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Abady MM, Jeong JS, Kwon HJ, Assiri AM, Cho J, Saadeldin IM. The reprotoxic adverse side effects of neurogenic and neuroprotective drugs: current use of human organoid modeling as a potential alternative to preclinical models. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412188. [PMID: 38948466 PMCID: PMC11211546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of neurological disorders heavily relies on neurotherapeutic drugs, but notable concerns exist regarding their possible negative effects on reproductive health. Traditional preclinical models often fail to accurately predict reprotoxicity, highlighting the need for more physiologically relevant systems. Organoid models represent a promising approach for concurrently studying neurotoxicity and reprotoxicity, providing insights into the complex interplay between neurotherapeutic drugs and reproductive systems. Herein, we have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying neurotherapeutic drug-induced reprotoxicity and discussed experimental findings from case studies. Additionally, we explore the utility of organoid models in elucidating the reproductive complications of neurodrug exposure. Have discussed the principles of organoid models, highlighting their ability to recapitulate neurodevelopmental processes and simulate drug-induced toxicity in a controlled environment. Challenges and future perspectives in the field have been addressed with a focus on advancing organoid technologies to improve reprotoxicity assessment and enhance drug safety screening. This review underscores the importance of organoid models in unraveling the complex relationship between neurotherapeutic drugs and reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam M. Abady
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ji-Seon Jeong
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Jeong Kwon
- Organic Metrology Group, Division of Chemical and Material Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdullah M. Assiri
- Deperament of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Islam M. Saadeldin
- Deperament of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Niknahad H, Mobasheri A, Arjmand A, Rafiei E, Alidaee S, Razavi H, Bagheri S, Rezaei H, Sabouri S, Najibi A, Khodaei F, Kashani SMA, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Hepatic encephalopathy complications are diminished by piracetam via the interaction between mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and locomotor activity. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20557. [PMID: 37810869 PMCID: PMC10551565 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background of the study: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a complication in which brain ammonia (NH4+) levels reach critically high concentrations because of liver failure. HE could lead to a range of neurological complications from locomotor and behavioral disturbances to coma. Several tactics have been established for subsiding blood and brain NH4+. However, there is no precise intervention to mitigate the direct neurological complications of NH4+. Purpose It has been found that oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and neuro-inflammation play a fundamental role in NH4+ neurotoxicity. Piracetam is a drug used clinically in neurological complications such as stroke and head trauma. Piracetam could significantly diminish oxidative stress and improve brain mitochondrial function. Research methods In the current study, piracetam (100 and 500 mg/kg, oral) was used in a mice model of HE induced by thioacetamide (TA, 800 mg/kg, single dose, i.p). Results Significant disturbances in animals' locomotor activity, along with increased oxidative stress biomarkers, including reactive oxygen species formation, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, depleted tissue glutathione, and decreased antioxidant capacity, were evident in the brain of TA-treated mice. Meanwhile, mitochondrial permeabilization, mitochondrial depolarization, suppression of dehydrogenases activity, and decreased ATP levels were found in the brain of the TA group. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was also significantly high in the brain of HE animals. Conclusion It was found that piracetam significantly enhanced mice's locomotor activity, blunted oxidative stress biomarkers, decreased inflammatory cytokines, and improved mitochondrial indices in hyperammonemic mice. These data suggest piracetam as a neuroprotective agent which could be repurposed for the management of HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Mobasheri
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics, And Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Departments of Orthopedics Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-08406, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Abdollah Arjmand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Rafiei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alidaee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Razavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Heresh Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological, Animal Sciences, And Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Amin Kashani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological, Animal Sciences, And Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Environmental and Animal Product Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Privitera A, Cardaci V, Weerasekara D, Saab MW, Diolosà L, Fidilio A, Jolivet RB, Lazzarino G, Amorini AM, Camarda M, Lunte SM, Caraci F, Caruso G. Microfluidic/HPLC combination to study carnosine protective activity on challenged human microglia: Focus on oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1161794. [PMID: 37063279 PMCID: PMC10095171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1161794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues such as the brain. This dipeptide possesses well-demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation properties, and it may be useful for treatment of pathologies characterized by oxidative stress and energy unbalance such as depression and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia, the brain-resident macrophages, are involved in different physiological brain activities such synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, but their dysregulation has been linked to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. In AD brain, the activation of microglia towards a pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory phenotype has found in an early phase of cognitive decline, reason why new pharmacological targets related to microglia activation are of great importance to develop innovative therapeutic strategies. In particular, microglia represent a common model of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced activation to identify novel pharmacological targets for depression and AD and numerous studies have linked the impairment of energy metabolism, including ATP dyshomeostasis, to the onset of depressive episodes. In the present study, we first investigated the toxic potential of LPS + ATP in the absence or presence of carnosine. Our studies were carried out on human microglia (HMC3 cell line) in which LPS + ATP combination has shown the ability to promote cell death, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Additionally, to shed more light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of carnosine, its ability to modulate reactive oxygen species production and the variation of parameters representative of cellular energy metabolism was evaluated by microchip electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. In our experimental conditions, carnosine prevented LPS + ATP-induced cell death and oxidative stress, also completely restoring basal energy metabolism in human HMC3 microglia. Our results suggest a therapeutic potential of carnosine as a new pharmacological tool in the context of multifactorial disorders characterize by neuroinflammatory phenomena including depression and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Privitera
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cardaci
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Catania, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dhanushka Weerasekara
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Miriam Wissam Saab
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lidia Diolosà
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Renaud Blaise Jolivet
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Lazzarino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Amorini
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Susan Marie Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Unit of Neuropharmacology and Translational Neurosciences, Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS, Troina, Italy
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Taurine Improves Sperm Mitochondrial Indices, Blunts Oxidative Stress Parameters, and Enhances Steroidogenesis and Kinematics of Sperm in Lead-Exposed Mice. Reprod Sci 2022; 30:1891-1910. [DOI: 10.1007/s43032-022-01140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ommati MM, Ahmadi HN, Sabouri S, Retana-Marquez S, Abdoli N, Rashno S, Niknahad H, Jamshidzadeh A, Mousavi K, Rezaei M, Akhlagh A, Azarpira N, Khodaei F, Heidari R. Glycine protects the male reproductive system against lead toxicity via alleviating oxidative stress, preventing sperm mitochondrial impairment, improving kinematics of sperm, and blunting the downregulation of enzymes involved in the steroidogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2990-3006. [PMID: 36088639 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic heavy metal widely dispersed in the environment because of human industrial activities. Many studies revealed that Pb could adversely affect several organs, including the male reproductive system. Pb-induced reproductive toxicity could lead to infertility. Thus, finding safe and clinically applicable protective agents against this complication is important. It has been found that oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Pb-induced reprotoxicity. Glycine is the simplest amino acid with a wide range of pharmacological activities. It has been found that glycine could attenuate oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in various experimental models. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of glycine in Pb-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Male BALB/c mice received Pb (20 mg/kg/day; gavage; 35 consecutive days) and treated with glycine (250 and 500 mg/kg/day; gavage; 35 consecutive days). Then, reproductive system weight indices, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the testis and isolated sperm, sperm kinetic, sperm mitochondrial indices, and testis histopathological alterations were monitored. A significant change in testis, epididymis, and Vas deferens weight was evident in Pb-treated animals. Markers of oxidative stress were also significantly increased in the testis and isolated sperm of the Pb-treated group. A significant disruption in sperm kinetic was also evident when mice received Pb. Moreover, Pb exposure caused significant deterioration in sperm mitochondrial indices. Tubular injury, tubular desquamation, and decreased spermatogenic index were histopathological alterations detected in Pb-treated mice. It was found that glycine significantly blunted oxidative stress markers in testis and sperm, improved sperm mitochondrial parameters, causing considerable higher velocity-related indices (VSL, VCL, and VAP) and percentages of progressively motile sperm, and decreased testis histopathological changes in Pb-exposed animals. These data suggest glycine as a potential protective agent against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity. The effects of glycine on oxidative stress markers and mitochondrial function play a key role in its protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Nategh Ahmadi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Socorro Retana-Marquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Narges Abdoli
- Food and Drug Administration, Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajjad Rashno
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rezaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Akhlagh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Fakharbad MJ, Moshiri M, Ommati MM, Talebi M, Etemad L. A review of basic to clinical studies of the association between hyperammonemia, methamphetamine. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:921-931. [PMID: 35604430 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02248-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH), an addictive psychostimulant drug, is the second most widely used type of drug all around the world. METH abusers are more likely to develop a psycho-neurological complication. Hyperammonemia (HAM) causes neuropsychiatric illnesses such as mental state changes and episodes of acute encephalopathy. Recently, there are some shreds of evidence about the relationship between METH complication and HAM. Both METH intoxication and HAM could induce psychosis, agitation, memory impairment, and psycho-neuronal disorders. They also have similar mechanisms of neuronal damages, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairments, and inflammation responses, which can subsequently increase the glutamate level of the brain. Hence, the basic to clinical studies of the association between HAM and METH are reviewed by monitoring six case studies and a good body of animal studies literature. All instances of METH-associated HAM had changes in mental state and some level of confusion that were improved when the ammonia serum level returned to the normal level. Furthermore, most of them had typical vital signs. Several studies suggested some sources for METH-associated HAM, including METH-induced liver and renal damages, muscular hyperactivity, gut bacterial overgrowth, co-abuse of other substances, and using some forms of NH3 in METH cooking. In conclusion, it seems that mental status changes in METH abusers may be related to ammonia intoxication or HAM; therefore, it is important to assess the serum level of ammonia in METH intoxicated patients and resolve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Jafari Fakharbad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Department of Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Ommati MM, Li H, Jamshidzadeh A, Khoshghadam F, Retana-Márquez S, Lu Y, Farshad O, Nategh Ahmadi MH, Gholami A, Heidari R. The crucial role of oxidative stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-induced male reproductive toxicity: the ameliorative effects of Iranian indigenous probiotics. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:247-265. [PMID: 34994824 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on the high potential effects of probiotics on the reproductive system. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the ameliorative intracellular roles of indigenous Iranian yogurt-extracted/cultured probiotics on animals' reproductive health suffering from obesity and/or fatty liver disease, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). For this purpose, simultaneously with the consumption of D-fructose (200 g/1000 mL water, induction of NAFLD model), all pubertal animals were also gavaged every day for 63 consecutive days with extracted probiotics, including 1 × 109 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA), Bifidobacterium spp. (BIF), Bacillus coagulans (BC), Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), and a mixture form (LA + BIF + BC + LR). At the end of the ninth week, the indices of epididymal sperm, and oxidative stress, as well as histopathological changes, were assessed. The results show that NAFLD could induce robust oxidative stress, highlighted as considerable increments in ROS level, TBARS content, total oxidized protein levels, along with severe decrements in reduced glutathione reservoirs, total antioxidant capacity in the hepatic and testicular tissues, as well as testicular and hepatic histopathological alterations. Moreover, a significant decrease in the percentage of sperm progressive motility, sperm count, and membrane integrity along with an increment in the percentage of sperm abnormality was detected in NAFLD animals. The observed adverse effects were significantly reversed upon probiotics treatment, especially in the group challenged with a mixture of all probiotics. Taken together, these findings indicate that the indigenous yogurt-isolated/cultured probiotics had a high potential antioxidant activity and the ameliorative effect against reprotoxicity and blood biochemical alterations induced by the NAFLD model. Highlights: 1. Reproductive indices could be reversely affected by xenobiotics and diseases. 2. NAFLD and cholestasis considerably affect the reproductive system in both genders. 3. NAFLD induced hepatic and testicular oxidative stress (OS). 4. NAFLD induced histopathological alterations and spermatotoxicity through OS. 5. The adverse effects were significantly reversed upon exposure to probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Khoshghadam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Biology of Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yu Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, School of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mohammad Hasan Nategh Ahmadi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, 71345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mousavi K, Manthari RK, Najibi A, Jia Z, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in the mechanism of tramadol-induced renal injury. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100049. [PMID: 34909675 PMCID: PMC8663991 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tramadol (TMDL) is an opioid analgesic widely administered for the management of moderate to severe pain. On the other hand, TMDL is commonly abused in many countries because of its availability and cheap cost. Renal injury is related to high dose or chronic administration of TMDL. No precise mechanism for TMDL-induced renal damage has been identified so far. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the pathogenesis of TMDL-induced renal injury. For this purpose, rats were treated with TMDL (40 and 80 mg/kg, i.p, 28 consecutive days). A significant increase in serum Cr and BUN was detected in TMDL groups. On the other hand, TMDL (80 mg/kg) caused a substantial increase in urine glucose, ALP, protein, and γ-GT levels. Moreover, urine Cr was significantly decreased in TMDL-treated rats (40 and 80 mg/kg). Renal histopathological alterations included inflammation, necrosis, and tubular degeneration in the kidney of TMDL-treated animals. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation was increased, whereas total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione levels were considerably decreased in TMDL groups. Significant mitochondrial impairment was also detected in the form of mitochondrial depolarization, adenosine-tri-phosphate (ATP) depletion, mitochondrial permeabilization, lipid peroxidation, and decreased mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in the kidney of TMDL (80 mg/kg)-treated animals. These data suggest mitochondrial impairment and oxidative stress as mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of TMDL-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Mousavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam, 530045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Asma Najibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi, Taigu, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Metformin alleviates cholestasis-associated nephropathy through regulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Mousavi K, Niknahad H, Li H, Jia Z, Manthari RK, Zhao Y, Shi X, Chen Y, Ahmadi A, Azarpira N, Khalvati B, Ommati MM, Heidari R. The activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling blunts cholestasis-induced liver and kidney injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:911-927. [PMID: 34484683 PMCID: PMC8403611 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a severe clinical complication that severely damages the liver. Kidneys are also the most affected extrahepatic organs in cholestasis. The pivotal role of oxidative stress has been mentioned in the pathogenesis of cholestasis-induced organ injury. The activation of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway is involved in response to oxidative stress. The current study was designed to evaluate the potential role of Nrf2 signaling activation in preventing bile acids-induced toxicity in the liver and kidney. Dimethyl fumarate was used as a robust activator of Nrf2 signaling. Rats underwent bile duct ligation surgery and were treated with dimethyl fumarate (10 and 40 mg/kg). Severe oxidative stress was evident in the liver and kidney of cholestatic animals (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the expression and activity of Nrf2 and downstream genes were time-dependently decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant mitochondrial depolarization, decreased ATP levels, and mitochondrial permeabilization were detected in bile duct-ligated rats (P < 0.05). Histopathological alterations included liver necrosis, fibrosis, inflammation and kidney interstitial inflammation, and cast formation. It was found that dimethyl fumarate significantly decreased hepatic and renal injury in cholestatic animals (P < 0.05). Based on these data, the activation of the cellular antioxidant response could serve as an efficient therapeutic option for managing cholestasis-induced organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Bio-informatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Department of Bio-informatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Huifeng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Science, Visakhapatnam, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management, Andhra Pradesh 530045, India
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Xiong Shi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
| | - Asrin Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Bahman Khalvati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj 75919-51176, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bio-informatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
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11
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Ghanbarinejad V, Ommati MM, Jia Z, Farshad O, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R. Disturbed mitochondrial redox state and tissue energy charge in cholestasis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22846. [PMID: 34250697 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the primary organ affected by cholestasis. However, the brain, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney are also severely influenced by cholestasis/cirrhosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of organ injury in cholestasis. The current study was designed to evaluate the mitochondrial glutathione redox state as a significant index in cell death. Moreover, tissue energy charge (EC) was calculated. Rats underwent bile duct ligation (BDL) and the brain, heart, liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle mitochondria were assessed at scheduled time intervals (3, 7, 14, and 28 days after BDL). A significant decrease in mitochondrial glutathione redox state and EC was detected in BDL animals. Moreover, disturbed mitochondrial indices were evident in different organs of BDL rats. These data could offer new insight into the mechanisms of organ injury and the source of oxidative stress during cholestasis and might provide novel therapeutic strategies against these complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Omid Farshad
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Toxicology Laboratory, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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12
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Ommati MM, Arabnezhad MR, Farshad O, Jamshidzadeh A, Niknahad H, Retana-Marquez S, Jia Z, Nateghahmadi MH, Mousavi K, Arazi A, Azmoon MR, Azarpira N, Heidari R. The Role of Mitochondrial Impairment and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Lithium-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:603262. [PMID: 33842567 PMCID: PMC8025583 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.603262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium (Li+) is prescribed against a wide range of neurological disorders. Besides its excellent therapeutic properties, there are several adverse effects associated with Li+. The impact of Li+ on renal function and diabetes insipidus is the most common adverse effect of this drug. On the other hand, infertility and decreased libido is another complication associated with Li+. It has been found that sperm indices of functionality, as well as libido, is significantly reduced in Li+-treated men. These adverse effects might lead to drug incompliance and the cessation of drug therapy. Hence, the main aims of the current study were to illustrate the mechanisms of adverse effects of Li+ on the testis tissue, spermatogenesis process, and hormonal changes in two experimental models. In the in vitro experiments, Leydig cells (LCs) were isolated from healthy mice, cultured, and exposed to increasing concentrations of Li+ (0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm). In the in vivo section of the current study, mice were treated with Li+ (0, 10, 50, and 100 ppm, in drinking water) for five consecutive weeks. Testis and sperm samples were collected and assessed. A significant sign of cytotoxicity (LDH release and MTT assay), along with disrupted testosterone biosynthesis, impaired mitochondrial indices (ATP level and mitochondrial depolarization), and increased biomarkers of oxidative stress were detected in LCs exposed to Li+. On the other hand, a significant increase in serum and testis Li+ levels were detected in drug-treated mice. Moreover, ROS formation, LPO, protein carbonylation, and increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were detected in both testis tissue and sperm specimens of Li+-treated mice. Several sperm anomalies were also detected in Li+-treated animals. On the other hand, sperm mitochondrial indices (mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity and ATP levels) were significantly decreased in drug-treated groups where mitochondrial depolarization was increased dose-dependently. Altogether, these data mention oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment as pivotal mechanisms involved in Li+-induced reproductive toxicity. Therefore, based on our previous publications in this area, therapeutic options, including compounds with high antioxidant properties that target these points might find a clinical value in ameliorating Li+-induced adverse effects on the male reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Mohammad Reza Arabnezhad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Socorro Retana-Marquez
- Department of Biology and Reproduction, Autonomous Metropolitan University, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Zhipeng Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | | | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aysooda Arazi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Azmoon
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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13
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Ommati MM, Farshad O, Azarpira N, Ghazanfari E, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Silymarin mitigates bile duct obstruction-induced cholemic nephropathy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1301-1314. [PMID: 33538845 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-02040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bile duct obstruction or cholestasis can occur by several diseases or xenobiotics. Cholestasis and the accumulation of the bile constituents in the liver primarily damage this organ. On the other hand, extrahepatic organs are also affected by cholestasis. The kidney is the most affected tissue during cholestatic liver injury. Cholestasis-associated renal injury is known as cholemic nephropathy (CN). Several lines of evidence specify the involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the pathogenesis of CN. The current study aimed to assess the role of silymarin as a potent antioxidant on CN-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney. Bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were treated with silymarin (10 and 100 mg/kg, oral) for seven consecutive days. A significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels were evident in the kidney of BDL animals. Moreover, reduced glutathione (GSH) content and total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased in the kidney of cholestatic rats. Mitochondrial depolarization, decreased mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, mitochondrial permeabilization, and depleted ATP stores were detected in the kidney mitochondria isolated from BDL animals. Kidney histopathological alterations, as well as serum and urine levels of renal injury biomarkers, were also significantly different in the BDL group. It was found that silymarin treatment significantly ameliorated CN-induced renal injury. The antioxidant effects of silymarin and its positive impact on mitochondrial indices seem to play a significant role in its renoprotective effects during cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elmira Ghazanfari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 158371345, Roknabad, Karafarin St., Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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14
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Farshad O, Heidari R, Zamiri MJ, Retana-Márquez S, Khalili M, Ebrahimi M, Jamshidzadeh A, Ommati MM. Spermatotoxic Effects of Single-Walled and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on Male Mice. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:591558. [PMID: 33392285 PMCID: PMC7775657 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.591558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials possess a remarkably high potential for biomedical applications due to their physical properties; however, their detrimental effects on reproduction are also concerned. Several reports indicate the toxicity of carbon nanotubes (CNT); nevertheless, their impact on intracellular organelles in the male reproductive organs has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we report on the reprotoxicity of single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCN) on several intracellular events and histological criteria in pubertal male BALB/c mice orally treated with 0, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day doses for 5 weeks. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial functionality, histopathological alterations, and epididymal sperm characteristics were determined. Oral administration of CNTs at 10 and 50 mg/kg evoked a significant decrement in weight coefficient, sperm viability and motility, hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test, sperm count, mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, ATP content, total antioxidant capacity, and GSH/GSSH ratio in the testis and epididymal spermatozoa. On the other hand, percent abnormal sperm, testicular and sperm TBARS contents, protein carbonylation, ROS formation, oxidized glutathione level, and sperm mitochondrial depolarization were considerably increased. Significant histopathological and stereological alterations in the testis occurred in the groups challenged with CNTs. The current findings indicated that oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment might substantially impact CNTs-induced reproductive system injury and sperm toxicity. The results can also be used to establish environmental standards for CNT consumption by mammals, produce new chemicals for controlling the rodent populations, and develop therapeutic approaches against CNTs-associated reproductive anomalies in the males exposed daily to these nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Socorro Retana-Márquez
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Meghdad Khalili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Melika Ebrahimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Farshad O, Keshavarz P, Heidari R, Farahmandnejad M, Azhdari S, Jamshidzadeh A. The Potential Neuroprotective Role of Citicoline in Hepatic Encephalopathy. J Exp Pharmacol 2020; 12:517-527. [PMID: 33235522 PMCID: PMC7678475 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s261986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is described as impaired brain function induced by liver failure. Ammonia is the most suspected chemical involved in brain injury during HE. Although the precise mechanism of HE is not clear, several studies mentioned the role of oxidative stress in ammonia neurotoxicity. In animal models, the use of some compounds with antioxidant properties was reported to reduce the neurotoxic effects of ammonia, improve energy metabolism, and ameliorate the HE symptoms. Citicoline is a principal intermediate in the biosynthesis pathway of phosphatidylcholine that acts as neurovascular protection and repair effects. Various studies mentioned the neuroprotective and antioxidative effects of citicoline in the central nervous system. This study aims to investigate the potential protective effects of citicoline therapeutic in an animal model of HE. Materials and Methods Mice received acetaminophen (APAP,1g/kg, i. p.) and then treated with citicoline (500 mg/kg, i.p) one and two hours after APAP. Animals were monitored for locomotor activity and blood and brain ammonia levels. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress were assessed in the brain tissue. Results The result of the study revealed that plasma and brain ammonia and the liver injury markers increased, and locomotor activity impaired in the APAP-treated animals. Besides, an increase in markers of oxidative stress was evident in the brain of the APAP-treated mice. It was found that citicoline supplementation enhanced the animal’s locomotor activity and improved brain tissue markers of oxidative stress. Conclusion These data propose citicoline as a potential protective agent in HE. The effects of citicoline on oxidative stress markers could play a fundamental role in its neuroprotective properties during HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pedram Keshavarz
- Department of Radiology, Tbilisi State Medical University (TSMU), Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mina Farahmandnejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sara Azhdari
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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16
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Ommati MM, Shi X, Li H, Zamiri MJ, Farshad O, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Ghaffari H, Zaker L, Sabouri S, Chen Y. The mechanisms of arsenic-induced ovotoxicity, ultrastructural alterations, and autophagic related paths: An enduring developmental study in folliculogenesis of mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 204:110973. [PMID: 32781346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) exerts a wide range of adverse effects on biological systems, including the reproductive organs in males and females. However, the mechanisms of As-induced reproductive toxicity are mostly obscure. Recently, we showed that autophagy is an essential route for As2O3-induced reprotoxicity through the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal-sperm (HPG-S) axis in pubertal and matured F1-male mice. However, the role of autophagy in As2O3- induced ovarian toxicity is mostly unknown. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial impairment, and autophagic processes in the ovary of As-exposed female mice. For this purpose, mature female mice were challenged with 0, low (0.2), medium (2), and high (20 ppm) As2O3 from 35-days before mating till weaning their pups, and the F1- females from weaning until maturity. Then, all the mice were sacrificed, and oxidative stress parameters, mitochondrial indices, electron microscopic evaluation of the ovaries, expression of autophagic-related genes and proteins, and autophagosome formation were assessed. It was shown that medium and high As2O3 doses were a potent inducer of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy in the ovary of F1-generation. A dose-dependent increment in the gene expression of PDK1, PI3K, TSC2, AMPK, ULK1, ATG13, Beclin1, ATG12, ATG5, LC3, P62, ATG3, ATG7, and p62, as well as protein expression of Beclin1, and LC3- I, II, was evident in the ovaries of the As-treated animals. Moreover, a dose-dependent decrease in the expression of mTOR and Bcl-2 genes, and mTOR protein was detected with increasing doses of As, suggesting that As treatment-induced autophagy. Along with a dose-dependent increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles, transmission electron microscopy also confirmed more autophagosomes and injured mitochondria in medium and high As2O3 doses groups. As2O3 also negatively affected the mean body weight, litter size, organ coefficient, and stereological indices in female mice. Finally, in physiological conditions, arsenic trioxide (As2O3) leads to an increased level of autophagy in the oocyte when many oocytes were being lost. These findings indicated that an imbalance in the oxidant-antioxidant system, mitochondrial impairment, and the autophagic process, through inhibition of mTOR, dependent and independent pathways, and Bcl-2, as well as activation of AMPK/PI3K/Beclin1/LC3 routes, could play a pivotal role in As-induced reproductive toxicity through ovarian dysfunction in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
| | - Xiong Shi
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | | | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ladan Zaker
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Yuanyu Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
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17
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Farshad O, Ommati MM, Yüzügülen J, Jamshidzadeh A, Mousavi K, Ahmadi Z, Azarpira N, Ghaffari H, Najibi A, Shafaghat M, Niknahad H, Heidari R. Carnosine Mitigates Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Improves Mitochondrial Function, and Alleviates Histopathological Alterations in the Renal Tissue of Cholestatic Rats. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.34172/ps.2020.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cholestatic liver disease primarily affects hepatic tissue. Cholestasis could also influence the function of other organs rather than the liver. Cholestasis-induced kidney injury is a severe clinical complication known as "cholemic nephropathy" (CN). Bile duct ligation (BDL) is a trustworthy experimental model for inducing CN. Although the precise mechanism of renal injury in cholestasis is not fully recognized, several studies revealed the role of oxidative stress in CN. There is no promising pharmacological intervention against CN. Carnosine (CAR) is a peptide extensively investigated for its pharmacological effects. Radical scavenging and antioxidative stress are major features of CAR. The current study aimed to evaluate the role of CAR supplementation on the CN. Methods: CAR was administered (250 and 500 mg/kg, i.p) to BDL rats for 14 consecutive days. Urine and serum markers of renal injury, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the kidney tissue, and renal histopathological alterations were monitored. Results: Significant elevation in oxidative stress biomarkers, including ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, and protein carbonylation were found in the kidney of BDL rats. Moreover, renal tissue antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were significantly decreased in the organ of cholestatic animals. Renal histopathological changes, including tubular atrophy, interstitial inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and cast formation, were detected in the kidney of BDL rats. It was found that CAR administration significantly protected the kidney of cholestatic animals. Conclusion: The antioxidative properties of this peptide might play a fundamental role in its protective properties during cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, Peoples’ Republic of China
| | - Jale Yüzügülen
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadi
- Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hasti Ghaffari
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Shafaghat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz Iran
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18
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19
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Zamiri MJ, Sabouri S, Zaker L, Farshad O, Jamshidzadeh A, Mousapour S. The Footprints of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Testosterone Release Suppression in Pubertal and Mature F1-Male Balb/c Mice via the Downregulation of 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, and CYP11a Expression. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:125-134. [PMID: 31313246 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (AS) causes abnormalities in the reproductive system; however, the precise cellular pathway of AS toxicity on steroidogenesis in developing F1-male mice has not been clearly defined. In this study, paternal mice were treated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3; 0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm in drinking water) from 5 weeks before mating until weaning and continued for male offspring from weaning until maturity (in vivo). Additionally, Leydig cells (LCs) were isolated from the testes of sacrificed F1-intact mature male mice and incubated with As2O3 (0, 1, 10, and 100 μM) for 48 h (in vitro). Biomarkers of mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress, and several steroidogenic genes, including the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, cytochrome P450 side-chain cleaving enzyme (P450scc; Cyp11a), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD), were evaluated. High doses of As2O3 interrupted testosterone (T) biosynthesis and T-related gene expression in these experimental models. Altogether, overconsumption of As2O3 can cause testicular and LC toxicity through mitochondrial-related pathways and oxidative stress indices as well as downregulation of androgenic-related genes in mice and isolated LCs. These results could lead to the development of preventive/therapeutic procedures against As2O3-induced reproductive toxicity. Graphical Abstract Mohammad Mehdi Ommati and Reza Heidari contributed equally to this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, 158371345, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sabouri
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ladan Zaker
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Farshad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, 158371345, Iran
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, 158371345, Iran
| | - Saeed Mousapour
- Department of Embryo Technology Research Institute, Shahr-e Kord University, Shahr-e Kord, Iran
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20
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Abdoli N, Sadeghian I, Mousavi K, Azarpira N, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Suppression of cirrhosis-related renal injury by N-acetyl cysteine. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 1:30-38. [PMID: 34909640 PMCID: PMC8663932 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis-induced renal injury or cholemic nephropathy (CN) is a serious clinical complication with poor prognosis. CN could finally lead to renal failure and the need for organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there is no specific pharmacological intervention against CN to date. On the other hand, various studies mentioned the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in the pathogenesis of CN. The current study aimed to evaluate the potential protective effects of NAC as a thiol-reducing agent and antioxidant in CN. Bile duct ligation (BDL) was used as a reliable animal model of cholestasis. BDL animals received NAC (0.25% and 1% w: v) in drinking water for 28 consecutive days. Finally, urine, blood, and kidney samples were collected and analyzed. Significant elevation in serum biomarkers of renal injury, along with urine markers of kidney damage, was evident in the BDL group. Moreover, markers of oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and increased oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were evident detected in the kidney of cholestatic rats. Renal tissue antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione (GSH) were also significantly depleted in the BDL group. Significant mitochondrial depolarization, depleted ATP content, and mitochondrial permeabilization was also detected in mitochondria isolated from the kidney of cholestatic animals. Renal histopathological alterations consisted of significant tissue fibrosis, interstitial inflammation, and tubular atrophy. It was found that NAC (0.25 and 1% in drinking water for 28 consecutive days) blunted histopathological changes, decreased markers of oxidative stress, and improved mitochondrial indices in the kidney of cirrhotic rats. Moreover, serum and urine biomarkers of renal injury were also mitigated in upon NAC treatment. These data indicate a potential renoprotective role for NAC in cholestasis. The effects of NAC on cellular redox state and mitochondrial function seem to play a fundamental role in its renoprotective effects during CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Abdoli
- Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Issa Sadeghian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mousavi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Manthari RK, Tikka Chiranjeevi S, Niu R, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Zamiri MJ, Zaker L, Yuan J, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang J. Paternal exposure to arsenic resulted in oxidative stress, autophagy, and mitochondrial impairments in the HPG axis of pubertal male offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 236:124325. [PMID: 31326754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the knowledge of AS-induced reprotoxicity, the literature concerning arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-induced oxidative stress and consequent intracellular events, like autophagy process, in the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal (HPG) axis of F1- pubertal male mice is sparse to date. Hence, we made an attempt to study the reproductive toxicities and the underlying mechanisms induced by As2O3 in the HPG axis of pubertal F1- male mice in correlation with oxidative stress-induced autophagy. Parental mice were challenged with As2O3 (0, 0.2, 2, and 20 ppm) from five weeks before mating, and continued till puberty age for the male pups. It was recorded that higher As2O3 doses (2 and 20 ppm) were a potent inducer of oxidative stress and autophagy in the HPG axis. Concomitant with a decrease on mean body weight, total antioxidant capacity, and stereology indices, an increase in the number of MDC-labeled autophagic vacuoles, and MDA/GSH ratio in HPG axis of pubertal F1- male mice which were exposed to higher As2O3 doses was observed. Meanwhile, concomitant with a dose-dependent increment in the gene expression of ATG3, ATG5, Beclin, as well as protein expression of P62, ATG12, and Beclin in HPG axis tissues; a dose-dependent decrease in PI3K and mTOR gene expression was recorded in the HPG tissues of pubertal F1-males. Altogether, our observations suggest that higher doses of As2O3 have detrimental effects on the functionality of HPG axis in pubertal male mice offspring by increasing MDA/GSH ratio and autophagic cell death-related genes and proteins, as well as by reducing total antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Ommati
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - R Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 158371345, Shiraz, Iran
| | - R K Manthari
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - S Tikka Chiranjeevi
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - R Niu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - Z Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - S Sabouri
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - M J Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, 71441-65186, Shiraz, Iran
| | - L Zaker
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Yuan
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China
| | - J Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, PR China.
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22
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Ghanbarinejad V, Ahmadi A, Niknahad H, Ommati MM, Heidari R. Carnosine Mitigates Manganese Mitotoxicity in an In Vitro Model of Isolated Brain Mitochondria. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:294-301. [PMID: 31380256 PMCID: PMC6664115 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Manganese (Mn) is a neurotoxic chemical which induces a wide range of complications in the brain tissue. Impaired locomotor activity and cognitive dysfunction are associated with high brain Mn content. At the cellular level, mitochondria are potential targets for Mn toxicity. Carnosine is a dipeptide abundantly found in human brain. Several pharmacological properties including mitochondrial protecting and antioxidative effects have been attributed to carnosine. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of carnosine treatment on Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in isolated brain mitochondria.
Methods: Mice brain mitochondria were isolated based on the differential centrifugation method and exposed to increasing concentrations of Mn (10 µM-10 mM). Carnosine (1 mM) was added as the protective agent. Mitochondrial indices including mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity, ATP content, and mitochondrial swelling and permeabilization were assessed.
Results: Significant deterioration in mitochondrial indices were evident in Mn-exposed brain mitochondria. On the other hand, it was found that carnosine (1 mM) treatment efficiently prevented Mn-induced mitochondrial impairment.
Conclusion: These data propose mitochondrial protection as a fundamental mechanism for the effects of carnosine against Mn toxicity. Hence, this peptide might be applicable against Mn neurotoxicity with different etiologies (e.g., in cirrhotic patients).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Asrin Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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23
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The footprints of mitochondrial impairment and cellular energy crisis in the pathogenesis of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and Fanconi's syndrome: A comprehensive review. Toxicology 2019; 423:1-31. [PMID: 31095988 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi's Syndrome (FS) is a disorder characterized by impaired renal proximal tubule function. FS is associated with a vast defect in the renal reabsorption of several chemicals. Inherited and/or acquired conditions seem to be connected with FS. Several xenobiotics including many pharmaceuticals are capable of inducing FS and nephrotoxicity. Although the pathological state of FS is well described, the exact underlying etiology and cellular mechanism(s) of xenobiotics-induced nephrotoxicity, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS are not elucidated. Constant and high dependence of the renal reabsorption process to energy (ATP) makes mitochondrial dysfunction as a pivotal mechanism which could be involved in the pathogenesis of FS. The current review focuses on the footprints of mitochondrial impairment in the etiology of xenobiotics-induced FS. Moreover, the importance of mitochondria protecting agents and their preventive/therapeutic capability against FS is highlighted. The information collected in this review may provide significant clues to new therapeutic interventions aimed at minimizing xenobiotics-induced renal injury, serum electrolytes imbalance, and FS.
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24
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Ghanbarinejad V, Aminian A, Abdoli N, Niknahad H. The neuroprotective properties of carnosine in a mouse model of manganism is mediated via mitochondria regulating and antioxidative mechanisms. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:731-743. [PMID: 30856059 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1552399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element physiologically incorporated in the structure of several vital enzymes. Despite its essentiality, excessive Mn exposure is toxic with brain tissue as the primary target organ. There is no specific and clinically available therapeutic/preventive option against Mn neurotoxicity. Carnosine is a neuropeptide with several physiological roles. The neuroprotective properties of this peptide have been evaluated in different experimental models. The current study was designed to investigate the effect of carnosine supplementation and its potential mechanisms of action in an animal model of Mn-induced neurotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice received Mn (100 mg/kg, s.c) alone and/or in combination with carnosine (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p). Several locomotor activity indices were monitored. Moreover, biomarkers of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function were assessed in the brain tissue of Mn-exposed animals. Results: Significant locomotor dysfunction was revealed in Mn-exposed animals. Furthermore, brain tissue biomarkers of oxidative stress were significantly increased, and mitochondrial indices of functionality were impaired in Mn-treated animals. It was found that carnosine supplementation (10, 50, and 100 mg/kg, i.p) alleviated the Mn-induced locomotor deficit. Moreover, this peptide mitigated oxidative stress biomarkers and preserved brain tissue mitochondrial functionality in the animal model of manganism. Conclusion: These data indicate that carnosine is a potential neuroprotective agent against Mn neurotoxicity. Antioxidative and mitochondria protecting effects of carnosine might play a fundamental role in its neuroprotective properties against Mn toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Ghanbarinejad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Aminian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Narges Abdoli
- Iran Food and Drug Administration (IFDA), Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Niknahad
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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25
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Heidari R. Brain mitochondria as potential therapeutic targets for managing hepatic encephalopathy. Life Sci 2019; 218:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Heidari R, Mandegani L, Ghanbarinejad V, Siavashpour A, Ommati MM, Azarpira N, Najibi A, Niknahad H. Mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis-associated cholemic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 109:271-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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27
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Ommati MM, Jamshidzadeh A, Heidari R, Sun Z, Zamiri MJ, Khodaei F, Mousapour S, Ahmadi F, Javanmard N, Shirazi Yeganeh B. Carnosine and Histidine Supplementation Blunt Lead-Induced Reproductive Toxicity through Antioxidative and Mitochondria-Dependent Mechanisms. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:151-162. [PMID: 29767280 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1358-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb)-induced reproductive toxicity is a well-characterized adverse effect associated with this heavy metal. It has been found that Pb exposure is associated with altered spermatogenesis, increased testicular degeneration, and pathological sperm alterations. On the other hand, it has been reported that Pb-induced reproductive toxicity is associated with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and diminished antioxidant capacity in the reproductive system. Hence, administration of antioxidants as protective agents might be of value against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity. This study was designed to investigate whether carnosine (CAR) and histidine (HIS) supplementation would mitigate the Pb-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Animals received Pb (20 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days) alone or in combination with CAR (250 and 500 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days) or HIS (250 and 500 mg/kg/day, oral, 14 consecutive days). Pb toxicity was evident in the reproductive system by a significant increase in tissue markers of oxidative stress along with severe histopathological changes, seminal tubule damage, tubular desquamation, low spermatogenesis index, poor sperm parameters, and impaired sperm mitochondrial function. It was found that CAR and HIS supplementation blunted the Pb-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat reproductive system. Thereby, antioxidative and mitochondria-protective properties serve as primary mechanisms for CAR and HIS against Pb-induced reproductive toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Akram Jamshidzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Zilong Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine, Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Mousapour
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Javanmard
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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28
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Eftekhari A, Heidari R, Ahmadian E, Eghbal MA. Cytoprotective Properties of Carnosine against Isoniazid-Induced Toxicity in Primary Cultured Rat Hepatocytes. PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.15171/ps.2018.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug-induced liver injury is a critical clinical complication. Hence, finding new and safe protective agents with potential clinical application is of value. Isoniazid (INH) is an antituberculosis agent widely used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in human. On the other hand, hepatotoxicity is a clinical complication associated with isoniazid therapy. Oxidative stress and its associated events are major mechanisms identified for INH-induced liver injury. Carnosine is an endogenously found peptide widely investigated for its hepatoprotective effects. On the other hand, robust antioxidant and cytoprotective effects have been attributed to this peptide. Methods: The current study designed to evaluate the potential cytoprotective properties of carnosine against INH-induced cytotoxicity in drug-exposed primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were incubated with INH (1.2 mM). Results: INH treatment caused significant increase in cell death and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. On the other hand, it was found that markers of oxidative stress including reactive oxygen species were significantly increased in INH-treated cells. Cellular glutathione reservoirs were also depleted in INH-treated group. Carnosine treatment (50 and 100 µM) significantly diminished INH-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Conclusion: These data mention carnosine as a potential protective agent with therapeutic capability against INH hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Eftekhari
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Ahmadian
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Eghbal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Mitochondria protecting amino acids: Application against a wide range of mitochondria-linked complications. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Niknahad H, Heidari R, Mohammadzadeh R, Ommati MM, Khodaei F, Azarpira N, Abdoli N, Zarei M, Asadi B, Rasti M, Shirazi Yeganeh B, Taheri V, Saeedi A, Najibi A. Sulfasalazine induces mitochondrial dysfunction and renal injury. Ren Fail 2018; 39:745-753. [PMID: 29214868 PMCID: PMC6446160 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2017.1399908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfasalazine is a commonly used drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. There are several cases of renal injury encompass sulfasalazine administration in humans. The mechanism of sulfasalazine adverse effects toward kidneys is obscure. Oxidative stress and its consequences seem to play a role in the sulfasalazine-induced renal injury. The current investigation was designed to investigate the effect of sulfasalazine on kidney mitochondria. Rats received sulfasalazine (400 and 600 mg/kg/day, oral) for 14 consecutive days. Afterward, kidney mitochondria were isolated and assessed. Sulfasalazine-induced renal injury was biochemically evident by the increase in serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), gamma-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), and creatinine (Cr). Histopathological presentations of the kidney in sulfasalazine-treated animals revealed by interstitial inflammation, tubular atrophy, and tissue necrosis. Markers of oxidative stress including an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (LPO), a defect in tissue antioxidant capacity, and glutathione (GSH) depletion were also detected in the kidney of sulfasalazine-treated groups. Decreased mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDA), mitochondrial depolarization, mitochondrial GSH depletion, increase in mitochondrial ROS, LPO, and mitochondrial swelling were also evident in sulfasalazine-treated groups. Current data suggested that oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury might be involved in the mechanism of sulfasalazine-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Niknahad
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran.,b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Roya Mohammadzadeh
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- c Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture , Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- d Transplant Research Center , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Narges Abdoli
- e Food and Drug Organization, Ministry of Health , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mahdi Zarei
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Behnam Asadi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Maryam Rasti
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Babak Shirazi Yeganeh
- f Department of Pathology, School of Medicine , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Vahid Taheri
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Arastoo Saeedi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Asma Najibi
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
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31
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Heidari R, Niknahad H, Sadeghi A, Mohammadi H, Ghanbarinejad V, Ommati MM, Hosseini A, Azarpira N, Khodaei F, Farshad O, Rashidi E, Siavashpour A, Najibi A, Ahmadi A, Jamshidzadeh A. Betaine treatment protects liver through regulating mitochondrial function and counteracting oxidative stress in acute and chronic animal models of hepatic injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:75-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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32
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Ommati MM, Heidari R, Jamshidzadeh A, Zamiri MJ, Sun Z, Sabouri S, Wang J, Ahmadi F, Javanmard N, Seifi K, Mousapour S, Yeganeh BS. Dual effects of sulfasalazine on rat sperm characteristics, spermatogenesis, and steroidogenesis in two experimental models. Toxicol Lett 2018; 284:46-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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