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Ruiz-Yance I, Siguas J, Bardales B, Robles-Castañeda I, Cordova K, Ypushima A, Estela-Villar E, Quintana-Criollo C, Estacio D, Rodríguez JL. Potential Involvement of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Proinflammation in Ipconazole-Induced Cytotoxicity in Human Endothelial-like Cells. TOXICS 2023; 11:839. [PMID: 37888690 PMCID: PMC10610737 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Triazole fungicides are widely used in the world, mainly in agriculture, but their abuse and possible toxic effects are being reported in some in vivo and in vitro studies that have demonstrated their danger to human health. This in vitro study evaluated the cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and proinflammation of EA.hy926 endothelial cells in response to ipconazole exposure. Using the MTT assay, ipconazole was found to produce a dose-dependent reduction (*** p < 0.001; concentrations of 20, 50 and 100 µM) of cell viability in EA.hy926 with an IC50 of 29 µM. Also, ipconazole induced a significant increase in ROS generation (** p < 0.01), caspase 3/7 (** p < 0.01), cell death (BAX, APAF1, BNIP3, CASP3 and AKT1) and proinflammatory (NLRP3, CASP1, IL1β, NFκB, IL6 and TNFα) biomarkers, as well as a reduction in antioxidant (NRF2 and GPx) biomarkers. These results demonstrated that oxidative stress, proinflammatory activity and cell death could be responsible for the cytotoxic effect produced by the fungicide ipconazole, such that this triazole compound should be considered as a possible risk factor in the development of alterations in cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ruiz-Yance
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Junior Siguas
- Animal Physiology Department, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Brandy Bardales
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Ingrid Robles-Castañeda
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Karen Cordova
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Alina Ypushima
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Esteban Estela-Villar
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Carlos Quintana-Criollo
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - Darwin Estacio
- Agroforestry Department, Universidad Nacional Intercultural de la Amazonia, Pucallpa 25004, Peru; (I.R.-Y.); (B.B.); (I.R.-C.)
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Merghni A, Belmamoun AR, Urcan AC, Bobiş O, Lassoued MA. 1,8-Cineol (Eucalyptol) Disrupts Membrane Integrity and Induces Oxidative Stress in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1388. [PMID: 37507929 PMCID: PMC10376866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the increased emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, the declining efficiency of traditional antimicrobials has generated severe concerns in recent years. Subsequently, more interest in other antimicrobial agents from natural resources draws more attention as an alternative to conventional medications. This study investigated the bactericidal mechanism of monoterpene 1,8-cineol (eucalyptol), a major compound of various essential oils, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial activity of 1,8-cineol was assessed by an MTT assay against clinical and reference MRSA strains. A cell membrane integrity test, followed by zeta potential (ZP) measurements, was performed to evaluate the disruption of the bacterial membrane integrity. Additionally, the cytotoxic effect of this molecule on MRSA bacteria was investigated by monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT and SOD). Regarding the anti-staphylococcal effect, the obtained results revealed the antibacterial efficacy of 1,8-cineol wherein the minimum inhibitory concentrations were equal to 7.23 mg/mL. Furthermore, it enhanced membrane permeability, with a 5.36-fold increase in nucleic acid and protein leakage as compared with untreated strains, along with the alteration of surface charge (ZP) in MRSA cells. The tested compound caused an increase in ROS generation reaching 17,462 FU and MDA production, reaching 9.56 μM/mg protein, in treated bacterial cells, along with a decrease in oxidative stress enzymes activities. Our findings suggest that 1,8-cineol has the ability to damage the membrane integrity and induce ROS-mediated oxidative stress in MRSA cells, leading to its antagonistic effect against this pathogen and consequently aiding in the reversal of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Reda Belmamoun
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Djillali Liabes University, Sidi-Bel-Abbes 22000, Algeria
| | - Adriana Cristina Urcan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Otilia Bobiş
- Department of Beekeeping and Sericulture, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mohamed Ali Lassoued
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Pharmacological Drug Development LR12ES09, Faculty of Phamacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Petricca S, Carnicelli V, Luzi C, Cinque B, Celenza G, Iorio R. Oxidative Stress, Cytotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Azoles Combinatorial Mixtures in Sertoli TM4 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1142. [PMID: 37371872 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazole and imidazole fungicides are an emerging class of contaminants with an increasing and ubiquitous presence in the environment. In mammals, their reproductive toxicity has been reported. Concerning male reproduction, a combinatorial activity of tebuconazole (TEB; triazole fungicide) and econazole (ECO; imidazole compound) in inducing mitochondrial impairment, energy depletion, cell cycle arrest, and the sequential activation of autophagy and apoptosis in Sertoli TM4 cells (SCs) has recently been demonstrated. Given the strict relationship between mitochondrial activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the causative role of oxidative stress (OS) in male reproductive dysfunction, the individual and combined potential of TEB and ECO in inducing redox status alterations and OS was investigated. Furthermore, considering the impact of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in modulating male fertility, protein expression levels were assessed. In the present study, we demonstrate that azoles-induced cytotoxicity is associated with a significant increase in ROS production, a drastic reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-S-transferase activity levels, and a marked increase in the levels of oxidized (GSSG) glutathione. Exposure to azoles also induced COX-2 expression and increased TNF-α production. Furthermore, pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) mitigates ROS accumulation, attenuates COX-2 expression and TNF-α production, and rescues SCs from azole-induced apoptosis, suggesting a ROS-dependent molecular mechanism underlying the azole-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Carnicelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Merghni A, Hamdi H, Ben Abdallah M, Al-Hasawi ZM, Al-Quwaie DA, Abid-Essefi S. Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Foodborne Pathogenic Strains and Assessment of Their Adhesion Ability and Cytotoxic Effects in HCT-116 Cells. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050974. [PMID: 36900491 PMCID: PMC10001405 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the high-threat pathogens equipped with a repertoire of virulence factors making it responsible for many infections in humans, including foodborne diseases. The present study aims to characterize antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in foodborne S. aureus isolates, and to investigate their cytotoxic effects in human intestinal cells (HCT-116). Our results revealed methicillin resistance phenotypes (MRSA) along with the detection of mecA gene (20%) among tested foodborne S. aureus strains. Furthermore, 40% of tested isolates showed a strong ability for adhesion and biofilm formation. A high rate of exoenzymes production by tested bacteria was also registered. Additionally, treatment with S. aureus extracts leads to a significant decrease in HCT-116 cell viability, accompanied by a reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Thereby, S. aureus food poisoning remains daunting and needs particular concern to prevent foodborne illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahmen Merghni
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Resistance LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1007, Tunisia
- Correspondence:
| | - Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ben Abdallah
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biologically Active Substances, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Zaki M. Al-Hasawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diana A. Al-Quwaie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, LR01SE17, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Xue P, Liu X, Shi X, Yuan H, Wang J, Zhang J, He Z. Stereoselective accumulation and biotransformation of chiral fungicide epoxiconazole and oxidative stress, detoxification, and endogenous metabolic disturbance in earthworm (Eisenia foetida). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159932. [PMID: 36343825 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
>80 % of applied pesticides in agriculture will enter the soil and be exposed to soil animals. Little is known about the stereoselective metabolic effects of epoxiconazole (EPO) on soil animals. In this study, EPO-mediated stereoselective enrichment, biotransformation, oxidative stress, detoxification, and global metabolic profiles in earthworms were investigated by exposure to EPO and its enantiomers at 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg doses. Preferential enrichment of (-)-EPO was observed, and the five transformation products (TPs) exhibited the chemically specific stereoselective accumulation with inconsistent configurations. Biochemical markers related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxification (·OH- content, SOD, CAT, GST, and CYP450 enzymes) showed a significant stereoselective activation overall at the low-level exposure (p-value <0.05). Based on untargeted metabolomic analysis, the steroid biosynthesis and ROS-related biotransformation, glutathione metabolism, TCA cycle, amino acid metabolism, purine and pyrimidine metabolism of earthworms were significantly interfered with by EPO and its enantiomer exposure. More pronounced stereoselectivity was observed at the level of the global metabolic profile, while comparable levels of metabolic perturbations were identified at the individual metabolite level. This study provides novel insights into the stereoselective effects of the chiral fungicide EPO, and valuable evidence for soil environmental risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xue
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiaomeng Shi
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Haiyue Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jiafu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- SCIEX, Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zeying He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Serra L, Bourdon G, Estienne A, Fréville M, Ramé C, Chevaleyre C, Didier P, Chahnamian M, Ganier P, Pinault F, Froment P, Dupont J. Triazole pesticides exposure impaired steroidogenesis associated to an increase in AHR and CAR expression in testis and altered sperm parameters in chicken. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:409-427. [PMID: 37025555 PMCID: PMC10070196 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since several decades, we observe the decline of various bird populations that could be partly linked to the agricultural intensification and the use of large amount of pesticides. Even if triazoles compounds are the most widely used fungicides, their effects on the reproductive parameters in birds are not clearly known. In the present study, we investigated the in vitro effects of 8 triazoles compounds alone (propiconazole (PP, from 0 to 10 µM), prothioconazole (PT), epoxiconazole (Epox), tetraconazole (TT), tebuconazole (TB), difenoconazole (Dif), cyproconazole (Cypro), metconazole (MC) (from 0 to 1 mM)) on the male chicken reproductive functions by using testis explants, primary Sertoli cells and sperm samples. In testis, all triazoles at the higher concentrations for 48 h inhibited lactate and testosterone secretion mostly in association with reduced expression of HSD3B and/or STAR mRNA levels. These data were also associated with increased expression of the nuclear receptors Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) and Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) mRNA levels in testis and for all triazoles except for PP a reduction in Sertoli cell viability. When focusing on the sperm parameters, we demonstrated that most of the triazoles (MC, Epox, Dif, TB, TT and Cypro) at 0.1 or 1 mM for either 2, 12 or 24 min of exposure decreased sperm motility and velocity and increased the percentage of spermatozoa abnormal morphology. At the opposite, PP increased sperm motility in a dose dependent manner after 2 min of exposure whereas no significant effect was observed in response to PT whatever the dose and the time of exposure. Moreover, these effects were associated with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species in spermatozoa. Taken together, most of the triazoles compounds impair testis steroidogenesis and semen parameters potentially through an increase in AHR and CAR expression and in oxidative stress, respectively. Data Availability Statement All the data will be available.
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Fludioxonil, a phenylpyrrol pesticide, induces Cytoskeleton disruption, DNA damage and apoptosis via oxidative stress on rat glioma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Relationship between the Antifungal Activity of Chitosan-Capsaicin Nanoparticles and the Oxidative Stress Response on Aspergillus parasiticus. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142774. [PMID: 35890550 PMCID: PMC9322876 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Aspergillus parasiticus is a contaminant in agricultural crops and its eradication involves the indiscriminate use of harmful synthetic pesticides. In the search for antifungal agents of natural origin, chitosan (Q) and capsaicin (C) are coupled in the form of nanoparticles (Np), which can possess a direct application under specific conditions. Due to their small size, Np can cross through the cell wall, taking the cells into a pro-oxidant environment known as “oxidative stress”, which presents when the reactive oxygen species (ROS) surpass the number of antioxidants in the cell. In the present investigation, nanoparticles of chitosan (Np Q) and nanoparticles of chitosan-capsaicin (Np QC) with an average diameter of 44.8 ± 20.6 nm and 111.1 ± 14.1 nm, respectively, were synthesized, and there was a zeta potential of + 25.6 ± 0.7 mV and + 26.8 ± 6.1 mV, respectively. The effect of the concentration of Np Q (A, B, C, and D), of Np QC (A, B, C, and D), and capsaicin in a solution (control) was evaluated on the viability of the spores, the accumulation of intracellular ROS, and the morphometric changes of A. parasiticus. Acute toxicity of the Np was determined utilizing bioassays with Artemia salina, and acute phytotoxicity was evaluated in lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa). According to ROS results, capsaicin (control) did not induce oxidative stress in the cell; otherwise, it was observed to have an elevated (p < 0.05) accumulation of ROS when the concentration of Np Q increased. For both, Np Q and Np QC, an inverse physiological pattern relating spore viability and ROS accumulation in the fungus was found; the viability of spores decreased as the ROS accumulation increased. The spore viability of A. parasiticus diminished upon increasing the concentration of chitosan (0.3−0.4 mg/mL) in the Np, while the intracellular accumulation of ROS increased proportionally to the concentration of the nanomaterials in the treatments of Np Q and Np QC. On the other hand, Np QC presented a lower (p < 0.05) toxicological effect in comparison with Np Q, which indicates that the incorporation of bioactive compounds, such as capsaicin, into nanoparticles of chitosan is a strategy that permits the reduction of the toxicity associated with nanostructured materials.
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Petricca S, Celenza G, Luzi C, Cinque B, Lizzi AR, Franceschini N, Festuccia C, Iorio R. Synergistic Activity of Ketoconazole and Miconazole with Prochloraz in Inducing Oxidative Stress, GSH Depletion, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in Mouse Sertoli TM4 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105429. [PMID: 35628239 PMCID: PMC9140920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triazole and imidazole fungicides represent an emerging class of pollutants with endocrine-disrupting properties. Concerning mammalian reproduction, a possible causative role of antifungal compounds in inducing toxicity has been reported, although currently, there is little evidence about potential cooperative toxic effects. Toxicant-induced oxidative stress (OS) may be an important mechanism potentially involved in male reproductive dysfunction. Thus, to clarify the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of azoles on male reproduction, the individual and combined potential of fluconazole (FCZ), prochloraz (PCZ), miconazole (MCZ), and ketoconazole (KCZ) in triggering in vitro toxicity, redox status alterations, and OS in mouse TM4 Sertoli cells (SCs) was investigated. In the present study, we demonstrate that KCZ and MCZ, alone or in synergistic combination with PCZ, strongly impair SC functions, and this event is, at least in part, ascribed to OS. In particular, azoles-induced cytotoxicity is associated with growth inhibitory effects, G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, imbalance of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) specific activity, glutathione (GSH) depletion, and apoptosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits ROS accumulation and rescues SCs from azole-induced apoptosis. PCZ alone exhibits only cytostatic and pro-oxidant properties, while FCZ, either individually or in combination, shows no cytotoxic effects up to 320 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Petricca
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Celenza
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Carla Luzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Lizzi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Nicola Franceschini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Festuccia
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.P.); (G.C.); (C.L.); (A.R.L.); (N.F.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +39-086-243-3443
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Le Corre L, Brulport A, Vaiman D, Chagnon MC. Epoxiconazole alters the histology and transcriptome of mouse liver in a transgenerational pattern. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 360:109952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hamdi H, Graiet I, Abid-Essefi S, Eyer J. Epoxiconazole profoundly alters rat brain and properties of neural stem cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132640. [PMID: 34695486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX), a widely used fungicide for domestic, medical, and industrial applications, could cause neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underling mechanism of neurotoxicity is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the possible toxic outcomes of Epoxiconzole, a triazole fungicide, on the brain of adult rats in vivo, and in vitro on neural stem cells derived from the subventricular zone of newborn Wistar rats. Our results revealed that oral exposure to EPX at these concentrations (8, 24, 40, 56 mg/kg bw representing respectively NOEL (no observed effect level), NOEL × 3, NOEL × 5, and NOEL × 7) for 28 days caused a considerable generation of oxidative stress in adult rat brain tissue. Furthermore, a significant augmentation in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation has been found. Moreover, it induced an elevation of DNA fragmentation as assessed by the Comet assay. Indeed, EPX administration impaired activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibited AChE activity. Concomitantly, this pesticide produced histological alterations in the brain of adult rats. Regarding the embryonic neural stem cells, we demonstrated that the treatment by EPX reduced the viability of cells with an IC50 of 10 μM. It also provoked the reduction of cell proliferation, and EPX triggered arrest in G1/S phase. The neurosphere formation and self-renewal capacity was reduced and associated with decreased differentiation. Moreover, EPX induced cytoskeleton disruption as evidenced by immunocytochemical analysis. Our findings also showed that EPX induced apoptosis as evidenced by a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) and an activation of caspase-3. In addition, EPX promoted ROS production in neural stem cells. Interestingly, the pretreatment of neural stem cells with the N-acetylcysteine (ROS scavenger) attenuated EPX-induced cell death, disruption of neural stem cells properties, ROS generation and apoptosis. Thus, the use of this hazardous material should be restricted and carefully regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Imen Graiet
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Biologie de La Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 49033, Angers, France.
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Epoxiconazole caused oxidative stress related DNA damage and apoptosis in PC12 rat Pheochromocytoma. Neurotoxicology 2022; 89:184-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Lee W, An G, Park H, Lim W, Song G. Diflubenzuron leads to apoptotic cell death through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine mammary epithelial cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104893. [PMID: 34301355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides, which are used in agriculture and forestry to eliminate insects, are a major cause of environmental pollution. Among them, diflubenzuron (DFB), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-difluorobenzoyl) urea, is a common benzoylurea insecticide that hinders larval development, primarily in Aedes aegypti larvae. Many experts have announced the biological toxicity of DFB in various species. However, the toxicity of benzoylurea pesticides, including DFB, to bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed the cytotoxic effects of DFB on the viability and proliferation of MAC-T cells. Additionally, we observed that DFB induced lipid peroxidation through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, resulting in an increase in transcriptional gene expression related to inflammatory response. Moreover, we demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction including depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, perturbation of calcium homeostasis, and, eventually, apoptosis. Furthermore, we identified DFB-triggered signaling pathways related to ROS generation and cell proliferation, as well as their interactions, by treating the cells with pharmacological inhibitors in combination with DFB. DFB attenuated the phosphorylation of AKT, P70S6K, S6, and ERK1/2 and facilitated the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun. These results show that DFB can induce apoptotic cell death via ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in MAC-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonghee Lee
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Garam An
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hahyun Park
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Xu J, Xiong H, Zhang X, Muhayimana S, Liu X, Xue Y, Huang Q. Comparative cytotoxic effects of five commonly used triazole alcohol fungicides on human cells of different tissue types. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:438-446. [PMID: 32180509 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1709377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of triazole fungicides makes people attach great concern over its adverse effects in mammalian. In this paper, cytotoxic effects of triazole alcohol fungicides (TAFs) were assessed on human HeLa, A549, HCT116 and K562 cells, and the potential mechanism of TAFs cytotoxicity was studied preliminarily. Results showed that TAFs had cytotoxicity on human cells with different level and cytotoxic selectivity. TAFs cytotoxicity was resonated with a typical hormetic biphasic dose action that produced a complex pattern of stimulatory or inhibitory effects on cell viability. Among the five TAFs, diniconazole revealed a widest range of cytotoxicity to inhibit the viability of the adherent and the suspension cells, causing HeLa cells shrinkage, A549 cells shrunken, and K562 cells collapse, and showed stronger cytotoxicity than hexaconazole. Moreover, the involvement of ROS generation in the cytotoxicity of TAFs on human cells was observed, and the apoptosis of HeLa cells and the formation of apoptotic body in K562 cells induced by diniconazole were characterized. The results indicated the cytotoxicity of TAFs with different structures on human cells was depended on their own property and cell specificity, K562 cells were the most susceptible to TAFs and diniconazole was the strongest toxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuyong Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xianfei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Solange Muhayimana
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yufan Xue
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China
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15
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Li M, Xu G, Yu R, Wang Y, Yu Y. Uptake and accumulation of pentachloronitrobenzene in pak choi and the human health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2020; 42:109-120. [PMID: 31037581 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, nanocarbon is widely employed to enwrap into fertilizers. However, the influence of nanocarbon on the transportation of contaminants from soil to plants and its mechanism remain unclear. In this study, pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), a typical organochlorine fungicide utilized all over the world, was chosen as the target contaminant to investigate the influence of nanocarbon on its transportation in soil-pak choi system. The maximum PCNB concentration in the root and leaf reached to 112 and 86 ng/g, respectively, demonstrating that PCNB would be absorbed by pak choi. The ratio of PCNB between leaf and root indicated that nanocarbon promoted root of pak choi to absorb PCNB. The transportation of PCNB inside plant was inhibited when pak choi was planted in soil containing higher concentration of nanocarbon. Human risk assessment showed that people consuming the pak choi in this study would not experience risk. However, in vitro toxicity test indicated that PCNB could directly impair intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2 cells) and thus pose a potential risk to human intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guanghui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
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Jia L, Yang J, Zhao W, Jing X. Air-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of the aqueous phase for the determination of triazole fungicides in water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36664-36669. [PMID: 35547267 PMCID: PMC9087865 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07348e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly approach was introduced to determine triazole fungicides in water samples by air-assisted ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of the aqueous phase using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. Ionic liquid was applied as the extraction solvent rather than a high-toxicity extraction solvent. The air-assisted dispersion method induced a trace amount of the ionic liquid to disperse as small droplets in the water sample, which significantly increased the contact area between the organic phase and the aqueous phase for the rapid transfer of target fungicides without using a dispersion solvent or auxiliary extraction devices. The solidification of the aqueous phase facilitated the collection of extraction solvent. The type of extraction solvent, the volume ratio of the extraction solvent to the water sample, the number of extraction cycles, the addition of NaCl, and pH values were evaluated. The recoveries were 72.65-100.13% with a relative standard deviation of 0.92% to 5.99%. The limits of quantification varied from 0.65 ng mL-1 to 1.83 ng mL-1. This approach can be used to determine fungicides in ground, river, and lake water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi 030801 P. R. China +86-354-6288325
| | - Jingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University Nanchang Jiangxi 330047 China
| | - Wenfei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi 030801 P. R. China +86-354-6288325
| | - Xu Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu Shanxi 030801 P. R. China +86-354-6288325
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Hamdi H, Abid-Essefi S, Eyer J. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of epoxiconazole on F98 glioma cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 229:314-323. [PMID: 31078888 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epoxiconazole (EPX) is a very effective fungicide of the triazole family. Given its wide spectrum of use, the increased application of this pesticide may represent a serious risk on human health. Previous studies have found that EPX is cytotoxic to cells, although the exact mechanism remains elusive. In particular, the effect on the nervous system is poorly elucidated. Here we evaluated the implication of oxidative stress in the neurotoxicity and studied its apoptotic mechanism of action. We demonstrated that the treatment by EPX reduces the viability of cells in a dose dependent manner with an IC50 of 50 μM. It also provokes the reduction of cell proliferation. EPX could trigger arrest in G1/S phase of cell cycle with low doses, however with IC50, it induced an accumulation of F98 cells in G2/M phase. Moreover, EPX induced cytoskeleton disruption as evidenced by immunocytochemical analysis. It provoked also DNA fragmentation in a concentration dependent manner. The EPX induced apoptosis, which was observed by morphological changes and by positive Annexin V FITC-PI staining concurrent with a depolarization of mitochondria. Furthermore, the cell mortality provoked by EPX was significantly reduced by pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK, a caspase inhibitor. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) strongly restores cell viability that has been inhibited by EPX. The results of these findings highlight the implication of ROS generation in the neurotoxicity induced by EPX, indicating that the production of ROS is the main cause of the induction of apoptosis probably via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Hamdi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia; Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Avicenne Street, Monastir, 5019, Tunisia
| | - Joel Eyer
- Laboratoire Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm 1066, CNRS 6021, Institut de Biologie de la Santé, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Angers, 49033, France.
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