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Fan X, Song Y, Liu Y, Song J, Zeng J, Li Z, Xu J, Xue C. Effect of cytochrome c release on the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis and quality deterioration of black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) postmortem storage. Food Chem 2024; 458:140283. [PMID: 38959796 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Apoptosis was associated with decreased sensory quality attributes of fish during postmortem storage. Based on cytochrome c (cyt-c) release plays a crucial role in apoptosis, the study aims to investigate the factors regulating cyt-c release and whether cyt-c acts as an endogenous pro-oxidant to trigger lipid oxidation. Within 12 h postmortem, dramatic changes in the intramuscular environment (glycogen from 1.57 mg/g to 0.65 mg/g; ATP reduced by 92.91%; pH value reaching the lowest (pH = 7.14)) and the mitochondrial environment (accumulation of mitochondrial ROS and Ca2+ levels) are induced mitochondrial swelling and opening of the MPTP (increased 34.35% and 31.91%), leading to the release of cyt-c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm and the activation of caspase-3. This leads to lipid oxidation and degradation of myofibrillar proteins, accelerating quality deterioration in color and texture. The results suggest that cyt-c is involved in lipid oxidation during postmortem through the apoptotic mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China.
| | - Yanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China.
| | - Junyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China
| | - Junpeng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, China; Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266235, China.
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2
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Don TM, Hong YT, Jheng PR, Chuang EY, Huang YC. Improved camptothecin encapsulation and efficacy by environmentally sensitive block copolymer/chitosan/fucoidan nanoparticles for targeting lung cancer cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:133901. [PMID: 39038585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
In this study, thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNP) was polymerized with pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to prepare a PAA-b-PNP block copolymer. Above its cloud point, the block copolymer self-assembled into nanoparticles (NPs), encapsulating the anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) in situ. Chitosan (CS) and fucoidan (Fu) further modified these NPs, forming Fu-CPT-NPs to enhance biocompatibility, drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), and loading content (LC), crucially facilitating P-selectin targeting of lung cancer cells through a drug delivery system. The EE and LC reached 82 % and 3.5 %, respectively. According to transmission electron microscope observation, these Fu-CPT-NPs had uniform spherical shapes with an average diameter of ca. 250 nm. They could maintain their stability in a pH range of 5.0-6.8. In vitro experimental results revealed that the Fu-CPT-NPs exhibited good biocompatibility and had anticancer activity after encapsulating CPT. It could deliver CPT to cancer cells by targeting P-selectin, effectively increasing cell uptake and inducing cell apoptosis. Animal study results showed that the Fu-CPT-NPs inhibited lung tumor growth by increasing tumor cell apoptosis without causing significant tissue damage related to generating reactive oxygen species in lung cancer cells. This system can effectively improve drug-delivery efficiency and treatment effects and has great potential for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hong
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ru Jheng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, International PhD Program in Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Cheng Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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Ma X, Chang J, Sun X, Zhou C, Zhao P, Yang Y. (S)-10-Hydroxycamptothecin Inhibits EMT-evoked Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Metastasis by Activating the HIPPO Signaling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2239-2248. [PMID: 38369725 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073263020231220043405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone cancer in children and adolescents with high metastatic ability. AIM This study aimed to explore the inhibitory effects of (S)-10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) on osteosarcoma cell growth and metastasis as well as the underlying mechanism. METHODS The osteosarcoma cells of 143B and U-2 OS (U-2), treated with HCPT (20, 100, or 300 nM), underwent detections, such as CCK-8, flow cytometry, Transwell, wound healing, and immunoblotting. EMT-related key proteins, like N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin, were found to be down-regulated, while E-cadherin was up-regulated dose-dependently in HCPT-exposed 143B and U-2 cells. Additionally, incubation of 143B and U-2 cells with HCPT for 3 hours dosedependently reduced the expression ratios of p-LATS1/LATS1, p-MST1/MST1, p-YAP/YAP, and p-TAZ/TAZ. RESULTS Taken together, our study has demonstrated HCPT to inhibit osteosarcoma growth and metastasis potentially by activating the HIPPO signaling pathway and reversing EMT. CONCLUSION HCPT might be a candidate agent for the prevention and treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chujie Zhou
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200032, China
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4
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Ge T, Shao Y, Bao X, Xu W, Lu C. Cellular senescence in liver diseases: From mechanisms to therapies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110522. [PMID: 37385123 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is an irreversible state of cell cycle arrest, characterized by a gradual decline in cell proliferation, differentiation, and biological functions. Cellular senescence is double-edged for that it can provoke organ repair and regeneration in physiological conditions but contribute to organ and tissue dysfunction and prime multiple chronic diseases in pathological conditions. The liver has a strong regenerative capacity, where cellular senescence and regeneration are closely involved. Herein, this review firstly introduces the morphological manifestations of senescent cells, the major regulators (p53, p21, and p16), and the core pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying senescence process, and then specifically generalizes the role and interventions of cellular senescence in multiple liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, this review focuses on interpreting the importance of cellular senescence in liver diseases and summarizes potential senescence-related regulatory targets, aiming to provide new insights for further researches on cellular senescence regulation and therapeutic developments for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunyun Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxuan Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chunfeng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
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Kaczmarek A, Wrońska AK, Boguś MI. The Changes in Mitochondrial Morphology and Physiology Accompanying Apoptosis in Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera) Immunocompetent Cells during Conidiobolus coronatus (Entomophthorales) Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10169. [PMID: 37373316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have been shown to play an important role in apoptosis using mammalian cell lines. However, their role in insects is not fully understood; thus, more indepth studies of insect cell apoptosis are necessary. The present study investigates mitochondrial involvement during Conidiobolus coronatus-induced apoptosis in Galleria mellonella hemocytes. Previous research has shown that fungal infection could induce apoptosis in insect hemocytes. Our findings indicate that mitochondria undergo several morphological and physiological changes during fungal infection, e.g., loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, megachannel formation, disturbances in intracellular respiration, increased nonrespiratory oxygen consumption in mitochondria, decreased ATP-coupled oxygen consumption and increased non-ATP-coupled oxygen consumption, decreased extracellular and intracellular oxygen consumption, and increased extracellular pH. Our findings confirm that G. mellonella immunocompetent cells demonstrate Ca2+ overload in mitochondria, translocation of cytochrome c-like protein from mitochondrial to cytosol fraction, and higher activation of caspase-9-like protein after C. coronatus infection. Most importantly, several of the changes observed in insect mitochondria are similar to those accompanying apoptosis in mammalian cells, suggesting that the process is evolutionarily conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kaczmarek
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Katarzyna Wrońska
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mieczysława Irena Boguś
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-875 Warsaw, Poland
- Biomibo, 04-872 Warsaw, Poland
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Ding Y, Chen S, Zhang F, Li W, Ge G, Liu T, Yang Q. Chitinase is a Potent Insecticidal Molecular Target of Camptothecin and Its Derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1845-1851. [PMID: 36655791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) is a prominent molecule in natural product research because of its application prospects in medicine and agriculture. In this study, CPT and its derivatives were discovered to be competitive inhibitors of group II and group h insect chitinases, both of which are key components of insect chitinolytic systems. CPT and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN-38) inhibited group II chitinase from Ostrinia furnacalis (OfChtII) with Ki values of 5.1 and 2.0 μM, respectively. Results from tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, molecular docking analysis, and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that both CPT and SN-38 inhibit OfChtII-C1 by interacting with solvent-exposed tryptophan residues in a substrate-binding cleft. CPT exhibited high insecticidal activity toward the orthopteran pest Locusta migratoria, possibly because of the midgut metabolism of CPT, with only moderate activities toward lepidopteran pests. Even though SN-38 exhibited much lower insecticidal activities than CPT, it still showed higher inhibitory activity toward chitinase. This study reports a new molecular target of CPT and provides insights into molecular design of CPT-based insecticides against different kinds of pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Sizhe Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenda Li
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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7
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Nirody JA, Budin I, Rangamani P. ATP synthase: Evolution, energetics, and membrane interactions. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:152111. [PMID: 32966553 PMCID: PMC7594442 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of ATP, life’s “universal energy currency,” is the most prevalent chemical reaction in biological systems and is responsible for fueling nearly all cellular processes, from nerve impulse propagation to DNA synthesis. ATP synthases, the family of enzymes that carry out this endless task, are nearly as ubiquitous as the energy-laden molecule they are responsible for making. The F-type ATP synthase (F-ATPase) is found in every domain of life and has facilitated the survival of organisms in a wide range of habitats, ranging from the deep-sea thermal vents to the human intestine. Accordingly, there has been a large amount of work dedicated toward understanding the structural and functional details of ATP synthases in a wide range of species. Less attention, however, has been paid toward integrating these advances in ATP synthase molecular biology within the context of its evolutionary history. In this review, we present an overview of several structural and functional features of the F-type ATPases that vary across taxa and are purported to be adaptive or otherwise evolutionarily significant: ion channel selectivity, rotor ring size and stoichiometry, ATPase dimeric structure and localization in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and interactions with membrane lipids. We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme’s particular lipid environment. Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. We argue that a comprehensive understanding of the structure, function, and evolution of membrane proteins—including ATP synthase—requires such an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A Nirody
- Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.,All Souls College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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8
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Causes and consequences of DNA damage-induced autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Lele W, Lei L, Liting Q. Resveratrol sensitizes A549 cells to irradiation damage via suppression of store-operated calcium entry with Orai1 and STIM1 downregulation. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:587. [PMID: 33850559 PMCID: PMC8027717 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol with multiple positive biofunctions and was found to have potential as a radiosensitizer with an intricate molecular mechanism. Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a novel intracellular calcium regulatory pattern that is mainly mediated by iron channels, such as by the stromal interaction molecule (STIM) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein (Orai) families. SOCE was recently reported to be suppressed via the downregulation of STIM or Orai families for the promotion of tumor cell death induced by resveratrol. In the present study, resveratrol combined with irradiation treatment were found to induce more evident cell damage compared with irradiation treatment alone, as shown with Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and mitochondrial membrane potential detection with rhodamine 123. Additionally, resveratrol combined with irradiation treatment decreased the expression of STIM1 and Orai1, while it had no effects on STIM2, Orai2 and Orai3. Moreover, resveratrol combined with irradiation treatment lead to alleviated thapsigargin-induced SOCE. In addition, overexpression of STIM1 and Orai1 reversed resveratrol-induced SOCE inhibition and reduced death in A549 cells under irradiation. In summary, the present results revealed that resveratrol can significantly enhance the effect of irradiation damage on lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, and this effect may be mediated by suppression of SOCE with reduced expression of both STIM1 and Orai1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Lele
- Department of General Medicine, First People's Hospital of Yuhang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, P.R. China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Lv Lei
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Epigenetic Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
| | - Qian Liting
- Department of Radiotherapy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China.,Epigenetic Laboratory, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230031, P.R. China
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Nesci S, Trombetti F, Pagliarani A, Ventrella V, Algieri C, Tioli G, Lenaz G. Molecular and Supramolecular Structure of the Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Implications for Pathology. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:242. [PMID: 33804034 PMCID: PMC7999509 DOI: 10.3390/life11030242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under aerobic conditions, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) converts the energy released by nutrient oxidation into ATP, the currency of living organisms. The whole biochemical machinery is hosted by the inner mitochondrial membrane (mtIM) where the protonmotive force built by respiratory complexes, dynamically assembled as super-complexes, allows the F1FO-ATP synthase to make ATP from ADP + Pi. Recently mitochondria emerged not only as cell powerhouses, but also as signaling hubs by way of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, when ROS removal systems and/or OXPHOS constituents are defective, the physiological ROS generation can cause ROS imbalance and oxidative stress, which in turn damages cell components. Moreover, the morphology of mitochondria rules cell fate and the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in the mtIM, which, most likely with the F1FO-ATP synthase contribution, permeabilizes mitochondria and leads to cell death. As the multiple mitochondrial functions are mutually interconnected, changes in protein composition by mutations or in supercomplex assembly and/or in membrane structures often generate a dysfunctional cascade and lead to life-incompatible diseases or severe syndromes. The known structural/functional changes in mitochondrial proteins and structures, which impact mitochondrial bioenergetics because of an impaired or defective energy transduction system, here reviewed, constitute the main biochemical damage in a variety of genetic and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Fabiana Trombetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Alessandra Pagliarani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Vittoria Ventrella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Cristina Algieri
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (F.T.); (V.V.); (C.A.)
| | - Gaia Tioli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Lenaz
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Identification and Functional Analysis of Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 (Apaf-1) from Spodoptera litura. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010064. [PMID: 33450838 PMCID: PMC7828216 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1) is an adaptor molecule, essential for activating initiator caspase and downstream effector caspases, which directly cause apoptosis. In fruit flies, nematodes, and mammals, Apaf-1 has been extensively studied. However, the structure and function of Apaf-1 in Lepidoptera remain unclear. This study identified a novel Apaf-1 from Spodoptera litura, named Sl-Apaf-1. Sl-Apaf-1 contains three domains: a CARD domain, as well as NOD and WD motifs, and is very similar to mammalian Apaf-1. Interference of Sl-apaf-1 expression in SL-1 cells blocked apoptosis induced by actinomycin D. Overexpression of Sl-apaf-1 significantly enhances apoptosis induced by actinomycin D in Sf9/SL-1/U2OS cells, suggesting that the function of Sl-Apaf-1 is evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, Sl-Apaf-1 could interact with Sl-caspase-5 (a homologue of mammalian caspase-9) and yielded a binding affinity of 1.37 × 106 M-1 according isothermal titration calorimetry assay. Initiator caspase (procaspase-5) of S. litura could be activated by Sl-Apaf-1 (without WD motif) in vitro, and the activated Sl-caspase-5 could cleave Sl-procaspase-1 (a homologue of caspase-3 in mammals), which directly caused apoptosis. This study demonstrates the key role of Sl-Apaf-1 in the apoptosis pathway, suggesting that the apoptosis pathway in Lepidopteran insects and mammals is conserved.
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Dai LS, Tian HF, Hang Y, Wen CW, Huang YH, Wang BF, Hu JW, Xu JP, Deng MJ. 1 H NMR-based metabonomic evaluation of the pesticides camptothecin and matrine against larvae of Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:208-216. [PMID: 32677739 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camptothecin (CPT) and matrine (MAT) have potential as botanical pesticides against several pest species. However, the mechanisms of metabolic and physiological changes in pests induced by CPT and MAT are unknown. In this study, a toxicological test, an NMR-based metabolomic study, an enzymatic test, and an RT quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) experiment were all conducted to examine the effect of CPT and MAT on Spodoptera litura. RESULTS CPT (0.5-1%) exerted high toxicity against larvae of S. litura and caused growth stagnation and high mortality of larvae. A variety of metabolites were significantly influenced by 0.5% CPT, including several energy-related metabolites such as trehalose, lactate, succinate, citrate, malate, and fumarate. In contrast, MAT showed low toxicity against larvae and induced almost no changes in hemolymph metabolites of S. litura. Enzymatic tests showed that trehalase activity was significantly decreased in larvae after feeding with 0.5% CPT. RT-qPCR showed that the transcription levels of alanine aminotransferase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase were decreased while lactate dehydrogenase was increased in the 0.5% CPT-treated group. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that one of the important mechanisms of CPT against S. litura larvae is via the inhibition of trehalose hydrolysis and glycolysis. Our findings also suggest that CPT exhibits a stronger toxicological effect than MAT against S. litura, which provides basic information for the application of CPT in the control of S. litura or other lepidoptera pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shang Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui-Fei Tian
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Hang
- Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao-Wei Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hao Huang
- Renji College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin-Feng Wang
- School of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-Wei Hu
- Biotechnology Center of Anhui Agricultural University, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jia-Ping Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Jie Deng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Ren Y, Li Q, Lu L, Jin H, Tao K, Hou T. Isochamaejasmin induces toxic effects on Helicoverpa zea via DNA damage and mitochondria-associated apoptosis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:557-567. [PMID: 32815281 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stellera chamaejasme L. is a poisonous plant with rich resources and is thus highly valuable in terms of new pesticide development. Isochamaejasmin (ICM), one of the main ingredients in S. chamaejasme has drawn much attention owing to its antitumour properties. However, the toxicity and mode of action of ICM on insects are still not clear. In this article, the larva and neuronal cell (AW1) of Helicoverpa zea were used to clarify the insecticidal activity of ICM as well as its toxic mechanism at the cellular level. RESULTS The results confirmed that ICM has potential toxicity against H. zea both in vivo and in vitro via time- and dose-dependent manners. Moreover, we found that ICM caused DNA damage and increased the levels of γH2AX and OGG1 in AW1 cells. Results also showed decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), upregulation of Bax/Bcl-2 expression resulting in the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol, activation of caspase-3/9, and cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) as a result of exposure to ICM. Additionally, a dose-dependent rise in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, accumulation of a lipid peroxidation product, and inactivation of antioxidant enzymes were found in ICM-treated cells. CONCLUSION These findings confirmed the insecticidal activity of ICM. Furthermore, the results revealed that ICM could cause DNA damage and induce apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway in AW1 cells. This study provides the basic information needed to understand the toxicity and mechanisms of action of ICM, which could potentially be used to develop it as a new insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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He TT, Zhou Y, Liu YL, Li DY, Nie P, Li AH, Xie HX. Edwardsiella piscicida
type III protein EseJ suppresses apoptosis through down regulating type 1 fimbriae, which stimulate the cleavage of caspase‐8. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13193. [DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ying Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Duan You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyPilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Qingdao China
- School of Marine Science and EngineeringQingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China
| | - Ai Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
| | - Hai Xia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China
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15
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Host AAA+ ATPase TER94 Plays Critical Roles in Building the Baculovirus Viral Replication Factory and Virion Morphogenesis. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01674-19. [PMID: 31896597 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01674-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
TER94 is a multifunctional AAA+ ATPase crucial for diverse cellular processes, especially protein quality control and chromatin dynamics in eukaryotic organisms. Many viruses, including coronavirus, herpesvirus, and retrovirus, coopt host cellular TER94 for optimal viral invasion and replication. Previous proteomics analysis identified the association of TER94 with the budded virions (BVs) of baculovirus, an enveloped insect large DNA virus. Here, the role of TER94 in the prototypic baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) life cycle was investigated. In virus-infected cells, TER94 accumulated in virogenic stroma (VS) at the early stage of infection and subsequently partially rearranged in the ring zone region. In the virions, TER94 was associated with the nucleocapsids of both BV and occlusion-derived virus (ODV). Inhibition of TER94 ATPase activity significantly reduced viral DNA replication and BV production. Electron/immunoelectron microscopy revealed that inhibition of TER94 resulted in the trapping of nucleocapsids within cytoplasmic vacuoles at the nuclear periphery for BV formation and blockage of ODV envelopment at a premature stage within infected nuclei, which appeared highly consistent with its pivotal function in membrane biogenesis. Further analyses showed that TER94 was recruited to the VS or subnuclear structures through interaction with viral early proteins LEF3 and helicase, whereas inhibition of TER94 activity blocked the proper localization of replication-related viral proteins and morphogenesis of VS, providing an explanation for its role in viral DNA replication. Taken together, these data indicated the crucial functions of TER94 at multiple steps of the baculovirus life cycle, including genome replication, BV formation, and ODV morphogenesis.IMPORTANCE TER94 constitutes an important AAA+ ATPase that associates with diverse cellular processes, including protein quality control, membrane fusion of the Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum network, nuclear envelope reformation, and DNA replication. To date, little is known regarding the role(s) of TER94 in the baculovirus life cycle. In this study, TER94 was found to play a crucial role in multiple steps of baculovirus infection, including viral DNA replication and BV and ODV formation. Further evidence showed that the membrane fission/fusion function of TER94 is likely to be exploited by baculovirus for virion morphogenesis. Moreover, TER94 could interact with the viral early proteins LEF3 and helicase to transport and further recruit viral replication-related proteins to establish viral replication factories. This study highlights the critical roles of TER94 as an energy-supplying chaperon in the baculovirus life cycle and enriches our knowledge regarding the biological function of this important host factor.
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16
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Synthesis and biological activities of two camptothecin derivatives against Spodoptera exigua. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18067. [PMID: 31792297 PMCID: PMC6889156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54596-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a natural alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata Decne, is found to show potential insecticidal activities with unique action mechanisms by targeting at DNA-topoisomease I (Top1) complex and inducing cell apoptosis. To improve the efficacy against insect pests, two camptothecin (CPT) derivatives were synthesized through introducing two functional groups, 2-nitroaminoimidazoline and 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane by esterification reaction. The insecticidal activities of these two derivatives were evaluated at contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitory activities comparing with CPT and hydroxyl-camptothecin (HCPT). Results showed that compound a, synthesized by introducing 2-nitroaminoimidazoline to CPT, apparently increased contact toxicity to the third larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and cytotoxicity to IOZCAS-Spex-II cells isolated from S. exigua. However, the inhibition on DNA relaxation activity of Top1 was reduced to less than 5 percentage even at high concentrations (50 and 100 μM). For introducing 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane to HCPT, the contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and Top1 inhibitory activity of synthesized compound b were increased significantly compared to CPT and HCPT. These results suggested that both synthesized compounds possessed high efficacy against S. exigua by targeting at Top1 (compound b) or novel mechanism of action (compound a).
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17
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Yao Q, Li L, Huang X, Li H, Fang Y, Xia J, Fan J, Chen L, Wang J, Peng X. Photostable Fluorescent Tracker for Imaging Mitochondria with Super Resolution. Anal Chem 2019; 91:15777-15783. [PMID: 31718148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The power factories in cells, mitochondria, play important roles in all physiological processes. It is reported that progressive mitochondrial swelling and outer mitochondrial membrane rupture could be induced by a wide variety of apoptotic and necrotic stimuli. Regrettably, although a variety of mitochondrial probes have been developed, most of them are based on the detection of active species in mitochondria. Probes that can monitor the status and distribution of mitochondria for a long time are still urgently needed. In this study, a fluorescent sensor with excellent properties, EtNBEn, is described. Outstanding performance allows it to be observed not only in cells but also in living Daphnia and zebrafish under confocal microscopy for a long time. Moreover, the swelling process of mitochondria under light stimulation is also visualized under super-resolution (SR) microscopy. All these results suggest that EtNBEn could be employed for tagging mitochondria in various physiological processes, which makes a great contribution to the cure of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Liuju Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , 100871 Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshuai Huang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , 100871 Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Yanyun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- Department School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine , Peking University , 100871 Beijing , P. R. China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road, High-tech District , Dalian 116024 , P. R. China
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18
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Shu B, Zhang J, Zeng J, Cui G, Zhong G. Stability of selected reference genes in Sf9 cells treated with extrinsic apoptotic agents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14147. [PMID: 31578389 PMCID: PMC6775146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a tightly controlled cell death process, apoptosis eliminates unwanted cells and plays a vital role in multicellular organisms. Previous study have demonstrated that apoptosis occurred in Spodoptera frugiperda cultured Sf9 cells, which triggered by diverse apoptotic stimuli, including azadirachtin, camptothecin and ultraviolet. Due to its simplicity, high sensitivity and reliable specificity, RT-qPCR has been used widespread for analyzing expression levels of target genes. However, the selection of reference genes influences the accuracy of results profoundly. In this study, eight genes were selected for analyses of their suitability as references for normalizing RT-PCR data in Sf9 cells treated with apoptotic agents. Five algorithms, including NormFinder, BestKeeper, Delta Ct method, geNorm, and RefFinder, were used for stability ranking. Based on comprehensively analysis, the expression stability of selected genes varied in cells with different apoptotic stimuli. The best choices for cells under different apoptosis conditions were listed: EF2 and EF1α for cells treated with azadirachtin; RPL13 and RPL3 for cells treated with camptothecin; EF1α and β-1-TUB for cells irradiated under ultraviolet; and EF1α and EF2 for combinational analyses of samples. Our results not only facilitate a more accurate normalization for RT-qPCR data, but also provide the reliable assurance for further studies of apoptotic mechanisms under different stimulus in Sf9 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshui Shu
- Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Chitosan-Based Nanogel Enhances Chemotherapeutic Efficacy of 10-Hydroxycamptothecin against Human Breast Cancer Cells. INT J POLYM SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/1914976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CS), the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, has been widely developed as a nanoscopic drug delivery vehicle due to its intriguing characteristics. In this work, a positively charged CS-based nanogel was designed and synthesized to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines. The model drug of 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) was entrapped into the core via a facile diffusion to form CS/HCPT. The characteristics of CS/HCPT were evaluated by assessing particle size, drug loading content, and drug loading efficiency. Furthermore, cell internalization, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis of CS/HCPT were also investigated in vitro. The present investigation indicated that the positively charged CS-based nanogel could be potentially used as a promising drug delivery system.
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20
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Shu B, Zhang J, Jiang Z, Cui G, Veeran S, Zhong G. Harmine induced apoptosis in Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells by activating the endogenous apoptotic pathways and inhibiting DNA topoisomerase I activity. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 155:26-35. [PMID: 30857624 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Harmine, a useful botanical compound, has demonstrated insecticidal activity against some pests. However, harmine's mechanism of action has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. To preliminarily explore harmine's insecticidal mechanisms, the cytotoxicity of harmine against Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells was comprehensively investigated. Our results indicated that harmine induced apoptosis in Sf9 cells, as evidenced by cellular and nuclear morphological changes, DNA laddering and increases in caspase-3-like activities. In addition, activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by harmine was confirmed by the generation of ROS, opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTPs), increase in cytosolic Ca2+, changes in mRNA expression levels of genes involved in the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and increase and release of Cytochrome c. Furthermore, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, release of cathepsin L from the lysosome into the cytosol and cleavage of caspase-3 were also triggered, which indicated that lysosomes were involved in this physiological process. Moreover, the effect of harmine on DNA topoisomerase I activity was investigated by in vivo and molecular docking experiments. These data not only verified that harmine induced apoptosis via comprehensive activation of the mitochondrial and lysosomal pathways and inhibition of DNA topoisomerase I activity in Sf9 cells but also revealed a mechanism of harmine insecticidal functions for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benshui Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Subtropical Fruit Trees Outbreak Control, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sethuraman Veeran
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Ren X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Mao L, Jiang H. Oxidative stress induced by camptothecin and hydroxyl-camptothecin in IOZCAS-Spex-II cells of Spodoptera exigua Hübner. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 216:52-59. [PMID: 30414480 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT) and its derivatives show potential insecticidal activities against various insect species due to target at DNA-Topoisomerase I complex and induce apoptosis death of insect cells. Oxidative stress resulted from excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been proved to be an important component of the mechanism of pesticide toxicity. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CPTs promote the increasing of intracellular oxidative stress by enhancing accumulation of intracellular ROS in IOZCAS-Spex-II cells derived from Spodoptera exigua Hübner. Results demonstrated that there was a significant increase in the level of intracellular ROS accompanied by markedly increased DNA damage, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation after exposing to CPT and hydroxyl-camptothecin (HCPT) in IOZCAS-Spex-II cells. These results documented ROS generation induced by CPT and HCPT played an essential role in toxicity and mode of action of CPTs against insects. This research will throw new light on the critical roles of oxidative stress in CPTs- induced toxicity against insects, as well as on the exploration of using CPTs as a kind of insecticide with unique mode of action in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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22
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Jiang Z, Zhang Z, Cui G, Sun Z, Song G, Liu Y, Zhong G. DNA Topoisomerase 1 Structure-BASED Design, Synthesis, Activity Evaluation and Molecular Simulations Study of New 7-Amide Camptothecin Derivatives Against Spodoptera frugiperda. Front Chem 2018; 6:456. [PMID: 30345269 PMCID: PMC6182061 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin and its derivatives (CPTs) have strong toxicity to eukaryotic cells by targeting their DNA topoisomerase 1 (Top1) protein and have been increasingly explored as potential pesticides for plant protection. However, the detailed structure-binding mechanism of the interactions between CPTs and the insect Top1 protein remains unclear, which significantly hinders the development of novel CPTs as new insecticides. Herein, a series of 7-amide camptothecin analogs based on the binding mode of camptothecin in complex with Top1 (Sf Top1)-DNA from Spodoptera frugiperda cultured cell line Sf9 were designed and synthesized. Fifteen of these compounds exhibited excellent cytotoxic activity (values of IC50 from 2.01 to 6.78 μM) compared with camptothecin (29.47 μM). The molecular simulations revealed the binding mechanism when the camptothecin parent rings were inserting parallel to DNA bases and stabling the ternary complex by π-π stacked and hydrogen-bond interactions, and further suggested that introduction of lipophilic and some electron-withdrawing groups on the amide linkage of camptothecin could be beneficial to its activity via some non-covalent interactions. Furthermore, almost all the synthesized compounds could inhibit the growth of Spodoptera litura larvae strongly (Inhibition rate from 50.20 to 79.05%), superior or comparable to camptothecin (55.69%) after 8 days of exposure. In particular, the compounds 4c, 4d, 4f, and 4j, which presented more than 70% inhibitory activities, were deserved to be developed as potential biorational pesticides. The information described here would be useful for the further design and development of potentially effective pesticides in the field of plant protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, and Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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