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Lohia S, Siwy J, Mavrogeorgis E, Eder S, Thöni S, Mayer G, Mischak H, Vlahou A, Jankowski V. Exploratory Study Analyzing the Urinary Peptidome of T2DM Patients Suggests Changes in ECM but Also Inflammatory and Metabolic Pathways Following GLP-1R Agonist Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13540. [PMID: 37686344 PMCID: PMC10488289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90% of all diabetes mellitus cases in the world. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have established an increased capability to target directly or indirectly six core defects associated with T2DM, while the underlying molecular mechanisms of these pharmacological effects are not fully known. This exploratory study was conducted to analyze the effect of treatment with GLP-1R agonists on the urinary peptidome of T2DM patients. Urine samples of thirty-two T2DM patients from the PROVALID study ("A Prospective Cohort Study in Patients with T2DM for Validation of Biomarkers") collected pre- and post-treatment with GLP-1R agonist drugs were analyzed by CE-MS. In total, 70 urinary peptides were significantly affected by GLP-1R agonist treatment, generated from 26 different proteins. The downregulation of MMP proteases, based on the concordant downregulation of urinary collagen peptides, was highlighted. Treatment also resulted in the downregulation of peptides from SERPINA1, APOC3, CD99, CPSF6, CRNN, SERPINA6, HBA2, MB, VGF, PIGR, and TTR, many of which were previously found to be associated with increased insulin resistance and inflammation. The findings indicate potential molecular mechanisms of GLP-1R agonists in the context of the management of T2DM and the prevention or delaying of the progression of its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonnal Lohia
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justyna Siwy
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | - Emmanouil Mavrogeorgis
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, 30659 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Eder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (G.M.)
| | - Stefanie Thöni
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (G.M.)
| | - Gert Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Nephrology and Hypertension), Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria (G.M.)
| | | | - Antonia Vlahou
- Center of Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Sheth S, Patel A, Foreman M, Mumtaz M, Reddy A, Sharaf R, Sheth S, Lucke-Wold B. The protective role of GLP-1 in neuro-ophthalmology. EXPLORATION OF DRUG SCIENCE 2023; 1:221-238. [PMID: 37711214 PMCID: PMC10501042 DOI: 10.37349/eds.2023.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in the field of neuro-ophthalmology, the rising rates of neurological and ophthalmological conditions, mismatches between supply and demand of clinicians, and an aging population underscore the urgent need to explore new therapeutic approaches within the field. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), traditionally used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, are becoming increasingly appreciated for their diverse applications. Recently, GLP-1RAs have been approved for the treatment of obesity and recognized for their cardioprotective effects. Emerging evidence indicates some GLP-1RAs can cross the blood-brain barrier and may have neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this article aims to review the literature on the neurologic and neuro-ophthalmic role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). This article describes GLP-1 peptide characteristics and the mechanisms mediating its known role in increasing insulin, decreasing glucagon, delaying gastric emptying, and promoting satiety. This article identifies the sources and targets of GLP-1 in the brain and review the mechanisms which mediate its neuroprotective effects, as well as implications for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, the preclinical works which unravel the effects of GLP-1 in ocular dynamics and the preclinical literature regarding GLP-1RA use in the management of several neuro-ophthalmic conditions, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum Sheth
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Aashay Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Marco Foreman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Mohammed Mumtaz
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Akshay Reddy
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Ramy Sharaf
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Siddharth Sheth
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
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Ye L, Jiaqi Z, Jianchao W, Zhaohui F, Liang Y, Xiaohui Z. Comparative efficacy and safety of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2020; 11:2040622320953349. [PMID: 32953000 PMCID: PMC7475790 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320953349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) accounts for more than 90% of severe visual loss or legal blindness among AMD patients. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) had been applied widely in nAMD treatment. To date, debate regarding efficacy and safety still exists among different anti-VEGF regimens as management of nAMD. To provide substantial evidence for clinical nAMD treatment, this study ranks the priority of anti-VEGF regimens via Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA), comparing data collected from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched PubMed Central, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, ISRCTN, ICTRP and ClinicalTrials. gov from a database established until 1 April 2019 systematically for anti-VEGF regimens. Bayesian NMA with random-effect was conducted to compare efficacy and safety and rank priority of anti-VEGF regimens. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were the proportion of patients gaining 15 or more letters, and the incidence of arterial thromboembolic (ATC) events. The effect measure is the standard mean difference (SMD), or the odds ratio (OR) with their 95% confidence interval (CI). The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42019132243. Results: We obtained 6467 citations and identified 29 RCTs including 13,596 participants; 86% of these trials were low risk or of uncertain risk bias. In NMA, ORs compared with sham injection for the proportion of patients gaining 15 or more letters (12,699 participants from 23 trials) ranged from 4.05 [95% Bayesian credible interval (CrI) 1.62–10.11] for ranibizumab quarterly regimen to 8.57 (95% CrI 4.66–15.73) for a ranibizumab treat-and-extend regimen. No difference was found between sham injection and anti-VEGF regimens for ATC events (11,500 participants from 18 trials). Results for the primary outcome did not substantially change in sensitivity analyses after removing studies at high risk of bias and small sample size (n < 100), respectively. Conclusion: The treat-and-extend regimen of ranibizumab and aflibercept are the preferred anti-VEGF regimens for nAMD. Bevacizumab treat-and-extend regimens need more head-to-head comparisons with other regimens or sham injection for advanced application. The treat-and-extend regimen proved to be the most effective regimen for each anti-VEGF drug in the NMA. Pegaptanib every 6 weeks and Conbercept quarterly are unable to satisfy the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement requirement of nAMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ye
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhao Jiaqi
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wang Jianchao
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhaohui
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yao Liang
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Zhang Xiaohui
- Ophthalmology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an, 710004, PR China
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Ji JJ, Qian LL, Zhu Y, Wu YP, Guo JQ, Ma GS, Yao YY. Serpina3c protects against high-fat diet-induced pancreatic dysfunction through the JNK-related pathway. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109745. [PMID: 32828866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serpina3 is a member of the serine protease inhibitor family and is involved in the inflammatory response. In this study, we investigated the effect of Serpina3c on pancreatic function in hypercholesterolemic mice. METHODS To investigate the role of Serpina3c in hyperlipidaemia, Serpina3c knockout mice were bred with Apoe-knockout mice (on a C57BL/6 background) to generate heterozygous Serpina3c-Apoe double knockout (Serpina3c+/-/Apoe+/-) mice and were then bred to obtain homozygotes. C57BL/6, Serpina3c-/-, Apoe-/-, and Apoe-/-Serpina3c-/- mice were fed normal chow, and Apoe-/- and Apoe-/-Serpina3c-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). After feeding for 3 months, the mice were monitored for body weight, blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance test (ITT). ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to detect insulin levels and glucagon expression. Immunohistochemical staining for macrophages in the pancreas was also performed. Western blot analysis was performed on pancreatic tissues to detect the protein levels of insulin-associated molecules, the metalloproteinase MMP2, the tissue inhibitor TIMP2 and components of the JNK-related pathway. RESULTS Blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and ITT were not significantly different among the groups. Serpina3c knockout resulted in blood lipid abnormalities in mice under HFD conditions. Insulin secretion was decreased in Apoe-/-Serpina3c-/- mice compared with Apoe-/- mice under normal chow conditions. In addition, Apoe-/-Serpina3c-/- mice exhibited increased insulin and glucagon secretion and expression after three months of HFD feeding, but insulin secretion was decreased in Apoe-/-Serpina3c-/- mice compared with Apoe-/- mice after the fifth month of HFD feeding. Serpina3c knockout increased MMP2 protein levels, whereas TIMP2 levels in the pancreas were decreased. Furthermore, Serpina3c knockout significantly upregulated the number of macrophages in the pancreas under HFD conditions. The JNK/AKT/FOXO1/PDX-1 axis was found to be involved in Serpina3c-regulated insulin secretion. CONCLUSION These novel findings show that Serpina3c could play a protective role in insulin secretion partly through the JNK-related pathway under HFD conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Ling-Lin Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yan-Ping Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Jia-Qi Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Gen-Shan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yu-Yu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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Tao Y, Ge G, Wang Q, Wang W, Zhang W, Bai J, Lin J, Shen J, Guo X, Xu Y, Geng D. Exenatide ameliorates inflammatory response in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:969-977. [PMID: 30897288 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by degradation of cartilage and bone, accompanied by unimpeded proliferation of synoviocytes of altered phenotype. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor on human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the pathogenesis of RA using the selective GLP-1 agonist exenatide, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that exenatide may play a role in regulating tumor necrosis factor-α-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, the expression of NADPH oxidase 4, expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and MMP-13, release of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and high-mobility group protein 1, as well as activation of the p38/nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, α/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway in primary human RA FLS. These positive results indicate that exenatide may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of RA. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 9999(9999):1-9, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jining Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The first Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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