Progress in the contrary effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and chemerin on obesity development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2020-2029. [PMID: 38058030 PMCID: PMC10800121 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231214270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by intestinal L-cells, plays a pivotal role in the modulation of β-cell insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, concurrently promoting β-cell survival and β-cell mass. Notably, GLP-1 has emerged as an effective second-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus, gaining further prominence for its pronounced impact on body weight reduction, positioning it as a potent antiobesity agent. However, the mechanism by which GLP-1 improves obesity remains unclear. Some reports suggest that this mechanism may be associated with the regulation of adipokine synthesis within adipose tissue. Chemerin, a multifunctional adipokine and chemokine, has been identified as a pivotal player in adipocyte differentiation and the propagation of systemic inflammation, a hallmark of obesity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms by which GLP-1 and chemerin play crucial roles in obesity and obesity-related diseases. It discusses well-established aspects, such as their effects on food intake and glycolipid metabolism, as well as recent insights, including their influence on macrophage polarization and adipose tissue thermogenesis. GLP-1 has been shown to increase the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, promote brown adipose tissue thermogenesis, and induce the browning of white adipose tissue. In contrast, chemerin exhibits opposite effects in these processes. In addition, recent research findings have demonstrated the promising potential of GLP-1-based therapies in directly or indirectly regulating chemerin expression. In an intriguing reciprocal relationship, chemerin has also been newly identified as a negative regulator of GLP-1 in vivo. This review delineates the intricate interplay between GLP-1 and chemerin, unraveling their mutual inhibitory interactions. To the best of our knowledge, no previous reviews have focused on this specific topic, making this review particularly valuable in expanding our understanding of the endocrine mechanisms of obesity and providing potential strategies for the treatment of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Zhang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450007, China
- Center for Advanced Medicine, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450007, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Michalak A, Kasztelan-Szczerbińska B, Cichoż-Lach H. Impact of Obesity on the Course of Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193983. [PMID: 36235636 PMCID: PMC9573343 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is already well-known that visceral adipose tissue is inseparably related to the pathogenesis, activity, and general outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We are getting closer and closer to the molecular background of this loop, finding certain relationships between activated mesenteric tissue and inflammation within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, relatively new data have been uncovered, indicating a direct impact of body fat on the pattern of pharmacological treatment in the course of IBD. On the other hand, ileal and colonic types of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to be more diversified than it was thought in the past. However, the question arises whether at this stage we are able to translate this knowledge into the practical management of IBD patients or we are still exploring the scientific background of this pathology, having no specific tools to be used directly in patients. Our review explores IBD in the context of obesity and associated disorders, focusing on adipokines, creeping fat, and possible relationships between these disorders and the treatment of IBD patients.
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Serum Levels of Chemerin in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease as an Indicator of Anti-TNF Treatment Efficacy. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194615. [PMID: 34640632 PMCID: PMC8509701 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemerin belongs to the adipokines—proteins secreted by white adipose tissue. It plays an important role in angiogenesis and metabolism and its levels correlate with inflammation severity in many clinical states. Circulating chemerin levels in IBD are only rarely evaluated, with inconsistent results. The possible impact of anti-TNF therapy treatment in IBD on chemerin levels has not been addressed. The study aim was to evaluate the serum levels of chemerin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), depending on disease severity as well as anti-TNF treatment. Serum chemerin was measured with ELISA in 77 patients with IBD as well as in 42 healthy controls (HCs). Twenty-six participants who underwent anti-TNF therapy were re-examined after 14 weeks. Overall, IBD patients had significantly higher serum chemerin levels than HCs. In patients with IBD exacerbation, chemerin levels were significantly higher compared to the remission group. Serum chemerin levels were significantly higher in UC patients compared to CD. Chemerin correlated with the severity of CD, but not with UC. Serum levels of chemerin decreased significantly after 14 weeks of anti-TNF treatment. Chemerin correlated with the clinical severity of IBD, and its levels decreased after anti-TNF treatment, which suggests its relationship with disease activity. It may be assumed that chemerin levels may possibly be useful for anti-TNF clinical course and treatment monitoring.
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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An X, Liu J, Li Y, Dou Z, Li N, Suo Y, Ma Y, Sun M, Tian Z, Xu L. Chemerin/CMKLR1 ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by promoting autophagy and alleviating oxidative stress through the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Peptides 2021; 135:170422. [PMID: 33144092 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a global public health challenge. Overwhelmed oxidative stress and impaired autophagy play an important role in the progression of NASH. Chemerin is an adipokine that has attracted much attention in inflammation and metabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine the effects of chemerin in NASH and its association with oxidative stress and autophagy. In this study, chemerin was found to significantly ameliorate high-fat diet (HFD) induced NASH, marked by decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), decreased insulin resistance (IR) and leptin resistance (LR), and improved liver lesions. Besides, chemerin prevented enhanced oxidative stress in NASH mice by regulating the antioxidant defense system (MDA downregulation and upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD)). Moreover, chemerin contributed to the alleviation of NASH through autophagy activation (p62 downregulation, and upregulation of beclin-1 and LC3). Furthermore, these effects were related to increased phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 stimulated by chemerin, which could be inhibited by the CMKLR1 specific inhibitor α-NETA. In conclusion, excess chemerin highly probably ameliorated NASH by alleviating oxidative stress and promoting autophagy, the mechanism responsible for this process was related, at least in part, to the increased phosphorylation of JAK2-STAT3 stimulated by chemerin/CMKLR1. Rh-chemerin may represent promising therapeutic targets in the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqin An
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jinchun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhangfeng Dou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yuhong Suo
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Meiqing Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhongyuan Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, PR China
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