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Kumar RR, Sahu B, Pathania S, Singh PK, Akhtar MJ, Kumar B. Piperazine, a Key Substructure for Antidepressants: Its Role in Developments and Structure-Activity Relationships. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1878-1901. [PMID: 33751807 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the single largest contributor to global disability with a huge economic and social burden on the world. There are a number of antidepressant drugs on the market, but treatment-resistant depression and relapse of depression in a large number of patients have increased problems for clinicians. One peculiarity observed in most of the marketed antidepressants is the presence of a piperazine substructure. Although piperazine is also used in the optimization of other pharmacological agents, it is almost extensively used for the development of novel antidepressants. One common understanding is that this is due to its favorable CNS pharmacokinetic profile; however, in the case of antidepressants, piperazine plays a much bigger role and is involved in specific binding conformations of these agents. Therefore, in this review, a critical analysis of the significance of the piperazine moiety in the development of antidepressants has been performed. An overview of current developments in the designing and synthesis of piperazine-based antidepressants (2015 onwards) along with SAR studies is also provided. The various piperazine-based therapeutic agents in early- or late-phase human testing for depression are also discussed. The preclinical compounds discussed in this review will help researchers understand how piperazine actually influences the design and development of novel antidepressant compounds. The SAR studies discussed will provide crucial clues about the structural features and optimizations required to enhance the efficacy and potency of piperazine-based antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Ranjan Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Bhaskar Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shelly Pathania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - M Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Bhupinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, G.T Road, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
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Mozaffarnia S, Teimuri-Mofrad R, Rashidi MR. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-1H-inden-1-one and piperazinium salt hybrid derivatives as hAChE and hBuChE enzyme inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 191:112140. [PMID: 32088494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
2,3-Dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[4-(4-alkyl-4-methylpiperazinium-1-yl)benzylidine]-1H-inden-1-one halide salt derivatives as a novel donepezil hybrid analogs with the property of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) enzyme inhibition were designed and synthesized via N-alkylation reaction of 2,3-dihydro-5,6-dimethoxy-2-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)benzylidene]-1H-inden-1-one with some alkyl halides. Biological tests demonstrated that most of the synthesized compounds have moderate to good inhibitory activities effect on cholinesterase enzymes. Among them, 10e showed the best profile as a selected compound for inhibition of hAChE (IC50 = 0.32) and hBuChE (IC50 = 0.43 μM) enzymes. Kinetic analysis and molecular docking led to a better understanding of this compound. Kinetic studies disclosed that 10e inhibited acetylcholinesterase in mixed-type and butyrylcholinesterase in non-competitive type. The toxicity results showed that 10e is less toxic than donepezil and has better inhibitory activity against hBuChE when compared to donepezil or Galantamine. Other performed experiments revealed that 10e has an anti-β amyloid effect which is capable of reducing ROS, LDH and MDA also possing positive effect on TAC. On the other hand, it has shown a good anti-inflammation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Mozaffarnia
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Teimuri-Mofrad
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Rashidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mishra CB, Shalini S, Gusain S, Prakash A, Kumari J, Kumari S, Yadav AK, Lynn AM, Tiwari M. Development of novel N-(6-methanesulfonyl-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-(4-substituted-piperazin-1-yl)-propionamides with cholinesterase inhibition, anti-β-amyloid aggregation, neuroprotection and cognition enhancing properties for the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17602-17619. [PMID: 35515597 PMCID: PMC9053591 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of benzothiazole–piperazine hybrids were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The synthesized hybrid molecules illustrated modest to strong inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ1-42 aggregation. Compound 12 emerged as the most potent hybrid molecule exhibiting balanced functions with effective, uncompetitive and selective inhibition against AChE (IC50 = 2.31 μM), good copper chelation, Aβ1-42 aggregation inhibition (53.30%) and disaggregation activities. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and TEM analysis also validate the Aβ fibril inhibition ability of this compound. Furthermore, this compound has also shown low toxicity and is capable of impeding loss of cell viability elicited by H2O2 neurotoxicity in SHSY-5Y cells. Notably, compound 12 significantly improved cognition and spatial memory against scopolamine-induced memory deficit in a mouse model. Hence, our results corroborate the multifunctional nature of novel hybrid molecule 12 against AD and it may be a suitable lead for further development as an effective therapeutic agent for therapy in the future. A novel series of benzothiazole–piperazine hybrids were rationally designed, synthesized, and evaluated as multifunctional ligands against Alzheimer's disease (AD).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Shruti Shalini
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Siddharth Gusain
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health (AIISH)
- Amity University Haryana
- Gurgaon-122413
- India
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Anita Kumari Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
| | - Andrew M. Lynn
- School of Computational & Integrative Sciences
- Jawaharlal Nehru University
- New Delhi 110067
- India
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research
- University of Delhi
- New Delhi 110007
- India
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Szulczyk D, Bielenica A, Kędzierska E, Leśniak A, Pawłowska A, Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Saccone I, Sparaco R, Fiorino F, Savchenko O, Struga M. G protein-coupled receptor binding and pharmacological evaluation of indole-derived thiourea compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 353:e1900218. [PMID: 31782553 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Four 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethylthiourea derivatives were prepared by condensation of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethanamine with the corresponding aryl/alkylisothiocyanates in a medium-polarity solvent. Their structures were confirmed by spectral techniques, and the molecular structure of 3 was determined by X-ray crystal analysis. For all derivatives, the binding affinities at the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors, as well as their functional activities at the 5-HT1A and D2 receptors, were determined. The arylthioureas 1 and 4 were the most active at the 5-HT1A receptor, showing, at the same time, significant selectivity over the studied 5-HT2 and D2 receptor subtypes. The compounds were tested for their pharmacological activities within the central nervous system in relevant mouse models. The involvement of the serotonergic system in the activity of 1 and 4 was indicated. The antinociceptive action of 4 was linked to its anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Szulczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Anna Bielenica
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Kędzierska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Leśniak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medicine Division, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Agata Pawłowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medicine Division, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bujalska-Zadrożny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medicine Division, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Laboratory, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Irene Saccone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Sparaco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Marta Struga
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Siraj F, Yadav R, Kumari S, Tiwari AK, Tiwari M. The anti-epileptogenic and cognition enhancing effect of novel 1-[4-(4-benzo [1, 3] dioxol-5-ylmethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-phenyl]-3-phenyl-urea (BPPU) in pentylenetetrazole induced chronic rat model of epilepsy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:470-480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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6
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Bua S, Buonanno M, Monti SM, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of potent anti-convulsant carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo appraisal. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 156:430-443. [PMID: 30015076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the design, synthesis and pharmacological assessment of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives acting as effective carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their CA inhibitory action against four isoforms of human origin (h), i.e. hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII and hCA IX. In-vitro carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies have shown that first series, 4-(2-(4-(4-substitutedpiperazin-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazinyl)benzenesulfonamides (4a- 4i) bestowed low nanomolar range to medium nanomolar range inhibitors against hCA II and hCA VII, effectively involved in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, compounds belonging to the second series, 4-(2-(4-(4-substitutedpiperazin-yl)benzylidene)hydrazinecarbonyl)benzenesulfonamides (8a-8k) showed effective inhibition against hCA VII, being less effective against other hCA isoforms. Inspiring with obtained CA inhibition results, we have chosen some of the potent hCA II and hCA VII inhibitors (4g, 4i and 8d) to test their anti-convulsant efficacy in MES and sc-PTZ seizure tests in Swiss Albino male mice. In result, these compounds significantly attenuated both electrical (MES) as well as chemical (sc-PTZ) induced seizures. Next, in advance anticonvulsant tests, compound 8d displayed long duration of action in time course study and successfully attenuated MES induced seizure in mice up to 6 h after drug administration without showing neurotoxicity in rotarod test. Moreover, this compound was also found to be orally active and effectively abolished generalized tonic-clonic seizures in male Wistar rats upon oral administration, being non-toxic in sub acute toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Universita` degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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7
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Prakash A, Yadav R, Tiwari AK, Pandey P, Tiwari M. Discovery of novel Methylsulfonyl phenyl derivatives as potent human Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors with effective anticonvulsant action: Design, synthesis, in-silico, in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:520-532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Bua S, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of Benzenesulfonamide Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3151-3165. [PMID: 29566486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two series of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against four isoforms, hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII, and hCA IX. It was found that compounds of both series showed low to medium nanomolar inhibitory potential against all isoforms. Some of these derivatives displayed selective inhibition against the epileptogenesis related isoforms hCA II and VII, within the nanomolar range. These potent hCA II and VII inhibitors were evaluated as anticonvulsant agents against MES and sc-PTZ induced convulsions. These sulfonamides effectively abolished induced seizures in both models. Furthermore, time dependent seizure protection capability of the most potent compound was also evaluated. A long duration of action was displayed, with efficacy up to 6 h after drug administration. The compound appeared as an orally active anticonvulsant agent without showing neurotoxicity in a rotarod test, a nontoxic chemical profile being observed in subacute toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research , University of Delhi , 110007 Delhi , India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , 50019 Florence , Italy
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9
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Mishra CB, Kumari S, Angeli A, Monti SM, Buonanno M, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Discovery of Benzenesulfonamides with Potent Human Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory and Effective Anticonvulsant Action: Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Assessment. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2456-2469. [PMID: 28253618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report two series of novel benzenesulfonamide derivatives acting as effective carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. The synthesized compounds were tested against human (h) isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA VII, and hCA XII. The first series of compounds, 4-(3-(2-(4-substitued piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)ureido)benzenesulfonamides, showed low nanomolar inhibitory action against hCA II, being less effective against the other isoforms. The second series, 2-(4-substitued piperazin-1-yl)-N-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)acetamide derivatives, showed low nanomolar inhibitory activity against hCA II and hCA VII, isoforms involved in epileptogenesis. Some of these derivatives were evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity and displayed effective seizure protection against MES and scPTZ induced seizures in Swiss Albino mice. These sulfonamides were also found effective upon oral administration to Wistar rats and inhibited MES induced seizure episodes in this animal model of the disease. Some of the new compounds showed a long duration of action in the performed time course anticonvulsant studies, being nontoxic in subacute toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB) CNR ,via Mezzocannone, Naples, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB) CNR ,via Mezzocannone, Naples, Italy
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi , Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Florence, Italy
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10
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Ozay O, Yildirim M, Ozay H. Synthesis, structural characterization, and anion interactions of new triazole-linked urea derivative fully substituted cyclotriphosphazene compounds. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2016.1237950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Ozay
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale/Lapseki, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yildirim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Hava Ozay
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
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Kumari S, Mishra CB, Idrees D, Prakash A, Yadav R, Hassan MI, Tiwari M. Design, synthesis, in silico and biological evaluation of novel 2-(4-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazine carboxamides. Mol Divers 2016; 21:163-174. [PMID: 28039637 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(4-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzylidene)hydrazinecarboxamide derivatives has been successfully designed and synthesized to evaluate their potential as carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. The inhibitory potential of synthesized compounds against human CAI and CAII was evaluated. Compounds 3a-n exhibited [Formula: see text] values between [Formula: see text] against CAI and [Formula: see text] against CAII. Compound 3g was the most active inhibitor, with an [Formula: see text] value of [Formula: see text] against CAII. Molecular docking studies of compound 3g with CAII showed this compound fits nicely in the active site of CAII and it interacts with the zinc ion ([Formula: see text]) along with three histidine residues in the active site. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of compound 3g complexed with CAII also showed essential interactions which were maintained up to 40 ns of simulation. In vivo sub-acute toxicity study using 3g (300 mg/kg) was found non-toxic in adult Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kumari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Danish Idrees
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Rajesh Yadav
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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12
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Design, synthesis, in-silico and biological evaluation of novel donepezil derivatives as multi-target-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:736-750. [PMID: 27721157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of donepezil based multi-functional agents "(E)-5,6-dimethoxy-2-(4-(4-substituted piperazin-1-yl)benzylidene)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones" have been designed and synthesized as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. In-vitro studies revealed that these compounds demonstrated moderate to good AChE and Aβ aggregation inhibitory activity. These derivatives are also endowed with admirable antioxidant activity. Among the entire series compounds IP-9, IP-13 and IP-15 appeared as most active multi-functional agents and displayed marked AChE inhibitory, Aβ disaggregation and antioxidant activity. Studies indicate that IP-13 and IP-15 showed better AChE inhibitory activity than the standard drug donepezil and IP-9, IP-13 as well as IP-15 exhibited better Aβ aggregation inhibitory activity than curcumin. These compounds (IP-9, IP-13 and IP-15) successfully diminished H2O2 induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells and displayed excellent neuroprotective activity against H2O2 as well as Aβ induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration dependent manner. Moreover, these derivatives did not exert any significant toxicity in neuronal SH-SY5Y cells in cytotoxicity assay. To elucidate the plausible binding mode of the compounds IP-9, IP-13 and IP-15, molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies were also performed and the results indicate their significant interactions with the active sites of AChE as well as Aβ1-42 peptide. Thus, the present study evidently showed that IP-9, IP-13 and IP-15 are potent multi-functional agents against Alzheimer's disease and might serve as promising lead candidates for anti-Alzheimer drug development.
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13
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel indandione derivatives as multifunctional agents with cholinesterase inhibition, anti-β-amyloid aggregation, antioxidant and neuroprotection properties against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3829-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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