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Tachibana H, Nomura M, Funakoshi T, Unuma K, Aki T, Uemura K. Incomplete autophagy and increased cholesterol synthesis during neuronal cell death caused by a synthetic cannabinoid, CP-55,940. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:215-221. [PMID: 38942151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
There is a propensity for synthetic cannabinoid abuse to spread worldwide. CP-55,940, a synthetic cannabinoid having the ability to activate both CB1 and CB2 receptors, has been shown to induce cell death in neurons as well as other cells. Here we investigate molecular events underling the adverse effects of CP-55,940 on neuronal cells. Exposure of mouse neuroblastoma Neuro2a cells to 10-50 µM CP-55,940 results in concentration-dependent cell death that is not accompanied by an induction of apoptosis. CP-55,940 also stimulates autophagy, but the stimulation is not followed by an increase in autophagic degradation. Transcriptome analysis using DNA microarray revealed the increased expression of genes for the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway that is associated with the activation of SREBP-2, the master transcriptional regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis. However, free cholesterol is localized mainly to cytoplasmic structures, although it is localized to the plasma membrane in healthy cells. Thus, cellular trafficking of cholesterol seems to be somewhat disrupted in CP-55,940 stimulated cells. These results show for the first time that CP-55,940 stimulates autophagy as well as cholesterol biosynthesis, although not all the processes involved in the cellular response to CP-55,940 seem to be complete in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Tachibana
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeka Nomura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funakoshi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kana Unuma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Aki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Koichi Uemura
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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Kim J, Huang H, Gilbert E, Arndt K, English DF, Jia X. Tapered Drug delivery, Optical stimulation, and Electrophysiology (T-DOpE) probes reveal the importance of cannabinoid signaling in hippocampal CA1 oscillations in behaving mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.08.544251. [PMID: 37333172 PMCID: PMC10274863 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the neural basis of behavior requires monitoring and manipulating combinations of physiological elements and their interactions in behaving animals. Here we developed a thermal tapering process (TTP) which enables the fabrication of novel, low-cost, flexible probes that combine ultrafine features of dense electrodes, optical waveguides, and microfluidic channels. Furthermore, we developed a semi-automated backend connection allowing scalable assembly of the probes. We demonstrate that our T-DOpE ( T apered D rug delivery, Op tical stimulation, and E lectrophysiology) probe achieves in a single neuron-scale device (1) high-fidelity electrophysiological recording (2) focal drug delivery and (3) optical stimulation. With a tapered geometry, the device tip can be minimized (as small as 50 μm) to ensure minimal tissue damage while the backend is ~20 times larger allowing for direct integration with industrial-scale connectorization. Acute and chronic implantation of the probes in mouse hippocampus CA1 revealed canonical neuronal activity at the level of local field potentials and spiking. Taking advantage of the triple-functionality of the T-DOpE probe, we monitored local field potentials with simultaneous manipulation of endogenous type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1R; via microfluidic agonist delivery) and CA1 pyramidal cell membrane potential (optogenetic activation). Electro-pharmacological experiments revealed that focal infusion of CB1R agonist CP-55,940 in dorsal CA1 downregulated theta and sharp wave-ripple oscillations. Furthermore, using the full electro-pharmacological-optical feature set of the T-DOpE probe we found that CB1R activation reduces sharp wave-ripples (SPW-Rs) by impairing the innate SPW-R-generating ability of the CA1 circuit.
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Orazietti V, Basile G, Giorgetti R, Giorgetti A. Effects of synthetic cannabinoids on psychomotor, sensory and cognitive functions relevant for safe driving. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:998828. [PMID: 36226105 PMCID: PMC9548613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.998828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recreational use of Synthetic Cannabinoids (SCs), one of the largest groups of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), has increased globally over the past few years. Driving is a structured process requiring the cooperation of several cognitive and psychomotor functions, organized in different levels of complexity. Each of these functions can be affected when Driving Under the Influence (DUI) of SCs. In order to reduce the likelihood of SC-related road accidents, it is essential to understand which areas of psychomotor performance are most affected by these substances, as well as the severity of impairment. For this purpose, a multiple database- literature review of recent experimental studies in humans and animals regarding the psychomotor effects of SCs has been performed. Despite the many limitations connected to experimental studies on humans, results showed a consistency between animal and human data. SCs appear to impair psychomotor performance in humans, affecting different domains related to safe driving even at low doses. Cases of DUI of SC have been repeatedly reported, although the exact prevalence is likely to be underestimated due to current analytical and interpretative issues. For this reason, an accurate physical examination performed by trained and experienced personnel has a primary role in recognizing signs of impairment in case of strong suspicion of SC consumption. The identification of a suspected case should be followed by reliable laboratory examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Orazietti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Basile
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Galeazzi Orthopedics Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Arianna Giorgetti
- Department of Excellence of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University of Ancona, Ancona, Italy.,Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Košak U, Brus B, Knez D, Žakelj S, Trontelj J, Pišlar A, Šink R, Jukič M, Živin M, Podkowa A, Nachon F, Brazzolotto X, Stojan J, Kos J, Coquelle N, Sałat K, Colletier JP, Gobec S. The Magic of Crystal Structure-Based Inhibitor Optimization: Development of a Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitor with Picomolar Affinity and in Vivo Activity. J Med Chem 2017; 61:119-139. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urban Košak
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Brus
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Knez
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Žakelj
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jurij Trontelj
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Šink
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Jukič
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Živin
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Florian Nachon
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny
sur Orge, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223 Brétigny
sur Orge, France
| | - Jure Stojan
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov
trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicolas Coquelle
- University Grenoble Alpes, and CNRS and CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Stanislav Gobec
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Sałat K, Podkowa A, Malikowska N, Trajer J. Effect of pregabalin on fear-based conditioned avoidance learning and spatial learning in a mouse model of scopolamine-induced amnesia. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:181-190. [PMID: 27996351 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1273426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive deficits are one of the frequent symptoms accompanying epilepsy or its treatment. METHODS In this study, the effect on cognition of intraperitoneally administered antiepileptic drug, pregabalin (10 mg/kg), was investigated in scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice in the passive avoidance task and Morris water maze task. The effect of scopolamine and pregabalin on animals' locomotor activity was also studied. RESULTS In the retention phase of the passive avoidance task, pregabalin reversed memory deficits induced by scopolamine (p < 0.05). During the acquisition phase of the Morris water maze pregabalin-treated memory-impaired mice performed the test with longer escape latencies than the vehicle-treated mice (significant at p < 0.05 on Day 5, and at p < 0.001 on Day 6). There were no differences in this parameter between the scopolamine-treated control group and pregabalin-treated memory-impaired mice, which indicated that pregabalin had no influence on spatial learning in this task. During the probe trial a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in terms of the mean number of target crossings between vehicle-treated mice and pregabalin-treated memory-impaired mice but there was no difference between the scopolamine-treated control group and mice treated with pregabalin + scopolamine. Pregabalin did not influence locomotor activity increased by scopolamine. DISCUSSION In passive avoidance task, pregabalin reversed learning deficits induced by scopolamine. In the Morris water maze, pregabalin did not influence spatial learning deficits induced by scopolamine. These results are relevant for epileptic patients treated with pregabalin and those who use it for other therapeutic indications (anxiety, pain).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałat
- a Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- a Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Natalia Malikowska
- a Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Jagiellonian University, Medical College , Krakow , Poland
| | - Jędrzej Trajer
- b Department of Fundamental Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering , Warsaw University of Life Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
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The endocannabinoid system and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): From preclinical findings to innovative therapeutic approaches in clinical settings. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:668-678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Santana F, Sierra RO, Haubrich J, Crestani AP, Duran JM, de Freitas Cassini L, de Oliveira Alvares L, Quillfeldt JA. Involvement of the infralimbic cortex and CA1 hippocampal area in reconsolidation of a contextual fear memory through CB1 receptors: Effects of CP55,940. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2015; 127:42-7. [PMID: 26691779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has a pivotal role in different cognitive functions such as learning and memory. Recent evidence confirm the involvement of the hippocampal CB1 receptors in the modulation of both memory extinction and reconsolidation processes in different brain areas, but few studies focused on the infralimbic cortex, another important cognitive area. Here, we infused the cannabinoid agonist CP55,940 either into the infralimbic cortex (IL) or the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus (HPC) of adult male Wistar rats immediately after a short (3min) reactivation session, known to labilize a previously consolidated memory trace in order to allow its reconsolidation with some modification. In both structures, the treatment was able to disrupt reconsolidation in a relatively long lasting way, reducing the freezing response. To our notice, this is the first demonstration of ECS involvement in reconsolidation in the Infralimbic Cortex. Despite poorly discriminative between CB1 and CB2 receptors, CP55,940 is a potent agent, and these results suggest that a similar CB1-dependent circuitry is at work both in HPC and in the IL during memory reconsolidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Santana
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo O Sierra
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Josué Haubrich
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Crestani
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Johanna Marcela Duran
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lindsey de Freitas Cassini
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Alvares
- Neurobiology of Memory Lab, Biophysics Department, Biosciences Institute, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Quillfeldt
- Psychobiology and Neurocomputing Lab, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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The effect of GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitor, tiagabine, on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1155-62. [PMID: 26481535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GABAergic neurotransmission is involved in long-term potentiation, a neurophysiological basis for learning and memory. On the other hand, GABA-enhancing drugs may impair memory and learning in humans and animals. The present study aims at investigating the effect of GAT1 inhibitor tiagabine on memory and learning. METHODS Albino Swiss (CD-1) and C57BL/6J mice were used in the passive avoidance (PA), Morris water maze (MWM) and radial arm water maze (RAWM) tasks. Scopolamine (1mg/kg ip) was applied to induce cognitive deficits. RESULTS In the retention trial of PA scopolamine reduced step-through latency as compared to vehicle-treated mice, and pretreatment with tiagabine did not have any influence on this effect. In MWM the results obtained for vehicle-treated mice, scopolamine-treated group and combined scopolamine+tiagabine-treated mice revealed variable learning abilities in these groups. Tiagabine did not impair learning in the acquisition trial. In RAWM on day 1 scopolamine-treated group made nearly two-fold more errors than vehicle-treated mice and mice that received combined scopolamine and tiagabine. Learning abilities in the latter group were similar to those of vehicle-treated mice in the corresponding trial block on day 1, except for the last trial block, during which tiagabine+scopolamine-injected mice made more errors than control mice and the scopolamine-treated group. In all groups a complete reversal of memory deficits was observed in the last trial block of day 2. CONCLUSIONS The lack of negative influence of tiagabine on cognitive functions in animals with scopolamine-induced memory impairments may be relevant for patients treated with this drug.
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