1
|
Liu T, Wang Y, Qian B, Li P. Potential Metabolic Pathways Involved in Osteoporosis and Evaluation of Fracture Risk in Individuals with Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:6640796. [PMID: 38884020 PMCID: PMC11178402 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6640796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes has a significant global prevalence. Chronic hyperglycemia affects multiple organs and tissues, including bones. A large number of diabetic patients develop osteoporosis; however, the precise relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis remains incompletely elucidated. The activation of the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway hinders the differentiation of osteoblasts and weakens the process of bone formation due to the presence of advanced glycation end products. High glucose environment can induce ferroptosis of osteoblasts and then develop osteoporosis. Hyperglycemia also suppresses the secretion of sex hormones, and the reduction of testosterone is difficult to effectively maintain bone mineral density. As diabetes therapy, thiazolidinediones control blood glucose by activating PPAR-γ. Activated PPAR-γ can promote osteoclast differentiation and regulate osteoblast function, triggering osteoporosis. The effects of metformin and insulin on bone are currently controversial. Currently, there are no appropriate tools available for assessing the risk of fractures in diabetic patients, despite the fact that the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures is considerably greater in diabetic individuals compared to those without diabetes. Further improving the inclusion criteria of FRAX risk factors and clarifying the early occurrence of osteoporosis sites unique to diabetic patients may be an effective way to diagnose and treat diabetic osteoporosis and reduce the risk of fracture occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Emergency DepartmentHonghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Emergency DepartmentHonghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Bing Qian
- Emergency DepartmentHonghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Pan Li
- Emergency DepartmentHonghui HospitalXi'an Jiaotong UniversitySchool of Medicine, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu C, Xiong J, Yi X, Song S, Yang H, Tan W, Yang X, Zheng L, Yu J, Xu C. Decreased plasma ELABELA level as a novel screening indicator for heart failure: a cohort and observational study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11333. [PMID: 38760403 PMCID: PMC11101417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The predictive power of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is limited by its low specificity in patients with heart failure (HF). Discovery of more novel biomarkers for HF better diagnosis is necessary and urgent. ELABELA, an early endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ (Apelin peptide jejunum, Apelin receptor), exhibits cardioprotective actions. However, the relationship between plasma ELABELA and cardiac function in HF patients is unclear. To evaluate plasma ELABELA level and its diagnostic value in HF patients, a total of 335 patients with or without HF were recruited for our monocentric observational study. Plasma ELABELA and Apelin levels were detected by immunoassay in all patients. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between plasma ELABELA or Apelin levels and study variables. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to access the predictive power of plasma ELABELA or Apelin levels. Plasma ELABELA levels were lower, while plasma Apelin levels were higher in HF patients than in non-HF patients. Plasma ELABELA levels were gradually decreased with increasing New York Heart Association grade or decreasing LVEF. Plasma ELABELA levels were negatively correlated with BNP, left atrial diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and positively correlated with LVEF in HF patients. In contrast, the correlation between plasma Apelin levels and these parameters is utterly opposite to ELABELA. The diagnostic value of ELABELA, Apelin, and LVEF for all HF patients was 0.835, 0.673, and 0.612; the sensitivity was 62.52, 66.20, and 32.97%; and the specificity was 95.92, 67.23, and 87.49%, respectively. All these parameters in HF patients with preserved ejection fraction were comparable to those in total HF patients. Overall, plasma ELABELA levels were significantly reduced and negatively correlated with cardiac function in HF patients. Decreased plasma ELABELA levels may function as a novel screening biomarker for HF. A combined assessment of BNP and ELABELA may be a good choice to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis of HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunju Liu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Xiaoli Yi
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Shanshan Song
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Huiru Yang
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Wenting Tan
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Lixiang Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Translational Medicine Centre, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang SJ, Zhang YF, Bai XH, Zhou MQ, Zhang ZY, Zhang SX, Cao ZJ, Wang L, Ding SW, Zheng HJ, Liu YN, Yu GY, Liu WJ. Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis and Experimental Validation to Elucidate the Mechanism of Acteoside in Treating Diabetic Kidney Disease. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1439-1457. [PMID: 38707616 PMCID: PMC11069382 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s445254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acteoside, an active ingredient found in various medicinal herbs, is effective in the treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the intrinsic pharmacological mechanism of action of acteoside in the treatment of DKD remains unclear. This study utilizes a combined approach of network pharmacology and experimental validation to investigate the potential molecular mechanism systematically. Methods First, acteoside potential targets and DKD-associated targets were aggregated from public databases. Subsequently, utilizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, alongside GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, we established target-pathway networks to identify core potential therapeutic targets and pathways. Further, molecular docking facilitated the confirmation of interactions between acteoside and central targets. Finally, the conjectured molecular mechanisms of acteoside against DKD were verified through experimentation on unilateral nephrectomy combined with streptozotocin (STZ) rat model. The underlying downstream mechanisms were further investigated. Results Network pharmacology identified 129 potential intersected targets of acteoside for DKD treatment, including targets such as AKT1, TNF, Casp3, MMP9, SRC, IGF1, EGFR, HRAS, CASP8, and MAPK8. Enrichment analyses indicated the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Metabolic, and Relaxin signaling pathways could be involved in this therapeutic context. Molecular docking revealed high-affinity binding of acteoside to PIK3R1, AKT1, and NF-κB1. In vivo studies validated the therapeutic efficacy of acteoside, demonstrating reduced blood glucose levels, improved serum Scr and BUN levels, decreased 24-hour urinary total protein (P<0.05), alongside mitigated podocyte injury (P<0.05) and ameliorated renal pathological lesions. Furthermore, this finding indicates that acteoside inhibits the expression of pyroptosis markers NLRP3, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 through the modulation of the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Conclusion Acteoside demonstrates renoprotective effects in DKD by regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviating pyroptosis. This study explores the pharmacological mechanism underlying acteoside's efficacy in DKD treatment, providing a foundation for further basic and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Jiao Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Fei Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Hui Bai
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi Zhou
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Yu Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuai Xing Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi Jing Cao
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao Wei Ding
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Ning Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo Yong Yu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education, Beijing Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Renal Research Institution of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan Z, Shi Y, Yang R, Xue J, Fu C. ELABELA-derived peptide ELA13 attenuates kidney fibrosis by inhibiting the Smad and ERK signaling pathways. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:341-353. [PMID: 38584095 PMCID: PMC11009446 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is an inevitable result of various chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) and significantly contributes to end-stage renal failure. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for renal fibrosis. ELA13 (amino acid sequence: RRCMPLHSRVPFP) is a conserved region of ELABELA in all vertebrates; however, its biological activity has been very little studied. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of ELA13 on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-treated NRK-52E cells and unilateral ureteral occlusion (UUO) mice. Our results demonstrated that ELA13 could improve renal function by reducing creatinine and urea nitrogen content in serum, and reduce the expression of fibrosis biomarkers confirmed by Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and western blot. Inflammation biomarkers were increased after UUO and decreased by administration of ELA13. Furthermore, we found that the levels of essential molecules in the mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways were reduced by ELA13 treatment in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, ELA13 protected against kidney fibrosis through inhibiting the Smad and ERK signaling pathways and could thus be a promising candidate for anti-renal fibrosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ying Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Runling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jijun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Research Unit of Peptide Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019RU066, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cao X, Aierken A, Wang J, Guo X, Peng S, Jin Y. Protective Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Active Factor Combined with Alhagi maurorum Extract on Ulcerative Colitis and the Underlying Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3653. [PMID: 38612465 PMCID: PMC11011388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and reoccurring inflammatory bowel disease. The treatment effect of Alhagi maurorum and stem cell extracts on UC remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective role of Alhagi maurorum combined with stem cell extract on the intestinal mucosal barrier in an intestinal inflammation mouse model. Sixty mice were randomly divided into a control group, model group, Alhagi group, MSC group, and MSC/Alhagi group. MSC and Alhagi extract were found to reduce the disease activity index (DAI) scores in mice with colitis, alleviate weight loss, improve intestinal inflammation in mice (p < 0.05), preserve the integrity of the ileal wall and increase the number of goblet cells and mucin in colon tissues. Little inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the Alhagi, MSC, or MSC/Alhagi groups, and the degree of inflammation was significantly alleviated compared with that in the model group. The distribution of PCNA and TNF-alpha in the colonic tissues of the model group was more disperse than that in the normal group (p < 0.05), and the fluorescence intensity was lower. After MSC/Alhagi intervention, PCNA and TNF-alpha were distributed along the cellular membrane in the MSC/Alhagi group (p < 0.05). Compared with that in the normal control group, the intensity was slightly reduced, but it was still stronger than that in the model group. In conclusion, MSC/Alhagi can alleviate inflammatory reactions in mouse colonic tissue, possibly by strengthening the protective effect of the intestinal mucosal barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.C.); (A.A.); (J.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (X.C.); (A.A.); (J.W.); (X.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao F, Zhou Y, Yu B, Xie H, Shi Y, Zhang X, Liu H. QiDiTangShen granules alleviates diabetic nephropathy podocyte injury: A network pharmacology study and experimental validation in vivo and vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23535. [PMID: 38223704 PMCID: PMC10784173 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background QiDiTangShen granules (QDTS), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compound prescription, have remarkable efficacy in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, and their pharmacological mechanism needs further exploration. Methods According to the active ingredients and targets of the QDTS in the TCMSP database, the network pharmacology of QDTS was investigated. The potential active ingredients were chosen based on the oral bioavailability and the drug similarity index. At the same time, targets for DN-related disease were obtained from GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD, and DrugBank. The TCM-component-target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were constructed with the Cytoscape and STRING platforms, respectively, and then the core targets of DN were selected with CytoNCA. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis using R software. Molecular docking to identify the core targets of QDTS for DN. In vivo, db/db mice were treated as DN models, and the urine microalbuminuria, the pathological changes in the kidney and the protein expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, JUN, nephrin and synaptopodin were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence method and Western blotting. After QDTS was used in vitro, the protein expression of mouse podocyte clone-5 (MPC5) cells was detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blot. Results Through network pharmacology analysis, 153 potential targets for DN in QDTS were identified, 19 of which were significant. The KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that QDTS might have therapeutic effects on IL-17, TNF, AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, and EGFR through interfering with Akt1 and JUN. The main active ingredients in QDTS are quercetin, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and kaempferol. Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that QDTS could decrease the urine microalbuminuria and renal pathology of db/db mice, and alleviate podocyte injuries through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Conclusion Through network pharmacology, in vivo and in vitro experiments, QDTS has been shown to improve the urine microalbuminuria and renal pathology in DN, and to reduce podocyte damage via the PI3K/Akt pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Borui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Huidi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Nephrology Institute of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Research, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Health Management Center, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zheng X, Yin L, Song J, Chen J, Gu W, Shi M, Zhang H. ELABELA protects against diabetic kidney disease by activating high glucose-inhibited renal tubular autophagy. J Biomed Res 2023; 37:460-469. [PMID: 38018421 PMCID: PMC10687528 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20220214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
ELABELA (ELA), an endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (also known as apelin peptide jejunum [APJ]), has been shown to decrease in the plasma of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In the current study, we explored the potential function as well as the underlying mechanisms of ELA in DKD. We first found that the ELA levels were decreased in the kidneys of DKD mice. Then, we found that ELA administration mitigated renal damage and downregulated the expression of fibronectin, collagen Ⅳ, and transforming growth factor-β1 in the db/db mice and the high glucose cultured HK-2 cells. Furthermore, the autophagy markers, Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ ratio, were significantly impaired in DKD, but the ELA treatment reversed these alterations. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effects of ELA on the secretion of fibrosis-associated proteins in high glucose conditions were blocked by pretreatment with 3-methyladenine (an autophagy inhibitor). In summary, these in vivo and in vitro results demonstrate that ELA effectively protects against DKD by activating high glucose-inhibited renal tubular autophagy, potentially serving as a novel therapeutic candidate for DKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Lulu Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Wensha Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Monastero R, Magro D, Venezia M, Pisano C, Balistreri CR. A promising therapeutic peptide and preventive/diagnostic biomarker for age-related diseases: The Elabela/Apela/Toddler peptide. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 91:102076. [PMID: 37776977 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Elabela (ELA), Apela or Toddler peptide is a hormone peptide belonging to the adipokine group and a component of apelinergic system, discovered in 2013-2014. Given its high homology with apelin, the first ligand of APJ receptor, ELA likely mediates similar effects. Increasing evidence shows that ELA has a critical function not only in embryonic development, but also in adulthood, contributing to physiological and pathological conditions, such as the onset of age-related diseases (ARD). However, still little is known about the mechanisms and molecular pathways of ELA, as well as its precise functions in ARD pathophysiology. Here, we report the mechanisms by which ELA/APJ signaling acts in a very complex network of pathways for the maintenance of physiological functions of human tissue and organs, as well as in the onset of some ARD, where it appears to play a central role. Therefore, we describe the possibility to use the ELA/APJ pathway, as novel biomarker (predictive and diagnostic) and target for personalized treatments of ARD. Its potentiality as an optimal peptide candidate for therapeutic ARD treatments is largely described, also detailing potential current limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Monastero
- Section of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Magro
- Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marika Venezia
- Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy
| | - Calogera Pisano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tor Vergata University Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Cellular, Molecular and Clinical Pathological Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, 90134, Palermo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu Y, Jiang M, Li Y, Chen P, Chen X. Advances in the study of ELABELA in renal physiological functions and related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1276488. [PMID: 38026926 PMCID: PMC10644379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1276488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ELABELA (ELA), also known as Toddler or Apela, is a novel endogenous ligand of the angiotensin receptor AT1-related receptor protein (APJ). ELA is highly expressed in human embryonic, cardiac, and renal tissues and involves various biological functions, such as embryonic development, blood circulation regulation, and maintaining body fluid homeostasis. ELA is also closely related to the occurrence and development of acute kidney injury, hypertensive kidney damage, diabetic nephropathy, renal tumors, and other diseases. Understanding the physiological role of ELA and its mechanism of action in kidney-related diseases would provide new targets and directions for the clinical treatment of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuRong Liu
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - MingChun Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - XiaoYu Chen
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hong Y, Li J, Zhong Y, Yang S, Pei L, Huang Z, Chen X, Wu H, Zheng G, Zeng C, Wu H, Wang T. Elabela inhibits TRAF1/NF-κB induced oxidative DNA damage to promote diabetic foot ulcer wound healing. iScience 2023; 26:107601. [PMID: 37664606 PMCID: PMC10469767 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a serious complication of diabetes. Elabela (ELA), a ligand of apelin receptor (APJ), was shown to promote angiogenesis and suppress inflammation. This study aimed to illustrate the role of ELA in DFU wound healing. A whole-skin defect model was constructed using db/m and db/db mice to observe the effects of ELA on wound healing. The function of ELA in endothelial cells cultured in high glucose medium was investigated. Administration of ELA in peri-wound area of db/db mice accelerated wound closure and reduced inflammatory infiltration. Indicators of DNA damage, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and tail DNA amounts, were downregulated by ELA but compromised after TRAF1 overexpression. ELA-mediated inhibition of NF-κB phosphorylation improved cell migration and angiogenesis, which were blocked by APJ silencing. The findings imply that ELA suppresses TRAF1-mediated NF-κB signal activation, reducing ROS-related oxidative DNA damage and improving protection of endothelial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Hong
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Yinsheng Zhong
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Shujun Yang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Liying Pei
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Zijie Huang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Xuxiang Chen
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Zheng
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Chaotao Zeng
- Department of Emergency, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Wu
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Emergency, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518003, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng L, Qin R, Rao Z, Xiao W. High-intensity interval training induces renal injury and fibrosis in type 2 diabetic mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121740. [PMID: 37120014 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previous studies showed that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice. However, the effect of HIIT on the kidneys of mice with T2DM has not been examined. This study aimed to investigate the impact of HIIT on the kidneys of T2DM mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2DM mice were induced with a high-fat diet (HFD) and one-time 100 mg/kg streptozotocin intraperitoneal injection, and then T2DM mice were treated with 8 weeks of HIIT. Renal function and glycogen deposition were observed by serum creatinine levels and PAS staining, respectively. Sirius red staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and Oil red O staining were used to detect fibrosis and lipid deposition. Western blotting was performed to detect the protein levels. KEY FINDINGS HIIT significantly ameliorated the body composition, fasting blood glucose, and serum insulin of the T2DM mice. HIIT also improved glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and renal lipid deposition of T2DM mice. However, we found that HIIT increased serum creatinine and glycogen accumulation in the kidneys of T2DM mice. Western blot analysis showed that the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was activated after HIIT. The expression of fibrosis-related proteins (TGF-β1, CTGF, collagen-III, α-SMA) increased, while the expression of klotho (sklotho) and MMP13 decreased in the kidneys of HIIT mice. SIGNIFICANCE This study concluded that HIIT induced renal injury and fibrosis, although it also improved glucose homeostasis in T2DM mice. The current study reminds us that patients with T2DM should be cautious when participating in HIIT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zheng
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ruiting Qin
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhijian Rao
- College of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China; Exercise Biological Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance, Shanghai University of sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhao Y, Song P, Yin S, Fan T, Li F, Ge X, Liu T, Xu W, Xu S, Chen L. Onchidium struma polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycemic activity and modulate the gut microbiota in mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2023; 14:1937-1951. [PMID: 36691957 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Onchidium struma polysaccharides (OsPs) are natural biologically active compounds, and our previous work showed that they can inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase in vitro, showing potential hypoglycemic activity. However, the effects of OsPs on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in vivo remain unknown. Thus, the anti-diabetic activity of OsPs was evaluated in the present study in diabetic mice. The results showed that OsPs can significantly ameliorate the features of T2DM in mice by improving the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and pro-inflammatory factors, and ameliorating insulin resistance. Furthermore, OsPs can significantly improve biochemical indicators, decrease the contents of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), and reduce lipid accumulation in the liver. The possible mechanism of the prevention and treatment of T2DM by OsPs may involve the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT-1) signaling pathway. OsPs can regulate the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and reverse the abundance of Lactobacillus in mice with T2DM. Moreover, OsPs significantly increased the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in mice with T2DM. Our results indicate that OsPs can be used as a novel food supplement for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Peilin Song
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. .,Public Analysis Department, Pharmaceutical Research Institute of Jumpcan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Tianyong Fan
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Fengwei Li
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China.
| | - Tingting Liu
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Yancheng Second People's Hospital, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Su Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Yancheng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, China.
| | - Ligen Chen
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of Marine Wetland, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li YY, Tian ZH, Su SS, Shi JJ, Zhou C, Zhang LH, Zhang FR, Hao YK. Anti-apoptotic effect of HeidihuangWan in renal tubular epithelial cells via PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 302:115882. [PMID: 36341817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Heidihuang Wan (HDHW) is a classic Chinese herbal formula, which was first recorded in the "Suwen Bingji Qiyi Baoming Collection" written by Liu Wansu during the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234 AD). It is commonly used clinically for the treatment of kidney diseases and its curative effect is stable. Previous animal experiments have confirmed that HDHW can effectively improve renal fibrosis. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. AIMS OF THIS STUDY Renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) apoptosis is one of the main pathological features of renal fibrosis. This study aimed to observe the effect and underlying mechanism of HDHW on the apoptosis of RTECs to further explore the pathological mechanism of HDHW against renal fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined the HDHW composition in rat serum. In vitro, we first screened out the optimal intervention concentration of HDHW on RTECs using the MTT assay. Hypoxia/reoxygenation was then used to induce apoptosis of RTECs (H/R-RTECs), which were divided into H/R-RTEC, astragaloside IV (positive control), HDHW, and RTECs groups. After 48 h of drug intervention, apoptosis of RTECs was detected using flow cytometry and protein expression was detected by western blotting. The 5/6 nephrectomy rat model was constructed and divided into the normal control, 5/6 nephrectomy, HDHW, and astragaloside IV groups. After 8 weeks of treatment, TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis, and western blotting was used to detect protein expression. RESULTS HDHW downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase3, up-regulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and reversed the early apoptosis of RTECs, thereby resisting the apoptosis of RTECs. CONCLUSION HDHW inhibits apoptosis of RTECs by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This study provides experimental evidence for the anti-fibrotic effect of HDHW on the kidneys and partially elucidates its pharmacological mechanism of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Li
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zeng-Hui Tian
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan-Shan Su
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jing-Jing Shi
- College of First Clinical Medical, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Weifang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang, China
| | - Fa-Rong Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan-Ke Hao
- Department of Spine Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adiarto S, Prakoso R, Firdaus I, Indriani S, Rudiktyo E, Widyantoro B, Ambari AM, Sukmawan R. A Novel Peptide Elabela is Associated with Hypertension-Related Subclinical Atherosclerosis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:37-44. [PMID: 36449232 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-022-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elabela is a newly identified peptide which, alongside apelin, acts as an endogenous ligand that activates the angiotensin receptor-like 1 receptor. Previous studies have shown the association of elabela with hypertension, but information about the role of elabela in hypertension-related subclinical atherosclerosis is scarce. AIM We aimed to determine the elabela levels in hypertensive patients and explore its association with subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS A total of 104 subjects with hypertension were included in the study. Elabela levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by first extracting the peptide following the manufacturer's instructions. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) using ultrasound. RESULTS Compared to stage 1, elabela levels decreased in stage 2 hypertension (0.23 [0.13, 0.45] ng/ml vs. 0.14 [0.09, 0.23] ng/ml; P = 0.000), and in the group with increased carotid IMT compared to normal IMT (0.24 [0.13, 0.38] ng/ml vs. 0.15 [0.10, 0.23] ng/ml; P = 0.005). Additionally, a linear correlation analysis showed that elabela had a significant negative correlation with systolic blood pressure (r = - 0.340, P = 0.000) and carotid IMT (r = - 0.213; P = 0.030). In multivariate analysis, lower elabela levels were associated with a higher cardiovascular risk group in this study (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.8-13.5, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time that circulating elabela declined in a higher stage of hypertension and hypertensive patients with increased carotid IMT, implicating that elabela may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension-associated subclinical atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suko Adiarto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Radityo Prakoso
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Isman Firdaus
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Suci Indriani
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Estu Rudiktyo
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Widyantoro
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ade Meidian Ambari
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Renan Sukmawan
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Respekta N, Pich K, Dawid M, Mlyczyńska E, Kurowska P, Rak A. The Apelinergic System: Apelin, ELABELA, and APJ Action on Cell Apoptosis: Anti-Apoptotic or Pro-Apoptotic Effect? Cells 2022; 12:cells12010150. [PMID: 36611944 PMCID: PMC9818302 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system comprises two peptide ligands, apelin and ELABELA, and their cognate G-protein-coupled receptor, the apelin receptor APJ. Apelin is a peptide that was isolated from bovine stomach extracts; the distribution of the four main active forms, apelin-36, -17, -13, and pyr-apelin-13 differs between tissues. The mature form of ELABELA-32 can be transformed into forms called ELABELA-11 or -21. The biological function of the apelinergic system is multifaceted, and includes the regulation of angiogenesis, body fluid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. This review summarises the mechanism of the apelinergic system in cell apoptosis. Depending on the cell/tissue, the apelinergic system modulates cell apoptosis by activating various signalling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), 5'AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA). Apoptosis is critically important during various developmental processes, and any dysfunction leads to pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The purpose of this review is to present data that suggest a significant role of the apelinergic system as a potential agent in various therapies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Janssens P, Decuypere JP, Bammens B, Llorens-Cortes C, Vennekens R, Mekahli D. The emerging role of the apelinergic system in kidney physiology and disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2314-2326. [PMID: 33744967 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system (AS) is a novel pleiotropic system with an essential role in renal and cardiovascular physiology and disease, including water homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. It consists of two highly conserved peptide ligands, apelin and apela, and a G-protein-coupled apelin receptor. The two ligands have many isoforms and a short half-life and exert both similar and divergent effects. Vasopressin, apelin and their receptors colocalize in hypothalamic regions essential for body fluid homeostasis and interact at the central and renal levels to regulate water homeostasis and diuresis in inverse directions. In addition, the AS and renin-angiotensin system interact both systemically and in the kidney, with implications for the cardiovascular system. A role for the AS in diverse pathological states, including disorders of sodium and water balance, hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, acute kidney injury, sepsis and diabetic nephropathy, has recently been reported. Furthermore, several metabolically stable apelin analogues have been developed, with potential applications in diverse diseases. We review here what is currently known about the physiological functions of the AS, focusing on renal, cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis, and the role of the AS in associated diseases. We also describe several hurdles and research opportunities worthy of the attention of the nephrology community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Janssens
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussell), Department of Nephrology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Decuypere
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharma M, Prabhavalkar KS, Bhatt LK. Elabela Peptide: An Emerging Target in Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:1304-1318. [PMID: 36029072 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220826160123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Elabela, a bioactive micropeptide, is recognized as the second endogenous ligand for the Apelin receptor and is widely distributed in different tissues and organs. Elabela plays an important role in various physiological processes, such as blood pressure control, heart morphogenesis, apoptosis, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, etc. Elabela is also implicated in pathological conditions, like cardiac dysfunctions, heart failure, hypertension, kidney diseases, cancer and CNS disorders. The association of Elabela with these disease conditions makes it a potential target for their therapy. This review summarizes the physiological role of Elabela peptide as well as its implication in various disease conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Kedar S Prabhavalkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Lokesh Kumar Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacology, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Qishen Yiqi Dripping Pill Protects Diabetic Nephropathy by Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathways in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6239829. [PMID: 35754685 PMCID: PMC9232344 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6239829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms of Qishen Yiqi dripping pill (QYDP) against diabetic nephropathy (DN) through network pharmacology and animal experiments. The components and targets of QYDP and DN-related targets were retrieved from public databases. A total of 116 compounds and 160 targets of QYDP anti-DN were obtained. The top 10 hub targets including AKT1, TNF, ALB, INS, PPARG, IL-6, IL-1B, VEGF-A, JUN, and MAPK3 were screened by Cytoscape software. Then, the key targets of QYDP were enriched in 1815 Gene Ontology (GO) entries (P < 0.01) and 159 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways (P < 0.01), mainly including the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In animal experiments, the results of an ELISA assay showed that QYDP could regulate the expression levels of kidney function-related indexes and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors. qRT-PCR and western blot results showed that QYDP regulated the expression of hub genes. In conclusion, this study shows that QYDP could treat DN by antioxidative and antiinflammatory activity and inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
19
|
Vascular Functional Effect Mechanisms of Elabela in Rat Thoracic Aorta. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:381-397. [PMID: 35472496 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elabela is a recently discovered peptide hormone. The present study aims to investigate the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela in the rat thoracic aorta. METHODS The vascular rings obtained from the thoracic aortas of the male Wistar Albino rats were placed in the isolated tissue bath system. Resting tension was set to 1 gram. After the equilibration period, the vessel rings were contracted with phenylephrine or potassium chloride. Once a stable contraction was achieved, elabela-32 was applied cumulatively (10-9 - 10-6 molar) to the vascular rings. The experimental protocol was repeated in the presence of specific signaling pathway inhibitors or potassium channel blockers to determine the effect mechanisms of elabela. RESULTS Elabela showed a significant vasorelaxant effect in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.001). The vasorelaxant effect level of elabela was significantly reduced by the apelin receptor antagonist F13A, cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor dorsomorphin, protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolmaleimide, large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker iberiotoxin, and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated potassium channel blocker TRAM-34 (p < 0.001). However, the vasorelaxant effect level of elabela was not significantly affected by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSIONS Elabela exhibits a prominent vasodilator effect in rat thoracic aorta. Apelin receptor, prostanoids, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium-activated potassium channels are involved in the vasorelaxant effect mechanisms of elabela.
Collapse
|
20
|
Aierken A, Li B, Liu P, Cheng X, Kou Z, Tan N, Zhang M, Yu S, Shen Q, Du X, Enkhbaatar BB, Zhang J, Zhang R, Wu X, Wang R, He X, Li N, Peng S, Jia W, Wang C, Hua J. Melatonin treatment improves human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a mouse model of type II diabetes mellitus via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:164. [PMID: 35414044 PMCID: PMC9006413 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for tissue regeneration and disease treatment. However, long-term in vitro passaging leads to stemness loss of MSCs, resulting in failure of MSC therapy. This study investigated whether the combination of melatonin and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) was superior to hUC-MSCs alone in ameliorating high-fat diet and streptozocin (STZ)-induced type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a mouse model. Methods Mice were divided into four groups: normal control (NC) group; T2DM group; hUC-MSCs treatment alone (UCMSC) group and pretreatment of hUC-MSCs with melatonin (UCMSC/Mel) group. Results RNA sequence analysis showed that certain pathways, including the signaling pathway involved in the regulation of cell proliferation signaling pathway, were regulated by melatonin. The blood glucose levels of the mice in the UCMSC and UCMSC/Mel treatment groups were significantly reduced compared with the T2DM group without treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, hUC-MSCs enhance the key factor in the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in T2DM mouse hepatocytes. Conclusion The pretreatment of hUC-MSCs with melatonin partly boosted cell efficiency and thereby alleviated impaired glycemic control and insulin resistance. This study provides a practical strategy to improve the application of hUC-MSCs in diabetes mellitus and cytotherapy. Graphical abstract ![]()
Overview of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. (A) Underlying mechanism of UCMSC/Mel inhibition of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance T2DM mice via regulation of PI3K/AKT pathway. hUC-MSCs stimulates glucose uptake and improves insulin action thus should inhibition the clinical signs of T2DM, through activation of the p-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and then regulates glucose transport through activating AS160. UCMSC/Mel increases p53-dependent expression of BCL2, and inhibit BAX and Capase3 protein activation. Leading to the decrease in apoptosis. (B) Melatonin modulated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Melatonin activated PI3K/AKT response pathway through binding to MT1and MT2 receptor. Leading to the increase in hUC-MSCs proliferation, migration and differentiation. → (Direct stimulatory modification); ┴ ( Direct Inhibitory modification); → ┤ (Multistep inhibitory modification); ↑ (Up regulate); ↓ (Down regulate); PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase); AKT ( protein kinase B); PDK1 (Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1); IR, insulin receptor; GLUT4 ( glucose transporter type 4); ROS (reactive oxygen species); BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma-2); PDK1 (phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1) BAX (B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein); PCNA (Proliferating cell nuclear antigen); Cell cycle-associated proteins (KI67, cyclin A, cyclin E) Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02832-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aili Aierken
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Balun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xuedi Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zheng Kou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ning Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Mengfei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaomin Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Bold Bayar Enkhbaatar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Wenwen Jia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Congrong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology, Northwest A&F University, YanglingShaanxi, 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cardamomin protects from diabetes-induced kidney damage through modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108610. [PMID: 35219163 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, which seriously affects the life quality and health of patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of cardamonin (CAD) in diabetes-induced kidney damage in rats. METHODS The normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were pre-treated with different doses of CAD and then stimulated with methylglyoxal (MGO). Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes rat model were received different doses of CAD treatment. MTT, EdU, Transwell, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of apoptosis related proteins, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), receptor for AGEs (RAGE), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway related proteins, and janus kinas/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) related proteins. ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected using commercial kit. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess pathological changes in rat kidney. RESULTS Compared with control group, MGO reduced cell viability and proliferation, enhanced migration and apoptosis of NRK-52E cells, while CAD inhibited these effects induced by MGO in NRK-52E cells. Moreover, CAD increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in MGO-treated NRK-52E cells. Compared with control group, MGO increased the AGEs formation, the expression of RAGE and p-p65, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MDA in NRK-52E cells and reduced the levels of GSH and SOD, while treatment of CAD dose-dependently prevented these results. In addition, CAD attenuated MGO-induced EMT of MGO-treated NRK-52E cells. Mechanically, we identified that CAD repressed PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 signaling in NRK-52E cells. Importantly, the kidney injury of diabetes rats was attenuated by CAD. Besides, STZ-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3 were reduced by CAD in the rats. CONCLUSION CAD protects from diabetes-induced kidney damage through modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in rats.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu F, Wu M, Lu X, Zhang H, Shi L, Xi Y, Zhou H, Wang J, Miao L, Gong DW, Cui W. Effect of Fc-Elabela-21 on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: Mediation of anti-apoptotic effect via Akt phosphorylation. Peptides 2022; 147:170682. [PMID: 34742787 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), and patients with AKI have a high rate of mortality. Apelin is a therapeutic candidate for treatment of IRI and Elabela (ELA) is a recently discovered hormone that also activates the apelin receptor (APJ). We examined the use of ELA as a preventive treatment for IRI using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS Male mice were subjected to renal IRI, with or without administration of a stabilized form of ELA (Fc-ELA-21) for 4 days. Renal tubular lesions were measured using H&E staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using a dihydroethidium stain assay, and renal cell apoptosis was measured using the TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. Immortalized human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were pretreated with or without LY294002 and/or ELA-32, maintained at normoxic or hypoxic conditions, and then returned to normal culture conditions to mimic IRI. Cell apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL assay and cell proliferation was determined using the MTT assay. The levels of Akt, p-Akt, ERK1/2, p- ERK1/2, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were measured using western blotting. RESULTS Fc-ELA-21 administration reduced renal tissue damage, ROS production, and apoptosis in mice that had renal IRI. ELA-32 reduced HK-2 cell apoptosis and restored the proliferation of cells subjected to IRI. Akt phosphorylation had a role in the anti-apoptotic effect of ELA. CONCLUSION This study of in vitro and in vivo models of IRI indicated that the preventive and anti-apoptotic effects of ELA were mediated via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Man Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Lin Shi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Yue Xi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Huifen Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Junhong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Lining Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Da-Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine at Baltimore, United States
| | - Wenpeng Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li C, Cheng H, Adhikari BK, Wang S, Yang N, Liu W, Sun J, Wang Y. The Role of Apelin-APJ System in Diabetes and Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:820002. [PMID: 35355561 PMCID: PMC8959308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.820002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, diabetes and obesity are two main health-threatening metabolic disorders in the world, which increase the risk for many chronic diseases. Apelin, a peptide hormone, exerts its effect by binding with angiotensin II protein J receptor (APJ) and is considered to be linked with diabetes and obesity. Apelin and its receptor are widely present in the body and are involved in many physiological processes, such as glucose and lipid metabolism, homeostasis, endocrine response to stress, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the literatures on the role of the Apelin-APJ system in diabetes and obesity for a better understanding of the mechanism and function of apelin and its receptor in the pathophysiology of diseases that may contribute to the development of new therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | - Binay Kumar Adhikari
- Department of Cardiology, Nepal Armed Police Force (APF) Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yonggang Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohamed RH, Sedky AA, Hamam GG, Elkhateb L, Kamar SA, Adel S, Tawfik SS. Sitagliptin's renoprotective effect in a diabetic nephropathy model in rats: The potential role of PI3K/AKT pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 36:324-337. [PMID: 34735026 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Management of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is far from satisfactory. There is a rising role of the involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in the pathogenesis of DN. This study aimed at investigating the renoprotective effects of PI3K/AKT pathway via sitagliptin in a rat model of DN. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (eight rats each): (I) control, (II) sitagliptin, (III) DN, and (IV) DN + sitagliptin. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), kidney index, and kidney function tests in both blood and urine were measured. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and gene expressions of PI3K, pPI3K, AKT, and pAKT in renal tissue were detected. Renal histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were evaluated. DN + sitagliptin group showed significant decrease in FBG and kidney index, improvement in kidney function tests, and a decrease in levels of TNF-α and TGF-β in renal tissues compared with DN group. This was associated with significant increase in SOD and gene expressions of PI3K and AKT and their phosphorylated active forms in renal tissue in DN + sitagliptin group compared with DN group. Moreover, DN + sitagliptin group showed apparent decrease in amount of collagen fibers and expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) compared with DN group. This work shows that sitagliptin improved renal functions and histopathological changes, impeded inflammation, and oxidative stress and upregulated PI3K/AKT pathway which highlights its renoprotective effects in a rat model of DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham Hussein Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amina Ahmed Sedky
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Galal Hamam
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna Elkhateb
- Department of Histology and cell biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Kamar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Seham Adel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherin Shafik Tawfik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a growing epidemic with high morbidity and mortality at an international scale. The apelin-APJ receptor pathway has been implicated in HF, making it a promising therapeutic target. APJ has been shown to be activated by a novel endogenous peptide ligand known as Elabela (ELA, also called Toddler or Apela), with a critical role in cardiac development and function. Activation of the ELA-APJ receptor axis exerts a wide range of physiological effects, including depressor response, positive inotropic action, diuresis, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-remodeling, leading to its cardiovascular protection. The ELA-APJ axis is essential for diverse biological processes and has been shown to regulate fluid homeostasis, myocardial contractility, vasodilation, angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cardiorenal fibrosis, and dysfunction. The beneficial effects of the ELA-APJ receptor system are well-established by treating hypertension, myocardial infarction, and HF. Additionally, administration of ELA protects human embryonic stem cells against apoptosis and stress-induced cell death and promotes survival and self-renewal in an APJ-independent manner (X receptor) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway, which may provide a new therapeutic approach for HF. Thus, targeting the ELA-APJ axis has emerged as a pre-warning biomarker and a novel therapeutic approach against progression of HF. An increased understanding of cardiovascular actions of ELA will help to develop effective interventions. This article gives an overview of the characteristics of the ELA-apelin-APJ axis and summarizes the current knowledge on its cardioprotective roles, potential mechanisms, and prospective application for acute and chronic HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Juan-Juan Song
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Sara Martin
- Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency, Santa Rosa, CA, 95403, USA
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dagamajalu S, Rex DAB, Suchitha GP, Rai AB, Rainey JK, Prasad TSK. The network map of Elabela signaling pathway in physiological and pathological conditions. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:145-154. [PMID: 34339006 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elabela (ELA; also called Apela and Toddler) is one of the recently discovered ligand among the two endogenous peptide ligands (Apelin and Elabela) of the apelin receptor (APLNR, also known as APJ). Elabela-induced signaling plays a crucial role in diverse biological processes, including formation of the embryonic cardiovascular system and early placental development by reducing the chances of occurrence of preeclampsia during pregnancy. It also plays the major role in the renoprotection by reducing kidney injury and the inflammatory response and regulation of gene expression associated with heart failure and fibrosis. Elabela may be processed into different active peptides, each of which binds to APLNR and predominantly activates the signals through PI3K/AKT pathway. Owing to its biomedical importance, we developed a consolidated signaling map of Elabela, in accordance with the NetPath criteria. The presented Elabela signaling map comprises 12 activation/inhibition events, 15 catalysis events, 1 molecular association, 34 gene regulation events and 32 protein expression events. The Elabela signaling pathway map is freely made available through the WikiPathways Database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP5100 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| | - D A B Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - G P Suchitha
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Akhila B Rai
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Jan K Rainey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Elabela, also known as Toddler or Apela, is a recently discovered hormonal peptide containing 32 amino acids. Elabela is a ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ). APJ is a G protein-coupled receptor widely expressed throughout body, and together with its cognate ligand, apelin, it plays an important role in various physiological processes including cardiovascular functions, angiogenesis and fluid homeostasis. Elabela also participates in embryonic development and pathophysiological processes in adulthood. Elabela is highly expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells and regulates endoderm differentiation and cardiovascular system development. During differentiation, Elabela is highly expressed in pluripotent stem cells and in adult renal collecting ducts and loops, where it functions to maintain water and sodium homeostasis. Other studies have also shown that Elabela plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. This review addresses the role of Elabela in kidney diseases including renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertensive nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy, and cardiorenal syndrome.
Collapse
|
28
|
Ma Z, Zhao L, Martin S, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zhong JC, Yang XC. Lower Plasma Elabela Levels in Hypertensive Patients With Heart Failure Predict the Occurrence of Major Adverse Cardiac Events: A Preliminary Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:638468. [PMID: 33738301 PMCID: PMC7960768 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.638468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Elabela, a novel cardiac developmental peptide, has been shown to improve heart dysfunction. However, the roles and correlation of Elabela in predicting adverse cardiac events in hypertensive patients with heart failure (HF) remain largely unclear. Objective: To measure plasma levels of Elabela in hypertensive patients with HF and evaluate its prognostic value. Methods: A single-site, cohort, prospective, observational study was investigated with all subjects, including control subjects and hypertensive patients with or without HF, whom were recruited in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University form October 2018 to July 2019. The subjects among different groups were matched based on age and sex. The clinical characteristics were collected, and plasma Elabela levels were detected in all subjects. The hypertensive patients with HF were followed up for 180 days, and the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were recorded. The Cox regression was used to explore the correlation between Elabela level and MACE in hypertensive patients with or without HF. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to access the predictive power of plasma Elabela level. Results: A total of 308 subjects, including 40 control subjects, 134 hypertensive patients without HF, and 134 hypertensive patients with HF were enrolled in this study. Plasma levels of Elabela were lower in hypertensive patients compared with control subjects [4.9 (2.8, 6.7) vs. 11.8 (9.8, 14.0) ng/ml, P < 0.001]. Furthermore, HF patients with preserved ejection fraction had a higher plasma Elabela level than those with impaired left ventricular systolic function (heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction). The hypertensive patients with HF and higher plasma Elabela levels had a better readmission-free and MACE-free survival than those with lower plasma Elabela levels in survival analysis. The Cox regression analysis revealed that plasma Elabela levels were negatively associated with MACE (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.61–0.99, P = 0.048) in hypertensive patients with HF. Conclusion: Plasma Elabela levels were decreased in hypertensive patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Thus, Elabela may be potentially used as a novel predictor for MACE in hypertensive patients with HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ma
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sara Martin
- Santa Rosa Family Medicine Residency, Santa Rosa, CA, United States
| | - Yeping Zhang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Chun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li C, Miao X, Wang S, Liu Y, Sun J, Liu Q, Cai L, Wang Y. Elabela may regulate SIRT3-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress through Foxo3a deacetylation preventing diabetic-induced myocardial injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:323-332. [PMID: 33244875 PMCID: PMC7810951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy—pathophysiological heart remodelling and dysfunction that occurs in absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension and/or valvular heart disease—is a common diabetic complication. Elabela, a new peptide that acts via Apelin receptor, has similar functions as Apelin, providing beneficial effects on body fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular health and renal insufficiency, as well as potentially beneficial effects on metabolism and diabetes. In this study, Elabela treatment was found to have profound protective effects against diabetes‐induced cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis and apoptosis; these protective effects may depend heavily upon SIRT3‐mediated Foxo3a deacetylation. Our findings provide evidence that Elabela has cardioprotective effects for the first time in the diabetic model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Miao
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shudong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Osteopathic Medicine Candidate, A.T. Still University School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Norton Children Hospital, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Piao C, Zhang Q, Jin D, Wang L, Tang C, Zhang N, Lian F, Tong X. A Study on the Mechanism of Milkvetch Root in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:6754761. [PMID: 33178322 PMCID: PMC7648691 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6754761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Owing to its complicated pathogenesis, no satisfactory treatment strategies for DN are available. Milkvetch Root is a common traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and has been extensively used to treat DN in clinical practice in China for many years. However, due to the complexity of botanical ingredients, the exact pharmacological mechanism of Milkvetch Root in treating DN has not been completely elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the active components and potential mechanism of Milkvetch Root by using a systems pharmacology approach. First, the components and targets of Milkvetch Root were analyzed by using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology database. We found the common targets of Milkvetch Root and DN constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network using STRING and screened the key targets via topological analysis. Enrichment of Gene Ontology (GO) pathways and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were analyzed. Subsequently, major hubs were identified and imported to the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery for pathway enrichment analysis. The binding activity and targets of the active components of Milkvetch Root were verified by using the molecular docking software SYBYL. Finally, we found 20 active components in Milkvetch Root. Moreover, the enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG pathways suggested that AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and TNF signaling pathway might be the key pathways for the treatment of DN; more importantly, 10 putative targets of Milkvetch Root (AKT1, VEGFA, IL-6, PPARG, CCL2, NOS3, SERPINE1, CRP, ICAM1, and SLC2A) were identified to be of great significance in regulating these biological processes and pathways. This study provides an important scientific basis for further elucidating the mechanism of Milkvetch Root in treating DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Piao
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China
| | - De Jin
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Naiwen Zhang
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100000, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Guo YY, Li T, Liu H, Tang L, Li YC, Hu HT, Su YF, Lin Y, Wang YY, Li C, Huang HF, Jin L, Liu XM. Circulating levels of Elabela and Apelin in the second and third trimesters of pregnancies with gestational diabetes mellitus. Gynecol Endocrinol 2020; 36:890-894. [PMID: 32208782 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1739264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We design this study to detect levels of Elabela (ELA) and Apelin (APLN) in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in the second and third trimesters, and to identify whether there is any association between ELA, APLN, and metabolic parameters. Seventy-nine GDM and 80 control subjects in the second trimester and 87 GDM and 88 healthy subjects in the third trimester were included. In the second trimester, lower ELA levels [(14.1 versus 16.9) ng/ml, p = .025] and higher APLN levels [(1021.8 versus 923.5) pg/ml, p = .046] were observed in GDM patients compared to controls. ELA levels were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = 0.423, p < .001) in the control group, and APLN levels were negatively correlated with triglycerides (TG) (r = -0.251, p = .025) in the control group and total cholesterol (TC) (r = -0.227, p = .044) in the GDM group. ELA appeared to be related to glucose metabolism and APLN is involved in lipid metabolism during pregnancy. The expression of ELA is significantly downregulated from the second trimester to the third trimester.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yan Guo
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Tang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Tao Hu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University/Jiangsu Province hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun-Fei Su
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Yu Wang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liu
- The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen Y, Xu C. The interaction partners of (pro)renin receptor in the distal nephron. FASEB J 2020; 34:14136-14149. [PMID: 32975331 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001711r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The (pro)renin receptor (PRR), a key regulator of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is predominantly presented in podocytes, proximal tubules, distal convoluted tubules, and the apical membrane of collecting duct A-type intercalated cells, and plays a crucial role in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and fluid homeostasis. In addition to its well-known renin-regulatory function, increasing evidence suggests PRR can also act in a variety of intracellular signaling cascades independently of RAS in the renal medulla, including Wnt/β-catenin signaling, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) signaling, and the apelinergic system, and work as a component of the vacuolar H+ -ATPase. PRR and these pathways regulate the expression/activity of each other that controlling blood pressure and renal functions. In this review, we highlight recent findings regarding the antagonistic interaction between PRR and ELABELA/apelin, the mutually stimulatory relationship between PRR and COX-2/PGE2 or Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the renal medulla, and their involvement in the regulation of intrarenal RAS thereby control blood pressure, renal injury, and urine concentrating ability in health and patho-physiological conditions. We also highlight the latest progress in the involvement of PRR for the vacuolar H+ -ATPase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Chen
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chuanming Xu
- Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The Elabela in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and preeclampsia: an update. J Hypertens 2020; 39:12-22. [PMID: 32740407 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
: Although considerable success has been shown for antihypertensive medications, the resistant hypertension and hypertension-related organ damages are still the important clinical issues and pose as high health and economic pressure. Therefore, novel therapeutic techniques and antihypertensive drugs are needed to advance more effective therapy of hypertension and hypertension-related disease to ameliorate mortality and healthcare costs worldwide. In this review, we highlight the latest progress in supporting the therapeutic potential of Elabela (ELA), a recently discovered early endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor apelin peptide jejunum, apelin receptor. Systemic administration of ELA exerts vasodilatory, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, and renoprotective effects, whereas central application of ELA increases blood pressure and causes cardiovascular remodeling primarily secondary to the hypertension. In addition, ELA drives extravillous trophoblast differentiation and prevents the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (a gestational hypertensive syndrome) by promoting placental angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest peripheral ELA's therapeutic potential in preventing and treating hypertension and hypertension-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and preeclampsia. Since therapeutic use of ELA is mainly limited by its short half-life and parenteral administration, it may be a clinical application candidate for the therapy of hypertension and its complications when fused with a large inert chemicals (e.g. polyethylene glycol, termed polyethylene glycol-ELA-21) or other proteins (e.g. the Fc fragment of IgG and albumin, termed Fc-ELA-21 or albumin-ELA-21), and new delivery methods are encouraged to develop to improve the efficacy of ELA fragments on apelin peptide jejunum or alternative unknown receptors.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang F, Qu Q, Zhao C, Liu X, Yang P, Li Z, Han L, Shi X. Paecilomyces cicadae-fermented Radix astragali activates podocyte autophagy by attenuating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways to protect against diabetic nephropathy in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110479. [PMID: 32768963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix astragali, a medicinal material for tonifying Chinese Qi, has widely been used for the treatment of Kidney disease in China and East Asia, especially in reducing the apoptosis of glomerular podocytes. Paecilomyces Cicadidae is a medicinal and edible fungus. In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in solid-state fermentation of edible and medicinal fungi has become a hot issue. Fermentation is a special method to change the properties of TCM. Therefore, the potential roles and molecular mechanisms on podocytes of solid-state fermentation products of Radix astragali and Paecilomyces cicadidae (RPF) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) were studied. In vivo, the effect of RPF and Radix astragali on DN in mice was evaluated by detecting the biochemical indexes of blood and urine, renal function and podocyte integrity. In vitro, the expression of podocyte marker protein, autophagy marker protein and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway protein were detected by Western blotting using a high glucose-induced podocyte injury model. The results showed that RPF had a significant alleviative effect on DN mice. RPF can significantly reduce urine protein, serum creatinine, and blood nitrogen urea in DN mice. Morphological analysis showed that RPF could improve kidney structure of DN and reduce the apoptosis of podocytes, and the effect was better than Radix astragali. In vitro results indicated that RPF could enhance autophagy and protect podocytes by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In summary, RPF has better effect on delaying the development of DN than Radix astragali. RPF enhances autophagy in podocytes and delays DN probably by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Qu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Chongyan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Pengshuo Yang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixun Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Han
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Yangguang South Street, Fangshan, 102488, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory for Production Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, 100029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Pathogenic Pathways and Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113798. [PMID: 32471207 PMCID: PMC7312633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality, resulting in elevated cost for public health systems. DN is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its incidence increases the number of patients that develop the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There are growing epidemiological and preclinical evidence about the close relationship between inflammatory response and the occurrence and progression of DN. Several anti-inflammatory strategies targeting specific inflammatory mediators (cell adhesion molecules, chemokines and cytokines) and intracellular signaling pathways have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of DN, decreasing proteinuria and renal lesions. A number of inflammatory molecules have been shown useful to identify diabetic patients at high risk of developing renal complications. In this review, we focus on the key role of inflammation in the genesis and progression of DN, with a special interest in effector molecules and activated intracellular pathways leading to renal damage, as well as a comprehensive update of new therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation to prevent and/or retard renal injury.
Collapse
|
36
|
Geng Z, Ye C, Tong Y, Zhang F, Zhou YB, Xiong XQ. Exacerbated pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects of central Elabela in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H124-H134. [PMID: 31834836 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00449.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Elabela (ELA) is a newly discovered peptide that acts as a novel endogenous ligand of angiotensin receptor-like 1 (APJ) receptor. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of ELA-21 in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Experiments were performed in male Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR. ELA expression was upregulated in PVN of SHR. PVN microinjection of ELA-21 increased renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), plasma norepinephrine, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in SHR. Intravenous injection of ELA-21 significantly decreased MAP and HR in both WKY and SHR, but only induced a slight decrease in RSNA. APJ antagonist F13A in PVN abolished the effects of ELA-21 on RSNA, MAP and HR. Intravenous infusion of both ganglionic blocker hexamethonium and AVP V1a receptor antagonist SR49059 caused significant reduction in the effects of ELA-21 on RSNA, MAP and HR in SHR, while combined administration of hexamethonium and SR49059 abolished the effects of ELA-21. ELA-21 microinjection stimulated Akt and p85α subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) phosphorylation in PVN, whereas PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or Akt inhibitor MK-2206 almost abolished the effects of ELA-21 on RSNA, MAP, and HR. Chronic PVN infusion of ELA-21 induced sympathetic activation, hypertension, and AVP release accompanied with cardiovascular remodeling in normotensive WKY. In conclusion, ELA-21 in PVN induces exacerbated pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects in hypertensive rats via PI3K-Akt pathway.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrated that PVN microinjection of ELA-21 increases sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure, which can be abolished by pretreatment of APJ antagonist. This is the first demonstration that central ELA can induce hypertension. The pressor effects in PVN are mediated by both sympathetic activation and vasopressin release via PI3K-Akt pathway. Our data confirm that ELA is upregulated in the PVN of SHR and so may be involved in the pressor and sympathoexcitatory effects in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Geng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Tong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye-Bo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cui FQ, Wang YF, Gao YB, Meng Y, Cai Z, Shen C, Liu ZQ, Jiang XC, Zhao WJ. Effects of BSF on Podocyte Apoptosis via Regulating the ROS-Mediated PI3K/AKT Pathway in DN. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:9512406. [PMID: 31886291 PMCID: PMC6925942 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9512406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway plays a key role in podocyte apoptosis and DN progression. Our previous study demonstrated that Baoshenfang (BSF) can decrease proteinuria and attenuate podocyte injury. However, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis induced by the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway remain unclear. Herein, in vivo and in vitro studies have been performed. In our in vivo study, BSF significantly decreased 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels in DN mice. Meanwhile, BSF significantly inhibited oxidative stress and podocyte apoptosis in our in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, BSF significantly decreased the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway induced by HG in DN. More importantly, the effects of BSF on podocyte apoptosis were reversed by PI3K siRNA transfection. In conclusion, BSF can decrease proteinuria and podocyte apoptosis in DN, in part through regulating the ROS-mediated PI3K/AKT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-qiang Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yue-Fen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Yan-bin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhen Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Cun Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Zhi-qiang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Xin-can Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research, No. 10, Youanmenwai, Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen-jing Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100010, China
| |
Collapse
|