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Galvis-Montes DS, van Loo KMJ, van Waardenberg AJ, Surges R, Schoch S, Becker AJ, Pitsch J. Highly dynamic inflammatory and excitability transcriptional profiles in hippocampal CA1 following status epilepticus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22187. [PMID: 38092829 PMCID: PMC10719343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient brain insults including status epilepticus (SE) can initiate a process termed 'epileptogenesis' that results in chronic temporal lobe epilepsy. As a consequence, the entire tri-synaptic circuit of the hippocampus is fundamentally impaired. A key role in epileptogenesis has been attributed to the CA1 region as the last relay station in the hippocampal circuit and as site of aberrant plasticity, e.g. mediated by acquired channelopathies. The transcriptional profiles of the distinct hippocampal neurons are highly dynamic during epileptogenesis. Here, we aimed to elucidate the early SE-elicited mRNA signature changes and the respective upstream regulatory cascades in CA1. RNA sequencing of CA1 was performed in the mouse pilocarpine-induced SE model at multiple time points ranging from 6 to 72 h after the initial insult. Bioinformatics was used to decipher altered gene expression, signalling cascades and their corresponding cell type profiles. Robust transcriptomic changes were detected at 6 h after SE and at subsequent time points during early epileptogenesis. Major differentially expressed mRNAs encoded primarily immediate early and excitability-related gene products, as well as genes encoding immune signalling factors. Binding sites for the transcription factors Nfkb1, Spi1, Irf8, and two Runx family members, were enriched within promoters of differentially expressed genes related to major inflammatory processes, whereas the transcriptional repressors Suz12, Nfe2l2 and Rest were associated with hyperexcitability and GABA / glutamate receptor activity. CA1 quickly responds to SE by inducing transcription of genes linked to inflammation and excitation stress. Transcription factors mediating this transcriptomic switch represent targets for new highly selected, cell type and time window-specific anti-epileptogenic strategies.
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Grants
- SCHO 820/4-1, SCHO 820/6-1, SCHO 820/7-1, SCHO 820/5-2, SPP1757, SFB1089, FOR 2715 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- SCHO 820/4-1, SCHO 820/6-1, SCHO 820/7-1, SCHO 820/5-2, SPP1757, SFB1089, FOR 2715 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Promotionskolleg 'NeuroImmunology' Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- Promotionskolleg 'NeuroImmunology' Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung
- BONFOR program of the Medical Faculty, University of Bonn
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn (1040)
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Galvis-Montes
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karen M J van Loo
- Department of Epileptology, Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Surges
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Albert J Becker
- Section for Translational Epilepsy Research, Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julika Pitsch
- Department of Epileptology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Involvement of the G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-1 (GPER) Signaling Pathway in Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022:10.1007/s10571-022-01301-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Essawy AE, El-Sayed SA, Tousson E, Abd El-Gawad HS, Alhasani RH, Abd Elkader HTAE. Anti-kindling effect of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract and L-carnitine in the pentylenetetrazol model of epilepsy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:48573-48587. [PMID: 35194715 PMCID: PMC9252962 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19251-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain disorders, affecting about 1% of the population all over the world. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) and L-carnitine (LC) reportedly possess the antioxidative activity and neuroprotective potential. In this report, we investigated the possible protective and therapeutic effects of GbE and LC against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced epileptic seizures in rat hippocampus and hypothalamus. Adult male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups: control, GbE (100 mg/kg), LC (300 mg/kg), PTZ (40 mg/kg), protective groups (GbE + PTZ and LC + PTZ), and therapeutic groups (PTZ + GbE and PTZ + LC). The oxidative stress, antioxidant, and neurochemical parameters, viz., malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), acetylcholine esterase (AchE), dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT), in the hippocampal and hypothalamic regions have been evaluated. PTZ injection leads to an increase in the seizure score, the levels of MDA and NO, and to a decrease in the activity of GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPx. Besides, monoamine neurotransmitters, DA, NE, and 5-HT, were depleted in PTZ-kindled rats. Furthermore, PTZ administration caused a significant elevation in the activity of AchE. Hippocampal and hypothalamic sections from PTZ-treated animals were characterized by severe histopathological alterations and, intensely, increased the ezrin immunolabeled astrocytes. Pre- and post-treatment of PTZ rats with GbE and LC suppressed the kindling acquisition process and remarkably alleviated all the aforementioned PTZ-induced effects. GbE and LC have potent protective and therapeutic effects against PTZ-induced kindling seizures via the amelioration of oxidative/antioxidative imbalance, neuromodulatory, and antiepileptic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina E Essawy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Soad Ahmed El-Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ehab Tousson
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Guo L, Zhou J, Niu J, Wang P, Qiang Y, Liu K, Wen Y, Zhang L, Wang F. GPER1 Modulates Synaptic Plasticity During the Development of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2019-2032. [PMID: 34076791 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03336-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) is a novel type of estrogen receptor. Several studies have shown that it has an anti-inflammatory action,which plays an important role in remyelination and cognitive ability adjustment. However, whether it is involved in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is still unknown. The present study established a TLE model by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride (3 mmol/kg) and pilocarpine (50 mg/kg) in rats to study the effect of GPER1 in the synaptic plasticity during the development of temporal lobe epilepsy. A microinjection cannula was implanted into the lateral ventricle region of rats via a stereotaxic instrument. G-1 is the specific GPER1 agonist and G15 is the specific GPER1 antagonist. The G1 or G15 and Dimethyl sulfoxide were injected into the rat brains in the intervention groups and control group, respectively. After G1 intervention, the learning and memory abilities and hippocampal neuron damage in epileptic rats were significantly improved, while G15 weakened the neuroprotective effect of GPER1. Meanwhile, G1 controlled the abnormal formation of hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting caused by seizures, and participated in the regulation of synaptic plasticity by reducing the expression of Synapsin I and increasing the expression of gephyrin. Inhibitory synapse gephyrin may play a significant role in synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Jianguo Niu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Yujun Wen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China
| | - Lianxiang Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750001, Ningxia, China.
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5
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Evolving targets for anti-epileptic drug discovery. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 887:173582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zuo D, Wang F, Rong W, Wen Y, Sun K, Zhao X, Ren X, He Z, Ding N, Ma L, Xu F. The novel estrogen receptor GPER1 decreases epilepsy severity and susceptivity in the hippocampus after status epilepticus. Neurosci Lett 2020; 728:134978. [PMID: 32302699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.134978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone 17β-estradiol (estrogen) exerts neuroprotective effects in several types of neurological disorders including epilepsy. The novel G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1), also called GPR30, mediates the non-genomic effects of 17β-estradiol. However, the specific role of GPER1 in status epilepticus (SE) remains unclear. In this report, we evaluated the effects of GPER1 on the hippocampus during SE and the underlying mechanism was studied. Our results revealed that pilocarpine-induced GPER1-KD epileptic rats exhibited a shorter latency to generalized convulsions and strikingly elevated seizure severity. Additionally, the electroencephalographic seizure activity also corresponded to these results. Fast-Fourier analysis indicated an enhancement of power in the theta and alpha bands during SE in GPER1-KD rats. In addition, epilepsy-induced pathological changes were dramatically exacerbated in GPER1-KD rats, including neuron damage and neuroinflammation in hippocampus. GPER1 might be associated with the susceptibility to and severity of epileptic seizures. In summary, our results suggested that GPER1 plays a neuroprotective role in SE, and might be a candidate target for epilepsy therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zuo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Weifang Rong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yujun Wen
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Kuisheng Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China; Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, 804 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Xiaofan Ren
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Zhenquan He
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Na Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China
| | - Fang Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750001, China.
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Koyuncuoğlu T, Arabacı Tamer S, Erzik C, Karagöz A, Akakın D, Yüksel M, Yeğen BÇ. Oestrogen receptor ERα and ERβ agonists ameliorate oxidative brain injury and improve memory dysfunction in rats with an epileptic seizure. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:1911-1928. [PMID: 31608530 DOI: 10.1113/ep087986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Could different hormonally active substances, including oestrogen receptor (ER) agonists, protect against oxidative brain damage and memory impairment induced by a single epileptic seizure in rats? If so, which signalling mechanisms are involved in their anti-inflammatory effects? What is the main finding and its importance? Chronic administration of oestrogen, progesterone, ER modulators/agonists or blockade of testosterone exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions on single seizure-induced neuronal injury, while ER agonists additionally improved memory function and up-regulated CREB signalling and hippocampal GABA(A)α1 receptor density, suggesting that ERα or ERβ receptor activation may be beneficial in protecting against seizure-related oxidative brain injury and cognitive dysfunction. ABSTRACT The susceptibility to epileptic seizures is dependent on sex as well as fluctuations in oestrogen levels, while exogenous oestrogen was shown to have no effect or to facilitate or to inhibit seizure activity. Oestrogen receptors (ERs) mediate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in several inflammatory models, but the involvement of ERs in seizure-induced neuronal injury has not been evaluated previously. In order to assess the effects of resveratrol, progesterone, oestradiol (E2), an anti-testosterone (cyproterone acetate; CPA), a selective ER modulator (tamoxifen; TMX) and ERα/ERβ agonists (propyl pyrazole triol (PPT), diarylpropionitrile (DPN)) on oxidative brain damage and memory impairment due to epileptic seizure, male Wistar rats (n = 120) received one of the treatment choices either in drinking water or intraperitoneally for 31 days, and epileptic seizure was induced on the 28th day by injection of a single-dose of pentylenetetrazole (45 mg kg-1 ). The results demonstrate that chronic pretreatment with resveratrol, progesterone, E2, CPA or TMX suppressed most of the inflammatory parameters indicative of oxidative neuronal injury, while treatment with the ER agonists DPN or PPT were found to be even more effective in limiting the oxidative damage. Treatment with DPN resulted in the up-regulation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, while PPT up-regulated expression of CREB without affecting BDNF levels. Moreover, both ER agonists provided protection against seizure-induced memory loss with a concomitant increase in hippocampal GABA(A)α1-positive cells. In conclusion, ER agonists, and more specifically ERβ agonist, appear to provide maximum protection against seizure-induced oxidative brain injury and associated memory dysfunction by up-regulating the expression of CREB, BDNF and GABA(A)α1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Arabacı Tamer
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayça Karagöz
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Vocational School of Health-Related Professions, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berrak Ç Yeğen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Li Q, Han Y, Du J, Jin H, Zhang J, Niu M, Qin J. Alterations of apoptosis and autophagy in developing brain of rats with epilepsy: Changes in LC3, P62, Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 levels. Neurosci Res 2018; 130:47-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Li Q, Han Y, Du J, Jin H, Zhang J, Niu M, Qin J. Recombinant human erythropoietin protects against brain injury through blunting the mTORC1 pathway in the developing brains of rats with seizures. Life Sci 2018; 194:15-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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10
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Li Q, Han Y, Du J, Jin H, Zhang J, Niu M, Qin J. Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Protects Against Hippocampal Damage in Developing Rats with Seizures by Modulating Autophagy via the S6 Protein in a Time-Dependent Manner. Neurochem Res 2017; 43:465-476. [PMID: 29238892 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-017-2443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is among the most common neurological disorders. Recurrent seizures result in neuronal death, cognitive deficits and intellectual disabilities in children. Currently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) is considered to play a neuroprotective role in nervous system disorders. However, the precise mechanisms through which rhEPO modulates epilepsy remain unknown. Based on results from numerous studies, we hypothesized that rhEPO protects against hippocampal damage in developing rats with seizures probably by modulating autophagy via the ribosomal protein S6 (S6) in a time-dependent manner. First, we observed that rats with recurrent seizures displayed neuronal loss in the hippocampal CA1 region. Second, rhEPO injection reduced neuronal loss and decreased the number of apoptotic cells in the hippocampal CA1 region. Moreover, rhEPO increased the Bcl-2 protein expression levels and decreased the ratio of cleaved caspase-3/caspase-3 in the hippocampus. Finally, rhEPO modulated autophagy in the hippocampus in a time-dependent manner, probably via the S6 protein. In summary, rhEPO protects against hippocampal damage in developing rats with seizures by modulating autophagy in a time-dependent manner, probably via the S6 protein. Consequently, rhEPO is a likely drug candidate that is capable of attenuating brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi-An Men Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi-An Men Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi-An Men Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi-An Men Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi-An Men Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Niu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, No. 1, Xi-An Men Street, Beijing, 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xi Zhi Men Street, Beijing, 100044, People's Republic of China.
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Potentiation of 17β-estradiol synthesis in the brain and elongation of seizure latency through dietary supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6268. [PMID: 28740157 PMCID: PMC5524681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) attenuates epileptic seizures; however, the molecular mechanism by which it achieves this effect is still largely unknown. DHA stimulates the retinoid X receptor, which reportedly regulates the expression of cytochrome P450 aromatase (P450arom). This study aimed to clarify how DHA suppresses seizures, focusing on the regulation of 17β-estradiol synthesis in the brain. Dietary supplementation with DHA increased not only the expression of P450arom, but also 17β-estradiol in the cerebral cortex. While DHA did not affect the duration or scores of the seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, DHA significantly prolonged the seizure latency. A P450arom inhibitor, letrozole, reduced 17β-estradiol levels and completely suppressed the elongation of seizure latency elicited by DHA. These results suggest that DHA delays the onset of seizures by promoting the synthesis of 17β-estradiol in the brain. DHA upregulated the expression of anti-oxidative enzymes in the cerebral cortex. The oxidation in the cerebral cortex induced by pentylenetetrazole was significantly attenuated by DHA, and letrozole completely inhibited this suppressive action. Thus, the anti-oxidative effects of 17β-estradiol may be involved in the prevention of seizures mediated by DHA. This study revealed that 17β-estradiol in the brain mediated the physiological actions of DHA.
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