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Fan X, Yang G, Kowitz J, Akin I, Zhou X, El-Battrawy I. Takotsubo Syndrome: Translational Implications and Pathomechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041951. [PMID: 35216067 PMCID: PMC8875072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is identified as an acute severe ventricular systolic dysfunction, which is usually characterized by reversible and transient akinesia of walls of the ventricle in the absence of a significant obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients present with chest pain, ST-segment elevation or ischemia signs on ECG and increased troponin, similar to myocardial infarction. Currently, the known mechanisms associated with the development of TTS include elevated levels of circulating plasma catecholamines and their metabolites, coronary microvascular dysfunction, sympathetic hyperexcitability, inflammation, estrogen deficiency, spasm of the epicardial coronary vessels, genetic predisposition and thyroidal dysfunction. However, the real etiologic link remains unclear and seems to be multifactorial. Currently, the elusive pathogenesis of TTS and the lack of optimal treatment leads to the necessity of the application of experimental models or platforms for studying TTS. Excessive catecholamines can cause weakened ventricular wall motion at the apex and increased basal motion due to the apicobasal adrenoceptor gradient. The use of beta-blockers does not seem to impact the outcome of TTS patients, suggesting that signaling other than the beta-adrenoceptor-associated pathway is also involved and that the pathogenesis may be more complex than it was expected. Herein, we review the pathophysiological mechanisms related to TTS; preclinical TTS models and platforms such as animal models, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hiPSC-CM) models and their usefulness for TTS studies, including exploring and improving the understanding of the pathomechanism of the disease. This might be helpful to provide novel insights on the exact pathophysiological mechanisms and may offer more information for experimental and clinical research on TTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Guoqiang Yang
- Department of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China;
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Probes, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jacqueline Kowitz
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (I.E.-B.)
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; (X.F.); (J.K.); (I.A.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Heidelberg-Mannheim, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (I.E.-B.)
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Jørgensen AS, Larsen O, Uetz-von Allmen E, Lückmann M, Legler DF, Frimurer TM, Veldkamp CT, Hjortø GM, Rosenkilde MM. Biased Signaling of CCL21 and CCL19 Does Not Rely on N-Terminal Differences, but Markedly on the Chemokine Core Domains and Extracellular Loop 2 of CCR7. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2156. [PMID: 31572374 PMCID: PMC6753178 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine receptors play important roles in the immune system and are linked to several human diseases. Targeting chemokine receptors have so far shown very little success owing to, to some extent, the promiscuity of the immune system and the high degree of biased signaling within it. CCR7 and its two endogenous ligands display biased signaling and here we investigate the differences between the two ligands, CCL21 and CCL19, with respect to their biased activation of CCR7. We use bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) based signaling assays and Transwell migration assays to determine (A) how swapping of domains between the two ligands affect their signaling patterns and (B) how receptor mutagenesis impacts signaling. Using chimeric ligands we find that the chemokine core domains are central for determining signaling outcome as the lack of β-arrestin-2 recruitment displayed by CCL21 is linked to its core domain and not N-terminus. Through a mutagenesis screen, we identify the extracellular domains of CCR7 to be important for both ligands and show that the two chemokines interact differentially with extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2). By using in silico modeling, we propose a link between ECL-2 interaction and CCR7 signal transduction. Our mutagenesis study also suggests a lysine in the top of TM3, K1303.26, to be important for G protein signaling, but not β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Taken together, the bias in CCR7 between CCL19 and CCL21 relies on the chemokine core domains, where interactions with ECL-2 seem particularly important. Moreover, TM3 selectively regulates G protein signaling as found for other chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edith Uetz-von Allmen
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lückmann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel F Legler
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg), University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Frimurer
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher T Veldkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, United States
| | - Gertrud M Hjortø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette M Rosenkilde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cristofaro I, Spinello Z, Matera C, Fiore M, Conti L, De Amici M, Dallanoce C, Tata AM. Activation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors by a hybrid agonist enhances cytotoxic effects in GB7 glioblastoma cancer stem cells. Neurochem Int 2018; 118:52-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Agnati LF, Guidolin D, Cervetto C, Borroto-Escuela DO, Fuxe K. Role of iso-receptors in receptor-receptor interactions with a focus on dopamine iso-receptor complexes. Rev Neurosci 2016; 27:1-25. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIntercellular and intracellular communication processes consist of signals and recognition/decoding apparatuses of these signals. In humans, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family represents the largest family of cell surface receptors. More than 30 years ago, it has been proposed that GPCR could form dimers or higher-order oligomers (receptor mosaics [RMs] at the plasma membrane level and receptor-receptor interactions [RRIs] have been proposed as a new integrative mechanism for chemical signals impinging on cell plasma membranes). The basic phenomena involved in RRIs are allostery and cooperativity of membrane receptors, and the present paper provides basic information concerning their relevance for the integrative functions of RMs. In this context, the possible role of iso-receptor RM is discussed (with a special focus on dopamine receptor subtypes and on some of the RMs they form with other dopamine iso-receptors), and it is proposed that two types of cooperativity, namely, homotropic and heterotropic cooperativity, could allow distinguishing two types of functionally different RMs. From a general point of view, the presence of iso-receptors and their topological organization within RMs allow the use of a reduced number of signals for the intercellular communication processes, since the target cells can recognize and decode the same signal in different ways. This theoretical aspect is further analyzed here by means of an analogy with artificial information systems. Thus, it is suggested that the ‘multiplexer’ and ‘demultiplexer’ concepts could, at least in part, model the role of RMs formed by iso-receptors in the information handling by the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F. Agnati
- 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Via Campi 287, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- 2Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- 3Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Kjell Fuxe
- 4Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius vag 8, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Zajdel P, Bednarski M, Sapa J, Nowak G. Ergotamine and nicergoline - facts and myths. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:360-3. [PMID: 25712664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ergotamine, being a representative of naturally occurring ergoline alkaloids, derived from d-lysergic acid, and nicergoline, a d-lumilysergic acid derivative belonging to semi-synthetic ergot-derived alkaloids, display diversified affinity for adrenergic, serotoninergic, and dopamine receptors. Although introduction of triptans marginalized use of ergotamine, nicergoline is used in cerebral metabolic-vascular disorders, and dementia. Additionally, nicergoline exhibits a safety profile comparable to that of placebo, and none of the reviewed studies reported any incidence of fibrosis or ergotism with nicergoline treatment. In line with the recent data, activation of 5-HT2B receptor by ergot derivatives i.e. ergotamine, methysergide, pergolide, and carbegoline is involved in pathogenesis of drug-induced valvulopathy. In contrary structurally related drugs - lisuride and terguride do not increase the risk of valvular heart disease. It seems, that more detailed mechanistic studies on nicergoline and ergotamine might be beneficial for determining structural requirements related to activation of G-protein as well as alternative signal transduction pathways e.g. β-arrestins or different kinases, and responsible for drug liabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Zajdel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Marek Bednarski
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jacek Sapa
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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