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Lu Y, Li D, Ai H, Xie X, Jiang X, Afrasiyab, Zhang H, Xu J, Huang S. Glucose-regulated protein 94 facilitates the proliferation of the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus via inhibiting apoptosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127158. [PMID: 37802442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose regulatory protein 94 (GRP94) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident member of the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) family, that plays an important role in secreted protein folding. Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is one of the main pathogens in sericulture, causing serious economic losses every year. Previous studies showed that HSP90 members promote BmNPV replication in silkworm, but the function of BmGRP94 in BmNPV infection and proliferation is still not understood. In this study, we investigated the interplay between BmGRP94 and BmNPV infection in silkworm. We first identified a single gene of BmGRP94 in the Bombyx mori genome, which encodes a polypeptide with 810 amino acids in length. Spatio-temporal expression profiles showed that BmGRP94 was highly expressed in hemocytes and midgut, and was significantly induced by BmNPV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of BmGRP94 facilitates viral proliferation, while BmGRP94 inhibition evidently decreased BmNPV proliferation in BmN cells and in silkworm midgut. Mechanistically, BmGRP94 inhibition triggers ER stress, as judged by increased expression of PERK/ATF4/ERO1, H2O2 production, and ER calcium efflux, which promotes cell apoptosis to restrict BmNPV replication in silkworm. These results suggest that BmGRP94 plays an important role in facilitating BmNPV proliferation, and provides a potential molecular target for BmNPV prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Danting Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Heng Ai
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiuzhi Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Afrasiyab
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hualing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Characteristic Horticultural Biological Resources, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
| | - Shoujun Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Resource Insect Biology and Innovative Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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BmNPV Orf 65 (Bm65) Is Identified as an Endonuclease Directly Facilitating UV-Induced DNA Damage Repair. J Virol 2022; 96:e0055722. [PMID: 35862702 PMCID: PMC9327686 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00557-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses have been used as biopesticides for the control of Lepidoptera larvae. However, solar UV radiation reduces the activity of baculovirus. In this study, an UV endonuclease, Bm65, was found encoded in the genome of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV). Bm65 (the ortholog of AcMNPV orf79) was guided by a key nuclear localization signal to enter the nucleus and accumulated at UV-induced DNA damage sites. Subsequent results further showed that Bm65-mediated DNA damage repair was not the only UV damage repair pathway of BmNPV. BmNPV also used host DNA repair proteins to repair UV-induced DNA damage. In summary, these results revealed that Bm65 was very important in UV-induced DNA damage repair of BmNPV, and BmNPV repaired UV-damaged DNA through a variety of ways. IMPORTANCE Baculovirus biopesticides are environmentally friendly insecticides and specifically infect invertebrates. UV radiation from the sunlight greatly reduces the activity of baculovirus biopesticides. However, the molecular mechanisms of most baculoviruses to repair UV-induced DNA damage remain unclear. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major DNA repair pathway that removes UV-induced DNA lesions. At present, there are few reports about the nucleotide excision repair pathway in viruses. Here, we showed for the first time that the baculovirus Bm65 endonuclease actually cleaved UV-damaged DNA. Meanwhile, we found that BmNPV used both viral-encoded enzymes and host DNA damage repair proteins to reverse UV-induced DNA damage. These results will provide a reference for the research of UV damage repair of other viruses.
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