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Zhang Y, He K, Guo X, Jiang J, Qian L, Xu J, Che Z, Huang X, Liu S. Transcriptomic Profiling of Fusarium pseudograminearum in Response to Carbendazim, Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole, and Phenamacril. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9030334. [PMID: 36983502 PMCID: PMC10057576 DOI: 10.3390/jof9030334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium pseudograminearum has been identified as a significant pathogen. It causes Fusarium crown rot (FCR), which occurs in several major wheat-producing areas in China. Chemical control is the primary measure with which to control this disease. In this study, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was used to determine the different mechanisms of action of four frequently used fungicides including carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and phenamacril on F. pseudograminearum. In brief, 381, 1896, 842, and 814 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under the carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, and phenamacril treatments, respectively. After the joint analysis, 67 common DEGs were obtained, and further functional analysis showed that the ABC transported pathway was significantly enriched. Moreover, FPSE_04130 (FER6) and FPSE_11895 (MDR1), two important ABC multidrug transporter genes whose expression levels simultaneously increased, were mined under the different treatments, which unambiguously demonstrated the common effects. In addition, Mfuzz clustering analysis and WGCNA analysis revealed that the core DEGs are involved in several critical pathways in each of the four treatment groups. Taken together, these genes may play a crucial function in the mechanisms of F. pseudograminearum's response to the fungicides stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Kai He
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security and School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuhao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jia Jiang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
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Kulik T, Molcan T, Fiedorowicz G, van Diepeningen A, Stakheev A, Treder K, Olszewski J, Bilska K, Beyer M, Pasquali M, Stenglein S. Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis for typing the pandemic pathogen Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:885978. [PMID: 35923405 PMCID: PMC9339996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.885978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements in microbiology and molecular epidemiology were largely stimulated by whole- genome sequencing (WGS), which provides an unprecedented resolution in discriminating highly related genetic backgrounds. WGS is becoming the method of choice in epidemiology of fungal diseases, but its application is still in a pioneer stage, mainly due to the limited number of available genomes. Fungal pathogens often belong to complexes composed of numerous cryptic species. Detecting cryptic diversity is fundamental to understand the dynamics and the evolutionary relationships underlying disease outbreaks. In this study, we explore the value of whole-genome SNP analyses in identification of the pandemic pathogen Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (F.g.). This species is responsible for cereal diseases and negatively impacts grain production worldwide. The fungus belongs to the monophyletic fungal complex referred to as F. graminearum species complex including at least sixteen cryptic species, a few among them may be involved in cereal diseases in certain agricultural areas. We analyzed WGS data from a collection of 99 F.g. strains and 33 strains representing all known cryptic species belonging to the FGSC complex. As a first step, we performed a phylogenomic analysis to reveal species-specific clustering. A RAxML maximum likelihood tree grouped all analyzed strains of F.g. into a single clade, supporting the clustering-based identification approach. Although, phylogenetic reconstructions are essential in detecting cryptic species, a phylogenomic tree does not fulfill the criteria for rapid and cost-effective approach for identification of fungi, due to the time-consuming nature of the analysis. As an alternative, analysis of WGS information by mapping sequence data from individual strains against reference genomes may provide useful markers for the rapid identification of fungi. We provide a robust framework for typing F.g. through the web-based PhaME workflow available at EDGE bioinformatics. The method was validated through multiple comparisons of assembly genomes to F.g. reference strain PH-1. We showed that the difference between intra- and interspecies variability was at least two times higher than intraspecific variation facilitating successful typing of F.g. This is the first study which employs WGS data for typing plant pathogenic fusaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
- *Correspondence: Tomasz Kulik,,
| | - Tomasz Molcan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Fiedorowicz
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anne van Diepeningen
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Stakheev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kinga Treder
- Department of Agriculture Systems, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Bilska
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marco Beyer
- Agro-Environmental Systems, Environmental Monitoring and Sensing Unit, Department of Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastian Stenglein
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Tandil, Argentina
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Chtioui W, Balmas V, Delogu G, Migheli Q, Oufensou S. Bioprospecting Phenols as Inhibitors of Trichothecene-Producing Fusarium: Sustainable Approaches to the Management of Wheat Pathogens. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:72. [PMID: 35202101 PMCID: PMC8875213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are ubiquitous fungi able to cause Fusarium head blight and Fusarium foot and root rot on wheat. Among relevant pathogenic species, Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum cause significant yield and quality loss and result in contamination of the grain with mycotoxins, mainly type B trichothecenes, which are a major health concern for humans and animals. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are being increasingly explored as fungicides on those pathogens. This review summarizes recent research activities related to the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic activity of natural phenolic compounds against Fusarium, including studies into the mechanisms of action of major exogenous phenolic inhibitors, their structure-activity interaction, and the combined effect of these compounds with other natural products or with conventional fungicides in mycotoxin modulation. The role of high-throughput analysis tools to decipher key signaling molecules able to modulate the production of mycotoxins and the development of sustainable formulations enhancing potential inhibitors' efficacy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chtioui
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
| | - Giovanna Delogu
- Istituto CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Safa Oufensou
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (W.C.); (V.B.); (Q.M.)
- Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via E. De Nicola 9, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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Tava V, Prigitano A, Cortesi P, Esposto MC, Pasquali M. Fusarium musae from Diseased Bananas and Human Patients: Susceptibility to Fungicides Used in Clinical and Agricultural Settings. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7090784. [PMID: 34575822 PMCID: PMC8467134 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium musae belongs to the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex. It causes crown rot disease in banana but also keratitis and skin infections as well as systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal treatments in clinical and agricultural settings rely mostly on molecules belonging to the azole class. Given the potential risk of pathogen spread from food to clinical settings, the goal of the work was to define the level of susceptibility to different azoles of a worldwide population of F. musae. Eight fungicides used in agriculture and five antifungals used in clinical settings (4 azoles and amphotericin B) were tested using the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) protocol methodology on 19 F. musae strains collected from both infected patients and bananas. The level of susceptibility to the different active molecules was not dependent on the source of isolation with the exception of fenbuconazole and difenoconazole which had a higher efficiency on banana-isolated strains. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the different molecules ranged from 0.12–0.25 mg/L for prochloraz to more than 16 mg/L for tetraconazole and fenbuconazole. Compared to the F. verticillioides, F. musae MICs were higher suggesting the importance of monitoring the potential future spread of this species also in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Tava
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Anna Prigitano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.E.)
| | - Paolo Cortesi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.T.); (P.C.)
| | - Maria Carmela Esposto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.E.)
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (V.T.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhao Y, Chi M, Sun H, Qian H, Yang J, Huang J. The FgCYP51B Y123H Mutation Confers Reduced Sensitivity to Prochloraz and Is Important for Conidiation and Ascospore Development in Fusarium graminearum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1420-1427. [PMID: 33399013 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0431-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the most important causal agents of Fusarium head blight disease and is controlled mainly by chemicals such as demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. FgCYP51B is one of the DMI targets in F. graminearum, and Tyrosine123 (Y123) is an important amino acid in F. graminearum CYP51B, located in one of predicted substrate binding pockets based on the binding mode between DMIs and CYP51B. Previous studies suggest that resistance to DMI fungicides is attributed primarily to point mutations in the CYP51 gene and that the Y123H mutation in F. verticillioides CYP51 confers prochloraz resistance in the laboratory. To investigate the function of FgCYP51B Y123 residue in the growth and development, pathogenicity, and DMI resistance, we generated and analyzed the FgCYP51B Y123H mutant. Results revealed that the Y123H mutation led to reduced conidial sporulation and affected ascospore development; moreover, the mutation conferred reduced sensitivity to prochloraz. Quantitative PCR and molecular docking were performed to investigate the resistance mechanism. Results indicated that Y123H mutation changed the target gene expression and decreased the binding affinity of FgCYP51 to prochloraz. These results will attract more attention to the potential DMI-resistant mutation of F. graminearum and increase our understanding of the DMI resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Zhao
- College of Plant Health and Medicine and Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Mengyu Chi
- College of Plant Health and Medicine and Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hunlin Sun
- College of Plant Health and Medicine and Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hengwei Qian
- College of Plant Health and Medicine and Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinguang Huang
- College of Plant Health and Medicine and Key Lab of Integrated Crop Disease and Pest Management of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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