1
|
Geng T, Pan L, Liu X, Dong D, Cui B, Guo L, Yuan C, Zhao M, Zhao H. Novel a-linolenic acid emulsions stabilized by octenyl succinylated starch -soy protein-epigallocatechin-3-gallate complexes: Characterization and antioxidant analysis. Food Chem 2024; 446:138878. [PMID: 38432138 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, octenyl succinylated starch (OSAS)-soy protein (SP)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) complexes were designed to enhance the physical and oxidative stability of α-linolenic acid emulsions. Formations of OSAS-SP-EGCG complexes were confirmed via particle size, ξ-potential, together with fourier transform infrared (FTIR). A mixing ratio of 1:2 for OSAS to SP-EGCG resulted in ternary complexes with the highest contact angle (59.69°), indicating the hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the characteristics of α-linolenic acid emulsions (oil phase volume fractions (φ) of 10% and 20%) stabilized by OSAS-SP-EGCG complexes were investigated, including particle size, ξ-potential, emulsion stability, oxidative stability, and microstructure. These results revealed exceptional physical stability together with enhanced oxidative stability for these emulsions. Particularly, emulsions utilizing complexes having a 1:2 OSAS to SP-EGCG ratio exhibited superior emulsion stability. These findings provide theoretical support to the development of emulsions containing high levels of α-linolenic acid and for the broader application of α-linolenic acid in food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tenglong Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Lidan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Die Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Bo Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Haibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China; School of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hasanpour M, Rezaie A, Iranshahy M, Yousefi M, Saberi S, Iranshahi M. 1H NMR-based metabolomics study of the lipid profile of omega-3 fatty acid supplements and some vegetable oils. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 238:115848. [PMID: 37948777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, which consist of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that are crucial for enhancing human health. These three omega-3s are regarded as vital dietary nutrients because it cannot synthesize them on its own. Therefore, they must be obtained through dietary sources. On the other hands, there are concerns regarding the quality and quantity of omega-3 in dietary sources and supplements. In this study, 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis were harnessed for non-destructive profiling of fatty acids in commercially available omega-3 supplements and plant-based oils. Results disclosed substantial disparities in omega-3 content from 8 to over 50 %, with some revealing unexpected adulteration. Notably, in one fish oil sample DHA could not be detected indicating the possibility of adulteration. Additionally, the research delineated the fatty acid composition of plant-based oils, emphasizing variations in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA) content among flaxseed, chia seed, and walnut oils. Chia seeds emerged as a rich source of ALA (57-65 %mol), while walnuts contained considerable LA (44-53 % mol). The findings emphasize the power of metabolomics as a rapid and affordable tool for finding omega-3 fatty acids content and adulteration in commercial dietary products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maede Hasanpour
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Rezaie
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Yousefi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Satar Saberi
- Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Q, Wang W, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zou Q, Yan M, Liu X, Lan D, Wang Y. Assessing the nutritional quality of lipid components in commercial meal replacement shakes using an in vitro digestion model. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 7:100568. [PMID: 37654441 PMCID: PMC10465867 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the nutritional value of five commercial meal-replacement shakes, and mainly focused on the lipid digestion fates and fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability. Four out of five samples exhibited a low lipolysis level (37.33-61.42%), aligning with the intended objectives of these products. Although the remaining sample rich in diacylglycerol (DAG) had a higher lipolysis level (80.83%), the inherent low-calorie nature of DAG might compensate for this drawback. The release level of individual fatty acid was largely determined by the glycerolipid composition. Moreover, the strong positive correlation between lipid hydrolyzed products amounts and the fat-soluble vitamin bioavailability was observed. Surprisingly, one out of five samples can provide enough vitamin A and vitamin E for consumers as a total replacement of one or two regular meals. Consequently, the meal-replacement shakes hold the potential to emerge as healthy products for this fast-paced era if the composition and structure were carefully designed and calculated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510610, PR China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag, 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Qian Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Menglei Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, PR China
- Guangdong Yue-shan Special Nutrition Technology Co. Ltd., Foshan, 528000, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Q, Wang W, Sun-Waterhouse D, Yan M, Zou Q, Liu X, Lan D, Wang Y. Exploring the fates and molecular changes of different diacylglycerol-rich lipids during in vitro digestion. Food Chem 2023; 416:135677. [PMID: 36898341 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to support the pursuit of healthy oils and investigate the relationships between lipid compositions and digestion fates of diacylglycerol (DAG)-rich lipids using an in vitro digestion model. Soybean-, olive-, rapeseed-, camellia-, and linseed-based DAG-rich lipids (termed SD, OD, RD, CD, and LD, respectively) were selected. These lipids exhibited identical lipolysis degrees (92.20-94.36 %) and digestion rates (0.0403-0.0466 s-1). The lipid structure (DAG or triacylglycerol) was a more important factor affecting the lipolysis degree than other indices (glycerolipid composition and fatty acid composition). For RD, CD and LD with similar fatty acid compositions, the same fatty acid had different release levels, probably due to their different glycerolipid compositions (causing different distributions of the fatty acid in UU-DAG, USa-DAG and SaSa-DAG; U: unsaturated fatty acids, Sa: saturated fatty acids). This study provides insights into the digestion behaviors of different DAG-rich lipids and supports their food or pharmaceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Menglei Yan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Youmei Institute of Inteligent Bio-manufacturing Co., Ltd, Foshan, Guangdong 528200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xue YF, Fu C, Chai CY, Liao FF, Chen BJ, Wei SZ, Wang R, Gao H, Fan TT, Chai YR. Engineering the Staple Oil Crop Brassica napus Enriched with α-Linolenic Acid Using the Perilla FAD2- FAD3 Fusion Gene. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7324-7333. [PMID: 37130169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Modern people generally suffer from α-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency, since most staple food oils are low in ALA content. Thus, the enhancement of ALA in staple oil crops is of importance. In this study, the FAD2 and FAD3 coding regions from the ALA-king species Perilla frutescens were fused using a newly designed double linker LP4-2A, driven by a seed-specific promoter PNAP, and engineered into a rapeseed elite cultivar ZS10 with canola quality background. The mean ALA content in the seed oil of PNAP:PfFAD2-PfFAD3 (N23) T5 lines was 3.34-fold that of the control (32.08 vs 9.59%), with the best line being up to 37.47%. There are no significant side effects of the engineered constructs on the background traits including oil content. In fatty acid biosynthesis pathways, the expression levels of structural genes as well as regulatory genes were significantly upregulated in N23 lines. On the other hand, the expression levels of genes encoding the positive regulators of flavonoid-proanthocyanidin biosynthesis but negative regulators of oil accumulation were significantly downregulated. Surprisingly, the ALA level in PfFAD2-PfFAD3 transgenic rapeseed lines driven by the constitutive promoter PD35S was not increased or even showed a slight decrease due to the lower level of foreign gene expression and downregulation of the endogenous orthologous genes BnFAD2 and BnFAD3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fei Xue
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng-Yan Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fei-Fei Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bao-Jun Chen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Song-Zhen Wei
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Teng-Teng Fan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - You-Rong Chai
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture of Ministry of Education, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Q, Qin X, Lan D, Liu X, Yang B, Liao S, Wang W, Wang Y. Water-in-oil emulsions enriched with alpha-linolenic acid in diacylglycerol form: Stability, formation mechanism and in vitro digestion analysis. Food Chem 2022; 391:133201. [PMID: 35609461 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study developed an alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) supplement with emulsion form using ALA-rich diacylglycerol (ALA-DAG) and ALA-DAG stearin (DAG-SF) as a new source of ALA and emulsifier. Stable, commercial surfactant-free W/O emulsions with 90 wt% oil phase (including DAG-SF and ALA-DAG with 10:90 - 20:80 wt ratio) was fabricated. Microstructure and Raman spectra revealed that the compact crystal networks and high amounts of solid acyl chains were responsible for high emulsion stability. These emulsions exhibited good potential in improving the ALA nutritional status (with ALA release level of 60.49% - 62.98%). Furthermore, the emulsifier-to-oil ratio greatly impacted the emulsion texture (solid-like or liquid-like) and emulsions showed great oxidation stability (2.80 - 3.09 meq/kg lipid of peroxide value at 6th week). The tunable texture and high oxidation stability make this emulsion system useful for a wide range of food products. This developed emulsion system could provide valuable information for other important fatty acids supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Xuan Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Sericultural and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510610, PR China.
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balas L, Dey SK, Béraud-Dufour S, Riechers DE, Landau OA, Bertrand-Michel J, Durand T, Blondeau N. Linotrins: Omega-3 oxylipins featuring an E,Z,E conjugated triene motif are present in the plant kingdom and alleviate inflammation in LPS-challenged microglial cells. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
8
|
Xu Q, Lan D, Liu X, Yang B, Sun-Waterhouse D, Liao S, Wang W, Wang Y. Enzymatic deacidification of alpha-linolenic acid -enriched oils with negligible change in triacylglycerol composition. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Mondor M, Hernández‐Álvarez AJ. Camelina sativa
Composition, Attributes, and Applications: A Review. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mondor
- St‐Hyacinthe Research and Development Centre Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada 3600 Casavant Blvd. West, St‐Hyacinthe Quebec J2S 8E3 Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) Université Laval Quebec QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rostamabadi H, Falsafi SR, Rostamabadi MM, Assadpour E, Jafari SM. Electrospraying as a novel process for the synthesis of particles/nanoparticles loaded with poorly water-soluble bioactive molecules. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102384. [PMID: 33706198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobicity and low aqueous-solubility of different drugs/nutraceuticals remain a persistent challenge for their development and clinical/food applications. A range of nanotechnology strategies have been implemented to address this issue, and amongst which a particular emphasis has been made on those that afford an improved biological performance and tunable release kinetic of bioactives through a one-step process. More recently, the technique of electrospraying (or electrohydrodynamic atomization) has attained notable impulse in virtue of its potential to tune attributes of nano/micro-structured particles (e.g., porosity, particle size, etc.), rendering a near zero-order release kinetics, diminished burst release manner, as well as its simplicity, reproducibility, and applicability to a broad spectrum of hydrophobic and poorly water-soluble bioactives. Controlled morphology or monodispersity of designed particles could be properly obtained via electrospraying, with a high encapsulation efficiency and without unfavorable denaturation of thermosensitive bioactives upon encapsulation. This paper overviews the recent technological advances in electrospraying for the encapsulation of low queues-soluble bioactive agents. State-of-the-art, advantages, applications, and challenges for its implementation in pharmaceutical/food researches are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Rostamabadi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Seid Reza Falsafi
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Rostamabadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Elham Assadpour
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dıraman H, Karaman HT, Sefer F, Ersoy N, Arsel AH. Using Nutritional Lipid and Sensorial Profiles for the Characterization of Turkish Olive (Memecik X Gemlik cv) Hybrids obtained from Controlled Crossbreeding. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harun Dıraman
- Department of Food Engineering, Engineering Faculty Afyon Kocatepe University ANS Campus 03200 Afyonkarahisar Turkey
| | - Hanife Telli Karaman
- Department of Food Technologies Research Institute for Olive Culture Bornova 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Filiz Sefer
- Department of Olive Breeding Research Institute for Olive Culture Bornova 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Nurhayat Ersoy
- Department of Olive Breeding Research Institute for Olive Culture Bornova 35100 Izmir Turkey
| | - Ali Haluk Arsel
- Department of Olive Breeding Research Institute for Olive Culture Bornova 35100 Izmir Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Punia S, Sandhu KS, Siroha AK, Dhull SB. Omega 3-metabolism, absorption, bioavailability and health benefits–A review. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
13
|
Johny J, Jatla A, Eruva VK, Misra S, Kaki SS. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of 1-monoacylglycerols of unsaturated fatty acids as potential bioactive lipids. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2019. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.1052182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-monoacylglycerols of selected unsaturated fatty acids and their antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activity is reported in the present study. The monoacylglycerols of fatty acids like undecenoic, oleic, linoleic and erucic acids were prepared by chemical esterification with solketal followed by deprotection. Fatty acids like alpha linolenic, gamma linolenic and ricinoleic acids were initially isolated from natural sources and further enriched in their respective methyl ester forms. The monoacylglycerols of ricinoleic and linolenic acid methyl esters were prepared by enzymatic transesterification with solketal using lipase from Candida antarctica followed by deprotection. The synthesized 1-monoacylglycerols were purified and characterized by spectral studies. The antimicrobial activity revealed that the monoacylglycerol of gamma linolenic acid was the most effective antibacterial followed by the monoacylglycerols of undecenoic and alpha linolenic acids. In the cytotoxicity assay against five cell lines, all the monoacylglycerols exhibited moderate activity but the activity was best against MCF7 Human Breast Adenocarcinoma cell lines.
Collapse
|
14
|
Pravalika K, Sarmah D, Kaur H, Vats K, Saraf J, Wanve M, Kalia K, Borah A, Yavagal DR, Dave KR, Bhattacharya P. Trigonelline therapy confers neuroprotection by reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase expression in animal model of ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2018; 216:49-58. [PMID: 30414429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Stroke is devastating with a limited choice of intervention. Many pharmacological entities are available but none of them have evolved successfully in counteracting the multifaceted molecular alterations following stroke. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been reported to play an important role in neuroinflammation following neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, using it as a therapeutic target may be a strategy to confer neuroprotection in stroke. Trigonelline (TG), a plant alkaloid has shown neuroprotective effects in the past. Here we explore its neuroprotective effects and its role in glutathione mediated MPO inhibition in ischemic stroke. METHODS An in silico study was performed to confirm effective TG and MPO interaction. An in vitro evaluation of toxicity with biochemical estimations was performed. Further, in vivo studies were undertaken where rats were treated with 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg TG or standard MPO inhibiting drug4‑Aminobenzoic hydrazide (4‑ABH) at 60 min prior, post immediate and an hour post 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by 24 h reperfusion. Rats were evaluated for neurodeficit and motor function tests. Brains were further harvested for infarct size evaluation, biochemical analysis, and western blot experiments. KEY FINDINGS TG at 100 mg/kg dose i.p. administered immediately post ischemia confers neuroprotection by reducing cerebral infarct with improvement in motor and neurodeficit scores. Furthermore, elevated nitrite and MDA levels were also found to be reduced in brain regions in the treated group. TG also potentiated intrinsic antioxidant status and markedly inhibited reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase expression in the cortical brain region. SIGNIFICANCE TG confers neuroprotection by reduced glutathione mediated myeloperoxidase inhibition in ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Pravalika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kanchan Vats
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Jackson Saraf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Madhuri Wanve
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bilberry pomace in rabbit nutrition: effects on growth performance, apparent digestibility, caecal traits, bacterial community and antioxidant status. Animal 2018; 13:53-63. [PMID: 29774828 DOI: 10.1017/s175173111800099x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural by-products could be used as alternative raw materials in rabbit nutrition as they have been found to be highly nutritious and low cost feeding sources. The aim of this study was to estimate the nutritive value and potential use of bilberry pomace (BP) for growing rabbits. A total of 144 Grimaud rabbits (35 days old) were allotted to four groups and fed with a diet containing increasing level of BP: BP0 (basal diet), BP5, BP10 and BP15 containing 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg respectively. Growth trial lasted 48 days; apparent digestibility was evaluated, starting at 46 days of age, over 4 consecutive days. The nutritive value of BP was measured using the mean digestibility of the experimental diets. At 83 days of age, rabbits were slaughtered: blood, and liver and kidney samples were collected in order to determine the blood parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities of the tissues. Moreover, caecal content was sampled and gut microbiota assessed by means of amplicon-based high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The digestible protein was estimated to 104 g/kg of DM while digestible energy to 9.44 MJ/kg DM for incorporation rate up to 150 g/kg. During the finishing period, average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio showed linear response to BP increase (P=0.008 and <0.001, respectively). During all the period, both parameters decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing BP inclusion levels (P<0.001) up to 100 g/kg of BP. A significant effect of the antioxidant status was found in the kidneys and liver (P<0.05) where the glutathione peroxidase activity increased as the BP increased. As far as gut microbiota is concerned, BP increased the relative abundance of the Clostridium, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus and Ruminococcaceae species which were clearly associated with the BP inclusion level. In conclusion, BP showed a potential use as an alternative protein and fibre sources for growing rabbits.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee AY, Lee MH, Lee S, Cho EJ. Alpha-Linolenic Acid from Perilla frutescens var. japonica Oil Protects Aβ-Induced Cognitive Impairment through Regulation of APP Processing and Aβ Degradation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10719-10729. [PMID: 29092397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive and memory impairment. The major pathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), which is produced from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) through cleavage of β- and γ-secretase. Recently, dietary plant oil containing ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has become an attractive alternative source to fish oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We investigated whether ALA isolated from perilla oil has direct effects on improvement of cognitive ability and molecular mechanisms in APP processing in comparison with DHA. In the present study, ICR mice were treated orally with ALA or DHA (100 mg/kg/day) for 14 days after i.c.v. injection of Aβ25-35. Administration of ALA resulted in a prevention of learning and memory deficit in Aβ25-35-injected mice compared with the control group, as observed in T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. ALA supplementation also markedly ameliorated the Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress by inhibition of lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide overproduction in the mouse brain, liver, and kidney, almost down to the levels in DHA-administered group. These effects of ALA on protective mechanisms were related to the regulation of APP processing via promoting nonamyloidogenic pathway such as up-regulation of soluble APP alpha, C-terminal fragment alpha/beta ratio, and A disintegrin and metalloprotease10 protein expressions. Furthermore, ALA inhibited the amyloidogenic pathway through the down-regulation of β-site APP-cleaving enzyme and presenilin2. ALA also enhanced Aβ degradation enzyme, insulin-degrading enzyme. In conclusion, the present study indicated a beneficial effect of ALA in improving the cognitive ability against Aβ25-35, and these effects were comparable to those exerted by DHA. Its neuroprotective effects are mediated, in part, by regulation of APP processing and Aβ degradation, and thus, ALA might be a potential candidate for prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hee Lee
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration , Gyeongnam 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University , Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University , Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tauskela JS, Bourourou M, Blondeau N. Tackling issues in the path toward clinical translation in brain conditioning: Potential offered by nutraceuticals. Brain Circ 2017; 3:78-86. [PMID: 30276308 PMCID: PMC6126266 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief periods of ischemia have been shown in many experimental setups to provide tolerance against ischemia in multiple organs including the brain, when administered before (preconditioning) or even after (postconditioning) the normally lethal ischemia. In addition to these so-called ischemic conditionings, many pharmacological and natural agents (e.g., chemicals and nutraceuticals) can also act as potent pre- and post-conditioners. Deriving from the original concept of ischemic preconditioning, these various conditioning paradigms may be promising as clinical-stage therapies for prevention of ischemic-related injury, especially stroke. As no proven experimentally identified strategy has translated into clinical success, the experimental induction of neuroprotection using these various conditioning paradigms has raised several questions, even before considering translation to clinical studies in humans. The first aim of the review is to consider key questions on preclinical studies of pre- or post-conditioning modalities including those induced by chemical or nutraceuticals. Second, we make the argument that several key issues can be addressed by a novel concept, nutraceutical preconditioning. Specifically, α-linolenic acid (alpha-linolenic acid [ALA] an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid), contained in plant-derived edible products, is essential in the daily diet, and a body of work has identified ALA as a pre- and post-conditioner of the brain. Nutritional intervention and functional food development are an emerging direction for preventing stroke damage, offering the potential to improving clinical outcomes through activation of the endogenous protective mechanisms known collectively as conditioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Tauskela
- Department of Translational Bioscience, Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Miled Bourourou
- University of Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, UMR7275 Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- University of Côte d'Azur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IPMC, UMR7275 Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Devassy JG, Leng S, Gabbs M, Monirujjaman M, Aukema HM. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Neuroinflammation and Management of Alzheimer Disease. Adv Nutr 2016; 7:905-16. [PMID: 27633106 PMCID: PMC5015035 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is becoming one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions worldwide. Although the disease progression is becoming better understood, current medical interventions can only ameliorate some of the symptoms but cannot slow disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the advancement of this disorder, and n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in both the reduction in and resolution of inflammation. These effects may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects of bioactive lipid mediators (oxylipins) derived from n-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] in fish oil. Although interventions have generally used fish oil containing both EPA and DHA, several studies that used either EPA or DHA alone or specific oxylipins derived from these fatty acids indicate that they have distinct effects. Both DHA and EPA can reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive decline, but EPA positively influences mood disorders, whereas DHA maintains normal brain structure. Fewer studies with a plant-derived n-3 PUFA, α-linolenic acid, suggest that other n-3 PUFAs and their oxylipins also may positively affect AD. Further research identifying the unique anti-inflammatory and proresolving properties of oxylipins from individual n-3 PUFAs will enable the discovery of novel disease-management strategies in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Harold M Aukema
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; and Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Restrepo J, Estupiñán JA, Colmenares AJ. Estudio comparativo de las fracciones lipídicas de Bactris gasipaes Kunth (chontaduro) obtenidas por extracción soxhlet y por extracción con CO2 supercrítico. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE QUÍMICA 2016. [DOI: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v45n1.57199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Se determinó el efecto de dos métodos diferentes de extracción sobre el rendimiento y composición de extractos lipídicos de pulpa de chontaduro o pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes Kunth), cosechados en cuatro diferentes localidades de la región pacífica colombiana. Los métodos de extracción evaluados fueron Soxhlet con hexano, y extracción por fluido supercrítico con CO2 (EFS CO2) a 26,890 MPa y 330 K. Para los cuatro ecotipos o cultivos estudiados, los resultados muestran un mayor rendimiento de extracción por el método EFS CO2 (4,03-8,28% p/p) en comparación al método Soxhlet (1,5-2,73% p/p). Por otro lado, la caracterización de los lípidos de los diferentes ecotipos, realizada a través de cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama (FID), muestra un alto contenido de ácidos grasos insaturados, similar al aceite de oliva y otras oleaginosas: 36,23-51,89% p/p de ácido oleico, 2,38-8,82% p/p de ácido linoleico, y 0,22-1,58% p/p de ácido linolénico, no presentando diferencias significativas de dichos contenidos para ambos métodos. Del mismo modo, el contenido de lípidos del fruto de chontaduro, corroboran su potencial como una muy buena fuente de ácidos grasos esenciales.
Collapse
|
21
|
Bourourou M, Heurteaux C, Blondeau N. Alpha-linolenic acid given as enteral or parenteral nutritional intervention against sensorimotor and cognitive deficits in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Neuropharmacology 2016; 108:60-72. [PMID: 27133376 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death worldwide. Numerous therapeutics applied acutely after stroke have failed to improve long-term clinical outcomes. An emerging direction is nutritional intervention with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids acting as disease-modifying factors and targeting post-stroke disabilities. Our previous studies demonstrated that the omega-3 precursor, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) administrated by injections or dietary supplementation reduces stroke damage by direct neuroprotection, and triggering brain artery vasodilatation and neuroplasticity. Successful translation of putative therapies will depend on demonstration of robust efficacy on common deficits resulting from stroke like loss of motor control and memory/learning. This study evaluated the value of ALA as adjunctive therapy for stroke recovery by comparing whether oral or intravenous supplementation of ALA best support recovery from ischemia. Motor and cognitive deficits were assessed using rotarod, pole and Morris water maze tests. ALA supplementation in diet was better than intravenous treatment in improving motor coordination, but this improvement was not due to a neuroprotective effect since infarct size was not reduced. Both types of ALA supplementation improved spatial learning and memory after stroke. This cognitive improvement correlated with higher survival of hippocampal neurons. These results support clinical investigation establishing therapeutic plans using ALA supplementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miled Bourourou
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France; CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Catherine Heurteaux
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France; CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France
| | - Nicolas Blondeau
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France; CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gómez-Mascaraque LG, López-Rubio A. Protein-based emulsion electrosprayed micro- and submicroparticles for the encapsulation and stabilization of thermosensitive hydrophobic bioactives. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 465:259-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
23
|
Hagl S, Berressem D, Grewal R, Sus N, Frank J, Eckert GP. Rice bran extract improves mitochondrial dysfunction in brains of aged NMRI mice. Nutr Neurosci 2015; 19:1-10. [PMID: 26241203 DOI: 10.1179/1476830515y.0000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aging represents a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Mitochondria are significantly involved in both the aging process and neurodegeneration. One strategy to protect the brain and to prevent neurodegeneration is a healthy lifestyle including a diet rich in antioxidants and polyphenols. Rice bran extract (RBE) contains various antioxidants including natural vitamin E forms (tocopherols and tocotrienols) and gamma-oryzanol. In this work, we examined the effects of a stabilized RBE on mitochondrial function in 18-month-old Naval Medical Research Institute mice (340 mg/kg body weight/day), which received the extract for 3 weeks via oral gavage. METHODS Mitochondrial parameters were measured using high-resolution respirometry (Oroboros Oxygraph-2k), Western blot analysis, and photometric methods in dissociated brain cells, isolated mitochondria, and brain homogenate. Vitamin E concentrations in blood plasma and brain tissue were measured using HPLC with fluorescence detection. RESULTS Aging leads to decreased mitochondrial function (decreased mitochondrial respiration and ATP production) and decreased protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1alpha). RBE administration increased alpha-tocopherol concentrations in the brain and compensated for age-related mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial respiration, membrane potential, PGC1alpha protein expression, and citrate synthase activity. Furthermore, resistance of brain cells to sodium nitroprusside-induced nitrosative stress was improved. DISCUSSION According to these results, RBE is a promising candidate nutraceutical for the prevention of age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
24
|
Blondeau N. The nutraceutical potential of omega-3 alpha-linolenic acid in reducing the consequences of stroke. Biochimie 2015; 120:49-55. [PMID: 26092420 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is a worldwide major cause of mortality and morbidity. Preclinical studies have identified over 1000 molecules with brain-protective properties. More than 200 clinical trials have evaluated neuroprotective candidates for ischemic stroke yet, to date almost all failed, leading to a re-analysis of treatment strategies against stroke. An emerging view is to seek combinatory therapy, or discovering molecules able to stimulate multiple protective and regenerative mechanisms. A pertinent experimental approach to identify such candidates is the study of brain preconditioning, which refers to how the brain protects itself against ischemia and others stress-inducing stimuli. The recent discovery that nutrients like alpha-linolenic acid (ALA is an essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid required as part of our daily diet), may be an efficient brain preconditionner against stroke fosters the novel concept of brain preconditioning by nutraceuticals. This review stresses the underestimated role of nutrition in preventing and combating stroke. Although there is a consensus that increased consumption of salt, fatty foods and alcoholic beverages may promote pathologies like hypertension, obesity and alcoholism - all of which are well known risk factors of stroke - few risk factors are attributed to a deficiency in an essential nutrient in the diet. The ALA deficiency observed in the Western modern diets may itself constitute a risk factor. This review outlines how ALA supplementation by modification of the daily diet prevented mortality and cerebral damage in a rodent model of ischemic stroke. It also describes the pleiotropic ability of ALA to trigger responses that are multicellular, mechanistically diverse, resulting in neuronal protection, stimulation of neuroplasticity, and brain artery vasodilation. Overall, this review proposes a promising therapeutic opportunity by integrating a nutritional-based approach focusing on enriching the daily diet in ALA to prevent the devastating damage caused by stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Blondeau
- Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France; CNRS, IPMC, Sophia Antipolis, F-06560, France.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Mucci DDB, Fernandes FS, Souza ADS, Sardinha FLDC, Soares-Mota M, Tavares do Carmo MDG. Flaxseed mitigates brain mass loss, improving motor hyperactivity and spatial memory, in a rodent model of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 97:13-9. [PMID: 25865679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) encephalopathy is a major cause of perinatal morbimortality. There is growing evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), attenuate brain injury. This study aimed to investigate the possible neuroprotective effect of maternal intake of flaxseed, rich in DHA׳s precursor α-linolenic acid, in the young male offspring subjected to perinatal HI. Wistar rats were divided in six groups, according to maternal diet and offspring treatment at day 7: Control HI (CHI) and Flaxseed HI (FHI); Control Sham and Flaxseed Sham; Control Control and Flaxseed Control. Flaxseed diet increased offspring׳s hippocampal DHA content and lowered depressive behavior. CHI pups presented brain mass loss, motor hyperactivity and poor spatial memory, which were improved in FHI rats. Maternal flaxseed intake may prevent depressive symptoms in the offspring and promote neuroprotective effects, in the context of perinatal HI, improving brain injury and its cognitive and behavioral impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela de Barros Mucci
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro , RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávia Spreafico Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro , RJ, Brazil
| | - Amanda Dos Santos Souza
- Laboratório de Farmacologia da Neuroplasticidade e do Comportamento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fátima Lúcia de Carvalho Sardinha
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro , RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcia Soares-Mota
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro , RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Tavares do Carmo
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Nutricional, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro , RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The bacterial communities associated with fecal types and body weight of rex rabbits. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9342. [PMID: 25791609 PMCID: PMC4366860 DOI: 10.1038/srep09342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rex rabbit is an important small herbivore for fur and meat production. However, little is known about the gut microbiota in rex rabbit, especially regarding their relationship with different fecal types and growth of the hosts. We characterized the microbiota of both hard and soft feces from rex rabbits with high and low body weight by using the Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V4 region of the 16S rDNA. High weight rex rabbits possess distinctive microbiota in hard feces, but not in soft feces, from the low weight group. We detected the overrepresentation of several genera such as YS2/Cyanobacteria, and Bacteroidales and underrepresentation of genera such as Anaeroplasma spp. and Clostridiaceae in high weight hard feces. Between fecal types, several bacterial taxa such as Ruminococcaceae, and Akkermansia spp. were enriched in soft feces. PICRUSt analysis revealed that metabolic pathways such as “stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, gingerol biosynthesis” were enriched in high weight rabbits, and pathways related to “xenobiotics biodegradation” and “various types of N-glycan biosynthesis” were overrepresented in rabbit soft feces. Our study provides foundation to generate hypothesis aiming to test the roles that different bacterial taxa play in the growth and caecotrophy of rex rabbits.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alpha-linolenic acid: an omega-3 fatty acid with neuroprotective properties-ready for use in the stroke clinic? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:519830. [PMID: 25789320 PMCID: PMC4350958 DOI: 10.1155/2015/519830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is plant-based essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids that must be obtained through the diet. This could explain in part why the severe deficiency in omega-3 intake pointed by numerous epidemiologic studies may increase the brain's vulnerability representing an important risk factor in the development and/or deterioration of certain cardio- and neuropathologies. The roles of ALA in neurological disorders remain unclear, especially in stroke that is a leading cause of death. We and others have identified ALA as a potential nutraceutical to protect the brain from stroke, characterized by its pleiotropic effects in neuroprotection, vasodilation of brain arteries, and neuroplasticity. This review highlights how chronic administration of ALA protects against rodent models of hypoxic-ischemic injury and exerts an anti-depressant-like activity, effects that likely involve multiple mechanisms in brain, and may be applied in stroke prevention. One major effect may be through an increase in mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a widely expressed protein in brain that plays critical roles in neuronal maintenance, and learning and memory. Understanding the precise roles of ALA in neurological disorders will provide the underpinnings for the development of new therapies for patients and families who could be devastated by these disorders.
Collapse
|
28
|
Haast RAM, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of fatty acids on brain circulation, structure and function. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 92:3-14. [PMID: 24485516 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The use of dietary intervention has evolved into a promising approach to prevent the onset and progression of brain diseases. The positive relationship between intake of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3-LCPUFAs) and decreased onset of disease- and aging-related deterioration of brain health is increasingly endorsed across epidemiological and diet-interventional studies. Promising results are found regarding to the protection of proper brain circulation, structure and functionality in healthy and diseased humans and animal models. These include enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF), white and gray matter integrity, and improved cognitive functioning, and are possibly mediated through increased neurovascular coupling, neuroprotection and neuronal plasticity, respectively. Contrary, studies investigating diets high in saturated fats provide opposite results, which may eventually lead to irreversible damage. Studies like these are of great importance given the high incidence of obesity caused by the increased and decreased consumption of respectively saturated fats and ω3-LCPUFAs in the Western civilization. This paper will review in vivo research conducted on the effects of ω3-LCPUFAs and saturated fatty acids on integrity (circulation, structure and function) of the young, aging and diseased brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy A M Haast
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fatty acids rehabilitated long-term neurodegenerative: like symptoms in olfactory bulbectomized rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:629-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
30
|
Molinari C, Risé P, Guerra C, Mauro N, Piani C, Bosi E, Galli C, Scavini M. Eight-week consumption of milk enriched with omega 3 fatty acids raises their blood concentrations yet does not affect lipids and cardiovascular disease risk factors in adult healthy volunteers. PHARMANUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
31
|
Prasad RB, Shanker Kaki S, Ravinder T, Ashwini B, Rao BV. Enzymatic modification of phosphatidylcholine with n-3 PUFA from silkworm oil fatty acids. GRASAS Y ACEITES 2014. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.097213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
32
|
Analytical Methods Applied to Assess the Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Color, Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ginkgo biloba L. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9883-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
33
|
A local Thai cultivar glutinous black rice bran: A source of functional compounds in immunomodulation, cell viability and collagen synthesis, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 inhibition. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
34
|
Effect of entrapped α-tocopherol on mucoadhesivity and evaluation of the release, degradation, and swelling characteristics of zein–chitosan composite electrospun fibers. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
35
|
Olfactory bulbectomy as a putative model for Alzheimer’: The protective role of essential fatty acids. PHARMANUTRITION 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Adarme-Vega TC, Thomas-Hall SR, Schenk PM. Towards sustainable sources for omega-3 fatty acids production. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013; 26:14-8. [PMID: 24607804 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docohexaenoic acid (DHA), provide significant health benefits for brain function/development and cardiovascular conditions. However, most EPA and DHA for human consumption is sourced from small fatty fish caught in coastal waters and, with depleting global fish stocks, recent research has been directed towards more sustainable sources. These include aquaculture with plant-based feeds, krill, marine microalgae, microalgae-like protists and genetically-modified plants. To meet the increasing demand for EPA and DHA, further developments are needed towards land-based sources. In particular large-scale cultivation of microalgae and plants is likely to become a reality with expected reductions in production costs, yield increasese and the adequate addressing of genetically modified food acceptance issues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Catalina Adarme-Vega
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Skye R Thomas-Hall
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peer M Schenk
- Algae Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|