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Tseng WS, Tzeng NS, Lin KH, Huang NC, Huang MY, Kang BH. Effect of Long-Term Diving Exposure on Sleep of Male Occupational Divers in Southern Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:649-658. [PMID: 33511395 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Divers with a history of decompression sickness may be at high risk for sleep problems. However, limited studies have investigated the relationship between diving exposure and sleep problems of occupational divers. This study investigated the association between diving exposure and sleep quality and quantity among male occupational divers in southern Taiwan. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 52 occupational divers and 121 non-divers recruited from southern Taiwan in 2018. Survey data were collected using the Taiwanese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and a self-report questionnaire that included demographic variables, diving exposure/protocols, and factors associated with sleep quality. RESULTS Among all participants examined, occupational divers were significantly more likely to have both poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 3.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48-6.06; P = 0.002) and excessive daytime sleepiness (adjusted OR = 4.49; 95% CI = 2.12-9.52; P < 0.001). The diving exposure time, depth, ascent rate, and decompression table use showed no significant associations between poor and good sleepers in the divers group. However, a history of decompression sickness was associated with poor sleep quality among divers (adjusted OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.07-4.54; P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that occupational divers had poor sleep quality and more excessive sleepiness than non-divers. Decompression sickness likely contributes to poor sleep quality. Prevention and early detection of decompression sickness-related sleep problems should be an occupational health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shih Tseng
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nian-Sheng Tzeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Student Counseling Center, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hung Lin
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chieh Huang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Family Medicine, Department of Community Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Information Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Man-Yuan Huang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Hwang Kang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Dormanesh B, Vosoughi K, Akhoundi FH, Mehrpour M, Fereshtehnejad SM, Esmaeili S, Sabet AS. Carotid duplex ultrasound and transcranial Doppler findings in commercial divers and pilots. Neurol Sci 2016; 37:1911-1916. [PMID: 27461112 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-016-2674-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The risky working environments of divers and pilots, and the possible role of extreme ambient pressure in carotid stenosis, make ischemic stroke an important occupational concern among these professionals. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of being exposed to hyperbaric or hypobaric conditions with carotid artery stenosis by comparing common carotid intima-media thickness (CCIMT) and blood flow velocities of cerebral arteries in divers and pilots using carotid duplex ultrasound (CDUS) and transcranial Doppler (TCD). CDUS and transtemporal TCD were performed in 29 divers, 36 pilots and 30 control participants. Medical history, blood pressure, lipid profile and blood sugar were recorded to control the previously well-known risk factors of atherosclerosis. Findings of the CDUS and TCD [including: CCIMT and blood flow velocities of internal carotid artery (ICA), common carotid artery (CCA), and middle cerebral artery (MCA)] of divers and pilots were compared with those of the control group using regression analysis models. Both right and left side CCIMT were significantly higher in divers (P < 0.05) and pilots (P < 0.05) in comparison with the control group. Carotid index [peak systolic velocity (PSV) of ICA/PSV of CCA) of divers and pilots were also higher than the control group. TCD findings were not significantly different between divers, pilots, and the control group. Increased CCIMT and carotid index in diver and pilot groups appear to be suggestive of accelerated atherosclerosis of carotid artery in these occupational groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kia Vosoughi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Tehran, Iran. .,Neurology Department, Firoozgar University Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Medical Students Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh H Akhoundi
- Neurology Department, Firoozgar University Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Neurology Department, Firoozgar University Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Setareh Esmaeili
- Medical Students Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Shafiee Sabet
- Medical Students Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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