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Lu Y, Wyckhuys KAG, Wu K. Pest Status, Bio-Ecology, and Area-Wide Management of Mirids in East Asia. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:393-413. [PMID: 37758221 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-121322-015345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mirids (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) feed upon a wide variety of cultivated and wild plants and can be economically important crop pests. They have traditionally been perceived as innocuous herbivores in East Asia; however, population levels of various mirid species have dramatically increased over the past decades. High-profile pests such as Apolygus spp., Adelphocoris spp., and Lygus spp. are now widely distributed across the region, and their infestation pressure is associated with climate, agroecological conditions, and farming practices. This review outlines how an in-depth understanding of pest biology, a systems-level characterization of pest ecology, and a comprehensive evaluation of integrated pest management tactics have enabled sustainable management of mirids across crop boundaries and harvest cycles. This work underscores how more holistic, integrative research approaches can accelerate the implementation of area-wide management of generalist pests, effectively prevent pest population build-up and yield impact, and shrink the environmental footprint of agriculture. In addition to highlighting the merits of interdisciplinary systems approaches, we discuss prospects and challenges for the sustainable management of polyphagous mirid pests in landscape matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
| | - Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;
- Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kongming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, PR China; ,
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2
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Xu Z, Wang G, Luo J, Zhu M, Hu L, Liang S, Li B, Huang X, Wang Y, Zhang G, Zhang C, Zhou Y, Yuan D, Chen T, Chen L, Ma W, Gao W, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Ding F, Jin S. The chromosome-scale reference genome of mirid bugs (Adelphocoris suturalis) genome provides insights into omnivory, insecticide resistance, and survival adaptation. BMC Biol 2023; 21:195. [PMID: 37726763 PMCID: PMC10510153 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01666-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a notorious agricultural pest, which causes serious economic losses to a diverse range of agricultural crops around the world. The poor understanding of its genomic characteristics has seriously hindered the establishment of sustainable and environment-friendly agricultural pest management through biotechnology and biological insecticides. RESULTS Here, we report a chromosome-level assembled genome of A. suturalis by integrating Illumina short reads, PacBio, 10x Chromium, and Hi-C mapping technologies. The resulting 1.29 Gb assembly contains twelve chromosomal pseudomolecules with an N50 of 1.4 and 120.6 Mb for the contigs and scaffolds, respectively, and carries 20,010 protein-coding genes. The considerable size of the A. suturalis genome is predominantly attributed to a high amount of retrotransposons, especially long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs). Transcriptomic and phylogenetic analyses suggest that A. suturalis-specific candidate effectors, and expansion and expression of gene families associated with omnivory, insecticide resistance and reproductive characteristics, such as digestion, detoxification, chemosensory receptors and long-distance migration likely contribute to its strong environmental adaptability and ability to damage crops. Additionally, 19 highly credible effector candidates were identified and transiently overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana for functional assays and potential targeting for insect resistance genetic engineering. CONCLUSIONS The high-quality genome of A. suturalis provides an important genomic landscape for further investigations into the mechanisms of omnivory, insecticide resistance and survival adaptation, and for the development of integrated management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingju Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lisong Hu
- Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan, China
| | - Sijia Liang
- Academy of Industry Innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Bo Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Can Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daojun Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Taiyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Henan Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Ding
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Yin H, Li W, Xu M, Xu D, Wan P. The role of tetradecane in the identification of host plants by the mirid bugs Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis and potential application in pest management. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1061817. [PMID: 36561212 PMCID: PMC9763589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mirid bugs Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis are considered serious pests of many crops in China, the host plant recognition of these pests remains unclear. The current study investigated the vital odor cues of two mirid bugs and evaluated the role of olfactory recognition in host recognition. The GC-EAD response of mirid bugs to volatiles of their host plant Phaseolus vulgaris was tested. Tetradecane, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, and dodecanal elicited strong EAG responses by mirid bugs and were tested with field experiments. The results indicated tetradecane was significantly more attractive than other attractants, yielding 30.33 ± 2.19 mirid bugs trapped during 7 days. The selected response rates to tetradecane were above 60%, which was most attractive to female A. lucorum at 1.5 mg/ml. Among seven tetradecane derivatives, tetradecane and tetradecanoic acid were the most potent attractants to A. lucorum and A. suturalis. Tetradecane was present in the volatiles of 10 common hosts, and their difference in relative content was significant. The presence of tetradecane seemed relevant to the olfactory response intensity of two mirid bugs towards the different host plants. The artificial supplement of tetradecane increased the attractive effect of host plants. These results suggested that tetradecane plays a vital role in the olfactory selection by two mirid bugs, and it can be made into field baits as a novel ecological strategy to manage these pests with widely reported pesticide resistance. However, results suggested host recognition is not entirely dependent on odor cues. We demonstrated that A. suturalis and A. lucorum adults have similar olfactory recognition mechanisms to their hosts in long-distance host selection. While, the differences in host plant selection between the two pests should occur in close range due to differences in gustatory or tactile sensory organs of A. lucorum and A. suturalis.
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Qin S, Zhu B, Huang X, Hull JJ, Chen L, Luo J. Functional Role of AsAP in the Reproduction of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae). INSECTS 2022; 13:755. [PMID: 36005380 PMCID: PMC9409435 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev (Hemiptera: Miridae) is an omnivorous agricultural pest that has severe economic impacts on a diverse range of agricultural crops. Although the targeted disruption of reproductive development among insects has been proposed as a novel control strategy for pest species, the current understanding of the physiology and molecular mechanisms of A. suturalis reproduction is very limited. In this study, we isolated a putative A. suturalisaspartic protease (AsAP) gene that is highly expressed in the fat body and ovaries of sexually mature females. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated knockdown of AsAP suppressed ovarian development and negatively impacted female fertility, which suggested that it plays an essential role in A. suturalis reproduction. The results of this study could help to expand our understanding of A. suturalis reproductive development and have the potential to facilitate the development of effective strategies for the better control of this pest species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bangqin Zhu
- Guiyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550003, China
| | - Xingxing Huang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - J. Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, AZ 85138, USA
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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5
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Sakthivel S, Mohideen HS, Raman C, Mohamad SB. Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Acting on the Pesticide Resistant and Susceptible Cotton Pests. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20515-20527. [PMID: 35755373 PMCID: PMC9219083 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gossypium spp., produces economically important cotton fiber, and its yield is highly affected due to pest attacks. Insecticidal target site mutation is one of the reasons behind insecticide resistance to a wide range of pesticides. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) protein sequences from major pests of cotton were analyzed to assess various physicochemical properties, presence of motifs, and understand evolutionary relationship. The impact of three mutant AChE1, A. lucorum A216S, B. tabaci F392W, and A. gossypii A302S, on the strucutral stability was assessed, and F392W_AChE1 was selected based on 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation. Virtual screening of the zinc database and high-throughput virtual screening, standard precision, and extra precision docking resulted in the identification of six compounds. The six identified compounds and six known commercial pesticdes were docked with three mutant and three wild type AChE1, and one (C1) was selected based on Tice criteria. The conformational and interaction stability of the AChE1-C1 and F392W_AChE1-C1 complexes were monitored at 100 ns Gromacs simulation and were found to be thermodynamically favorable. Therefore, C1 may have the potential to bind to the resistant and susceptible strains of cotton pest, and the resistance developed by insects could be arrested. Furthermore, synthesis and field study of C1 will lead us to a better understanding of the efficacy of the identified compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seethalakshmi Sakthivel
- Bioinformatics
and Entomoinformatics Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, School
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Habeeb Shaik Mohideen
- Bioinformatics
and Entomoinformatics Lab, Department of Genetic Engineering, School
of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Chennai, Tamilnadu 603203, India
| | - Chandrasekar Raman
- Lab
Manager, Integrative Physiology & Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Saharuddin Bin Mohamad
- Institute
of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala
Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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Xue H, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang K, Li D, Ji J, Niu L, Wu C, Gao X, Luo J, Cui J. Gut Bacterial Diversity in Different Life Cycle Stages of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae). Front Microbiol 2021; 12:670383. [PMID: 34149656 PMCID: PMC8208491 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.670383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria and insects have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Bacteria participate in several physiological processes such as reproduction, metabolism, and detoxification of the host. Adelphocoris suturalis is considered a pest by the agricultural industry and is now a major pest in cotton, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. As with many insects, various microbes live inside A. suturalis. However, the microbial composition and diversity of its life cycle have not been well-studied. To identify the species and community structure of symbiotic bacteria in A. suturalis, we used the HiSeq platform to perform high-throughput sequencing of the V3-V4 region in the 16S rRNA of symbiotic bacteria found in A. suturalis throughout its life stages. Our results demonstrated that younger nymphs (1st and 2nd instar nymphs) have higher species richness. Proteobacteria (87.06%) and Firmicutes (9.43%) were the dominant phyla of A. suturalis. At the genus level, Erwinia (28.98%), Staphylococcus (5.69%), and Acinetobacter (4.54%) were the dominant bacteria. We found that the relative abundance of Erwinia was very stable during the whole developmental stage. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium showed significant dynamic changes at different developmental stages. Functional prediction of symbiotic bacteria mainly focuses on metabolic pathways. Our findings document symbiotic bacteria across the life cycle of A. suturalis, as well as differences in both the composition and richness in nymph and adult symbiotic bacteria. Our analysis of the bacteria in A. suturalis provides important information for the development of novel biological control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangzhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jichao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changcai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueke Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.,Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Ding Q, Xu X, Wang X, Ullah F, Gao X, Song D. Characterization and functional analysis of two acetylcholinesterase genes in Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang (Diptera: Sciaridae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 174:104807. [PMID: 33838708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two acetylcholinesterase genes (Boace1 and Boace2) were cloned from Bradysia odoriphaga, a devastating soil pest that mainly damages Chinese chives. The Boace1 encodes BoAChE1 protein consisting of 696 amino acid residues, while Boace2 encodes BoAChE2 containing 638 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Boace1 and Boace2 are appeared to be distinct clusters. The gene expression patterns at different development stages and various body parts tissues were examined, and their biological functions were characterized by RNA interference and analog docking prediction. The results showed that both Boace genes were expressed in all developmental stages and examined tissues. The transcript level of Boace2 was significantly higher than Boace1 in all tested samples, and Boace1 was found most abundant in the head while Boace2 was highly expressed in the fat body of B. odoriphaga. The silencing of Boace1 and Boace2 significantly decreased the AChE activity of 36.6% and 14.8% separately, and increased the susceptibility of B. odoriphaga to phoxim, with 60.8% and 44.7% mortality. Besides, overexpression and gene duplication of Boace1 were found in two field resistant populations, and two major mutations, A319S and G400V, were detected in Boace1. Moreover, the docking results revealed that BoAChE1 had a higher affinity towards organophosphorus than BoAChE2. It is concluded that Boace2 is the most abundant ace type in B. odoriphaga, while both Boace play vital roles. Boace1 might play a major neurological function and more likely be the prime target for insecticides, while Boace2 might play some important unidentified roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ding
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiu Wang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Dunlun Song
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zuo K, Yang Y, Wu Y, Wu S. Genetic analysis and molecular detection of resistance to chlorpyrifos mediated by the A216S substitution in acetylcholinesterase-1 in the plant bug Apolygus lucorum. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1224-1232. [PMID: 31846210 PMCID: PMC7687093 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The green plant bug Apolygus lucorum is a major pest of Bacillus thuringiensis cotton in China. Previously, we reported that chlorpyrifos resistance in a laboratory-selected strain of A. lucorum (BZ-R) is associated with the homozygosis of an allele in the ace-1 gene encoding an alanine to serine substitution at position 216 of acetylcholinesterase-1. Here we describe the results of crosses between the resistant BZ-R strain (41-fold to chlorpyrifos) and the unselected susceptible BZ-S strain homozygous for the wild type alanine allele at position 216. Resistance to chlorpyrifos was inherited as a semi-dominant trait mainly controlled by a single autosomal gene and co-segregates strongly but not completely with the serine substitution in ace-1. Synergism bioassays and enzyme assays showed that minor contributions to resistance are also made by enhanced cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase activities. A survey of 25 field populations from five Chinese provinces showed strong positive correlations between 50% lethal concentration against chlorpyrifos and S216 allele and genotype frequencies, although the most tolerant populations still only show 40%-50% S216 allele frequencies. The results above provide important information for designing effective resistance monitoring and management strategies for A. lucorum in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Ran Zuo
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yi‐Hua Yang
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yi‐Dong Wu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Shu‐Wen Wu
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
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9
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Luo J, Wang A, Cheng Y, Rong H, Guo L, Peng Y, Xu L. Selection and Validation of Suitable Reference Genes for RT-qPCR Analysis in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:451-460. [PMID: 31773146 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) is a destructive pest to >280 plants. Major economic significance and pesticide resistance issues have created a need for integrated pest management (e.g., RNAi, entomopathogen-based bioinsecticides) for A. lucorum. To better develop these control strategies, large-scale genetic studies involving gene-expression analysis are required and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is the most commonly used method. However, there have been no reports on appropriate reference genes in A. lucorum. Here, we evaluated nine widely utilized reference genes including EF1γ, RPL32, RPL27, SDH, TBP, ACT, ACT2, GAPDH, and βTUB for their expression stabilities in A. lucorum under five different conditions i.e., life stage, tissue, sex, dsRNA injection, and entomopathogen infection. Based on the gene stability ranking calculated by RefFinder, which integrates four algorithms (geNorm, delta Ct method, NormFinder, and BestKeeper), we recommend RPL27 and RPL32 as the most appropriate reference genes for molecular studies in different life stages and tissues; GAPDH and EF1γ for different sexes and entomopathogen infection studies; and RPL27 and EF1γ for RNAi studies. The results of this study will help improve the accuracy and reliability for normalizing the RT-qPCR data for further molecular analysis in A. lucorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoling Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Libin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Wu S, Deng D, Jiang W, Zhang K, Guo J, Duan W, Wang H. Genome Analysis of Cytochrome in Dinotefuran-Treated Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 103:106-113. [PMID: 30465081 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2490-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two CYP genes, CYP395G1 and CYP4EY1, were analyzed in Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae). The expression pattern in different developmental stages of both CYP395G1 and CYP4EY1 revealed that first instar nymphs possessed the highest gene-transcript levels. After 12 h of dinotefuran treatments, the expression levels of CYP395G1 increased by 1.92-fold, while the CYP4EY1 expression decreased. It was observed that the sensitivities of dinotefuran to laboratory strains from F0 to F9 and the mRNA expression levels of CYP395G1 in the F9 dinotefuran selected strain were higher when compared to the control strain. The results suggest that CYP395G1 was possibly a candidate P450 that was involved in dinotefuran detoxification. The dinotefuran resistant strain of A. lucorum was difficult to increase, due to its special molecular structure of dinotefuran compared with other neonicotinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoying Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests (Hainan University), Ministry of Education, Haikou, 570228, China.
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Denghui Deng
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wayne Jiang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jianglong Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Wenbo Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
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Zhang Y, Ma X, Han Y, Wang L, Liu Z, Guo H, Fang J. Transcript-Level Analysis of Detoxification Gene Mutation-Mediated Chlorpyrifos Resistance in Laodelphax striatellus (Hemiptera: Delphacidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:1285-1291. [PMID: 30615131 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toy411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced detoxification and target mutations that weaken insecticide binding ability are major mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Among these, over-expression or site mutations of carboxylesterase (CarE), cytochrome P450s (CYP450), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were the main form responsible for insecticide detoxification; however, transcript-level analysis of the relationship of detoxification gene mutations with chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus insecticide) resistance is scarce thus far. In this study, multiple sites exhibiting polymorphisms within three detoxification genes were firstly examined via sequencing among different chlorpyrifos-resistant and susceptible individuals of Laodelphax striatellus. For example, the mutation frequencies of A374V in LsCarE16 were 83, 33, and 3%, S277A in LsCarE24 were 88, 28, and 3%, E36K in LsCYP426A1 were 100, 65, and 0% for chlorpyrifos-resistant, resistant decay, and susceptible individuals, respectively. Analysis also found expression levels of GSTd1, GSTt1, GSTs2, CYP4DE1U1, and CYP425B1 are coordinated with chlorpyrifos resistance levels; moreover, we found the deficiencies of 43S and 44A as well as two point mutations of E60D and Q61H at N-terminal region of the OP potential target acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in high resistant but not in low-chlorpyrifos resistant individuals. The results above all demonstrated the dynamic evolutionary process of insecticide resistance and revealed some resistance factors that only played roles at certain resistance level; high insecticide resistance in this example is the result of synergistic impact from multiple resistance factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Xixian Ma
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangchun Han
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Plant Disease and Insects, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Nanjing, China
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12
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Chen D, Chen F, Chen C, Chen X, Mao Y. Transcriptome analysis of three cotton pests reveals features of gene expressions in the mesophyll feeder Apolygus lucorum. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:826-838. [PMID: 28730342 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is an agricultural pest that is known to cause damage to more than 150 plant species. Here, we report the transcriptomes of A. lucorum at three different developmental stages (the second and fifth instar nymphs and adults). A total of 98,236 unigenes with an average length of 1,335 nt was obtained, of which 50,640 were annotated, including those encoding digestive enzymes and cytochrome P450s. Comparisons with cotton bollworm and cotton aphid transcriptomes revealed distinct features of A. lucorum as a mesophyll feeder. The gene expression dynamics varied during development from young nymphs to adults. The high-quality transcriptome data and the gene expression dynamics reported here provide valuable data for a more comprehensive understanding of the physiology and development of mirid bugs, and for mining targets for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianyang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fangyan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoya Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yingbo Mao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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13
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Zhu KY. Preface to the Special Issue: Insecticide Toxicology in China. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 132:1-2. [PMID: 27521906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506.
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