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Sun Y, Jin B, Yang J, Liu B, Li T, Zhang X, Chen X, Chen Y. Risk assessment of resistance to prochloraz in Phoma arachidicola causing peanut web blotch. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 203:106025. [PMID: 39084764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Peanut web blotch (PWB) caused by Phoma arachidicola, is one of the most serious foliar diseases of peanut. Although prochloraz is an active fungicide with broad anti-fungal spectrum, it has not been registered for the control of PWB in China. The activity of prochloraz against P. arachidicola and the risk of resistance to prochloraz in P. arachidicola are still unclear. In current study, the inhibitory activity of prochloraz against 96 P. arachidicola strains was determined with the average EC50 value of 1.2700 ± 0.7786 μg/mL. Prochloraz exhibited excellent protective and curative effect on detached peanut leaves, and the effect was obviously better than that of carbendazim and difenoconazole at the same concentration. After prochloraz treatment, the mycelium of P. arachidicola contorted, shrunk and ruptured, with shrinking of cell wall and membrane, enhanced cell membrane permeability, and reduced ergosterol content. Totally 80 prochloraz-resistant mutants were obtained by fungicide adaptation with the frequency of 6.7 × 10-3. All the selected 12 prochloraz-resistant mutants lost their resistance to prochloraz after 10 transfers on PDA plates. And these mutants exhibited decreased biological fitness in mycelial growth and pathogenicity. Moreover, there was positive cross-resistance between prochloraz and other demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides, such as tebuconazole, triflumizole and difenoconazole, but no cross-resistance was found between prochloraz and other classes of fungicides, such as carbendazim, pydiflumetofen or fludioxonil. Overexpression of PaCYP51 and PaAtrB genes were detected in the resistant mutants. All the above results demonstrated that prochloraz has a great potential in management of PWB. The risk of P. arachidicola developing resistance to prochloraz is relatively low-to-medium. Overexpressing of PaCYP51 and PaAtrB might be linked to prochloraz resistance in P. arachidicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bingbing Jin
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Shandong Peanut Research Institute, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-products Quality and Biosafety (Anhui Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230036, China; Anhui Province Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Chen G, Bai J, Wu X, Huo X, Li Y, Lei P, Ma Z. Amphiphilic amidines as potential plasmic membrane-targeting antifungal agents: synthesis, bio-activities and QSAR. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38877543 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) possess broad-spectrum biological activities with less inclination to inducing antibiotic resistance. Herein a battery of amphiphilic amidines were designed by mimicking the characteristics of AMPs. The antifungal activities and the effects to the hyphal morphology and membrane permeability were investigated. RESULTS The results indicated the inhibitory rates of ten compounds were over 80% to Botrytis cinerea and ten compounds over 90% to Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada at 50 mg L-1. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of compound 5g and 6g to V. mali were 1.21 and 1.90 mg L-1 respectively. The protective rate against apple canker of compound 5g reached 93.4% at 100 mg L-1 on twigs, superior to carbendazim (53.3%). When treated with 5g, the cell membrane permeability and leakage of content of V. mali increased, accompanied with the decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) level. Concurrently, the mycelial hyphae contracted, wrinkled, and collapsed, providing evidence of membrane perturbation. A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) between the topic compounds and the EC50 to V. mali was established showing good predictability (r2 = 0.971). CONCLUSION Amphiphilic amidines can acquire antifungal activities by acting on the plasmic membrane. Compound 5g could be a promising lead in discovering novel fungicidal candidates. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyou Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinyan Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinyi Huo
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Liu H, Cai C, Zhang X, Li W, Ma Z, Feng J, Liu X, Lei P. Discovery of Novel Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Fungicide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2492-2500. [PMID: 38271672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Structural diversity derivatization from natural products is an important and effective method of discovering novel green pesticides. Cinnamic acids are abundant in plants, and their unparalleled structures endow them with various excellent biological activities. A series of novel cinnamic oxime esters were designed and synthesized to develop high antifungal agrochemicals. The antifungal activity, structure-activity relationship, and action mechanism were systematically studied. Compounds 7i, 7u, 7v, and 7x exhibited satisfactory activity against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, with inhibition rates of ≥90% at 50 μg/mL. Compounds 7z and 7n demonstrated excellent activities against Valsa mali and Botrytis cinerea, with median effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.71 and 1.41 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 7z exhibited 100% protective and curative activities against apple Valsa canker at 200 μg/mL. The control effects of 7n against gray mold on tomato fruits and leaves were all >96%, exhibiting superior or similar effects to those of the commercial fungicide boscalid. Furthermore, the quantitative structure-activity relationship was established to guide the further design of higher-activity compounds. The preliminary results on the action mechanism revealed that 7n treatment could disrupt the function of the nucleus and mitochondria, leading to reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell membrane damage. Its primary biochemical mechanism may be inhibiting fungal ergosterol biosynthesis. The novel structure, simple synthesis, and excellent activity of cinnamic oxime esters render them promising potential fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chonglin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingjia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenkui Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juntao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
- Shaanxi Research Center of Biopesticide Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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He HW, Xu D, Wu KH, Lu ZY, Liu X, Xu G. Discovery of novel salicylaldehyde derivatives incorporating an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety as fungicidal agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5015-5028. [PMID: 37544900 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes pose a serious threat to ensuring crop yield and quality. Finding novel fungicidal candidates based on natural products is one of the critical methods for developing effective and environmentally friendly pesticides. In this study, a series of salicylaldehyde derivatives containing an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone moiety were designed, synthesized, and their fungicidal activities were evaluated. RESULTS The bioassay studies indicated that compound C3 displayed an excellent in vitro activity against Rhizoctonia solani with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) value of 0.65 μg/mL, higher than that of pyraclostrobin (EC50 = 1.44 μg/mL) and comparable to that of carbendazim (EC50 = 0.33 μg/mL). For Valsa mali and Phytophthora capsici, compound C3 also showed good fungicidal activities with EC50 values of 0.91 and 1.33 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, compound C3 exhibited promising protective in vivo activity against R. solani (84.1%) at 100 μg/mL, which was better than that of pyraclostrobin (78.4%). The pot experiment displayed that compound C3 had 74.8% protective efficacy against R. solani at 200 μg/mL, which was comparable to that of validamycin (78.2%). The antifungal mode of action research indicated that compound C3 could change the mycelial morphology and ultrastructure, increase cell membrane permeability, affect respiratory metabolism by binding to complex III, and inhibit the germination and formation of sclerotia, thereby effectively controlling the disease. CONCLUSION The present study provides support for the application of these salicylaldehyde derivatives as promising potential pesticides with remarkable and broad-spectrum fungicidal activities against phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes in crop protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Ke-Huan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zheng-Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
| | - Gong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling, China
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Wang D, Lv L, Gao Z, Zhu YC, Weng H, Yang G, Wang Y. Joint toxic effects of thiamethoxam and flusilazole on the adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120806. [PMID: 36470454 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Insect pollinators are routinely exposed to a complex mixture of many pesticides. However, traditional environmental risk assessment is only carried out based on ecotoxicological data of single substances. In this context, we aimed to explore the potential effects when worker honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) were simultaneously challenged by thiamethoxam (TMX) and flusilazole (FSZ). Results displayed that TMX possessed higher toxicity to A. mellifera (96-h LC50 value of 0.11 mg a. i. L-1) than FSZ (96-h LC50 value of 738 mg a. i. L-1). Furthermore, the mixture of TMX and FSZ exhibited an acute synergistic impact on the pollinators. Meanwhile, the activities of SOD, caspase 3, caspase 9, and PPO, as well as the expressions of six genes (abaecin, dorsal-2, defensin-2, vtg, caspase-1, and CYP6AS14) associated with oxidative stress, immune response, lifespan, cell apoptosis, and detoxification metabolism were noteworthily varied in the individual and mixture challenges than at the baseline level. These data revealed that it is imminently essential to investigate the combined toxicity of pesticides since the toxicity evaluation from individual compounds toward honey bees may underestimate the toxicity in realistic conditions. Overall, the present results could help understand the potential contribution of pesticide mixtures to the decline of bee populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dou Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Zhongwen Gao
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), 141 Experiment Station Road, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Hongbiao Weng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Guiling Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products / Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues and Control of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, Zhejiang, PR China.
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Potential Value of Wood Tar as a Natural Fungicide against Valsa mali. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051531. [PMID: 35268633 PMCID: PMC8911778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Valsa canker caused by Valsa mali seriously harmed the production of East Asian apples and caused very significant economic losses. Considering the chemical residues and the improvement of people’s awareness of environmental protection, there is a need for screening new green pesticides for the control of Valsa canker. Therefore, we conducted systematic evaluations on the antifungal activity of wood tar. In this research, the effective concentration (EC50) of six strains of V. mali to wood tar was determined, and the EC50 ranged from 69.54 to 92.81 μg/mL. After treatment with wood tar, the hyphae of V. mali broke, swelled, and deformed; the permeability of the cell membrane increased; and the activity of pectinase reduced. Moreover, the expression levels of five genes related to pectinase also decreased significantly. In addition, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) of apple leaves treated with wood tar also increased. On detached apple branches, wood tar also showed therapeutic and protective activities. In the 2016–2019 field experiments, wood tar also showed good efficacy against Valsa canker and promoted the formation of callus. (In the experiments from 2016 to 2019, it can be seen that the control effect of 50% wood tar and 100% wood tar in the field is above 75% and promoted the formation of callus.) This study is the first to report the bidirectional efficacy of wood tar against Valsa mali and for trunk wound healing. The above results evidenced that wood tar has great potential to be developed as a natural alternative to commercial fungicides for the management of apple Valsa canker.
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