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Jüttner AA, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Pharmacological developments in antihypertensive treatment through nitric oxide-cGMP modulation. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 94:57-94. [PMID: 35659377 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of hypertension until now has been directed at inhibition of vasoconstriction, of cardiac contractility and of blood volume regulation. Despite the arsenal of drugs available for this purpose, the control of target blood pressure is still a difficult goal to reach in outpatients. The nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is one of the most important mediators of vasodilation. It might therefore be a potential and most welcome drug target for optimization of the treatment of hypertension. In this chapter we review the problems that can occur in this signaling system, the attempts that have been made to correct these problems, and those that are still under investigation. Recently developed, clinically safe medicines that are currently approved for other applications, such as myocardial infarction, await to be tested for essential systemic hypertension. We conclude that despite many years of research without translation, stimulation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate is still a viable strategy in the prevention of the health risk posed by chronic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika A Jüttner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Vascular Disease and Pharmacology, Erasmus Medical Center, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ataei Ataabadi E, Golshiri K, Jüttner A, Krenning G, Danser AHJ, Roks AJM. Nitric Oxide-cGMP Signaling in Hypertension: Current and Future Options for Pharmacotherapy. Hypertension 2020; 76:1055-1068. [PMID: 32829664 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
For the treatment of systemic hypertension, pharmacological intervention in nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling is a well-explored but unexploited option. In this review, we present the identified drug targets, including oxidases, mitochondria, soluble guanylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterase 1 and 5, and protein kinase G, important compounds that modulate them, and the current status of (pre)clinical development. The mode of action of these compounds is discussed, and based upon this, the clinical opportunities. We conclude that drugs that directly target the enzymes of the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate cascade are currently the most promising compounds, but that none of these compounds is under investigation as a treatment option for systemic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Ataei Ataabadi
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Keivan Golshiri
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Annika Jüttner
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Guido Krenning
- Sulfateq B.V., Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.).,Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands (G.K.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
| | - Anton J M Roks
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (E.A.A., K.G., A.J., A.H.J.D., A.J.M.R.)
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Garcia VP, Rocha HN, Silva GM, Amaral TA, Secher NH, Nóbrega AC, Vianna LC, Rocha NG. Exogenous l-arginine reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities and oxidative stress in patients with hypertension. Life Sci 2016; 157:125-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kamhieh-Milz S, Kamhieh-Milz J, Tauchmann Y, Ostermann T, Shah Y, Kalus U, Salama A, Michalsen A. Regular blood donation may help in the management of hypertension: an observational study on 292 blood donors. Transfusion 2015; 56:637-44. [PMID: 26643612 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is one of the leading global risks for cardiovascular events worldwide. There is preliminary evidence that regular blood donation may be beneficial. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Unselected blood donors were included in this observational study. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before and after blood donation, with participants donating between one and four occasions in a 1-year study period. RESULTS In this study, 292 donors were enrolled. At baseline, 146 had elevated BP (> 140/90 mmHg). In hypertensives, after four blood donations, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively) decreased from a mean of 155.9 ± 13.0 to 143.7 ± 15.0 mmHg and from 91.4 ± 9.2 to 84.5 ± 9.3 mmHg, respectively (each p < 0.001). There was a clear dose effect with decreasing BP by the increasing number of blood donations. After at least four blood donations, donors with Stage II hypertensive baseline values (≥ 160 mmHg SBP and/or ≥ 100 mmHg DBP) were found to have the most marked reduction in BP, with 17.1 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], -23.2 to -11.0; p < 0.0001) and 11.7 mmHg (95% CI, -17.1 to -6.1; p = 0.0006) for SBP and DBP, respectively. The decrease in BP was not significantly associated with changes of blood count or variables of iron metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Regular blood donation is associated with pronounced decreases of BP in hypertensives. This beneficial effect of blood donation may open a new door regarding community health care and cost reduction in the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundrela Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics.,Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yvonne Tauchmann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Ostermann
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Herdecke, Germany
| | - Yatin Shah
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalus
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdulgabar Salama
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Michalsen
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics.,Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ribaudo G, Pagano MA, Pavan V, Redaelli M, Zorzan M, Pezzani R, Mucignat-Caretta C, Vendrame T, Bova S, Zagotto G. Semi-synthetic derivatives of natural isoflavones from Maclura pomifera as a novel class of PDE-5A inhibitors. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:132-8. [PMID: 26136059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural (iso)flavonoids have been recently reported to inhibit cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) and induce vasorelaxation, albeit the results described in the literature are discordant. The cGMP-selective isoform PDE-5A, in particular, represents the target of sildenafil and its analogues in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) and pulmonary hypertension by promoting relaxation in vascular smooth muscle through the activation of the NO/cGMP pathway. We undertook this study to verify if osajin and pomiferin, two natural prenylated isoflavones and major constituents of Maclura pomifera extracts previously investigated for their anticancer, antibacterial and antidiabetic properties, show inhibitory activity on PDE-5A. These two isoflavones were isolated from the plant extracts and then synthetically modified to obtain a set of semi-synthetic derivatives with slight and focused modifications on the natural scaffold. The compounds were at first screened against PDE-5A in vitro and, based on the encouraging results, further tested for their relaxant effect on isolated rat artery rings. Computational docking studies were also carried out to explore the mode of interaction with the target protein. The obtained data were compared to the behaviour of the well-known PDE-5A inhibitor sildenafil. Our results demonstrate that semi-synthetic derivatives of osajin and pomiferin show an inhibitory effect on the isolated enzyme that, for some of the compounds, is accompanied by a vasorelaxant activity. Based on our findings, we propose the here described isoflavones as potential lead compounds for the development, starting from natural scaffolds, of a new class of PDE-5A inhibitors with vasorelaxant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Ribaudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Angelo Pagano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Pavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Redaelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maira Zorzan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Bova
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zagotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Namjoyan F, Azemi ME, Abdollahi E, Goudarzi N, Nikan K. Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nardostachys jatamansi, Prangos ferulacea and Marrubium vulgare. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2015. [DOI: 10.17795/jjnpp-17255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Mischel NA, Subramanian M, Dombrowski MD, Llewellyn-Smith IJ, Mueller PJ. (In)activity-related neuroplasticity in brainstem control of sympathetic outflow: unraveling underlying molecular, cellular, and anatomical mechanisms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H235-43. [PMID: 25957223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00929.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More people die as a result of physical inactivity than any other preventable risk factor including smoking, high cholesterol, and obesity. Cardiovascular disease, the number one cause of death in the United States, tops the list of inactivity-related diseases. Nevertheless, the vast majority of Americans continue to make lifestyle choices that are creating a rapidly growing burden of epidemic size and impact on the United States healthcare system. It is imperative that we improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which physical inactivity increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease and how exercise can prevent or rescue the inactivity phenotype. The current review summarizes research on changes in the brain that contribute to inactivity-related cardiovascular disease. Specifically, we focus on changes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a critical brain region for basal and reflex control of sympathetic activity. The RVLM is implicated in elevated sympathetic outflow associated with several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension and heart failure. We hypothesize that changes in the RVLM contribute to chronic cardiovascular disease related to physical inactivity. Data obtained from our translational rodent models of chronic, voluntary exercise and inactivity suggest that functional, anatomical, and molecular neuroplasticity enhances glutamatergic neurotransmission in the RVLM of sedentary animals. Collectively, the evidence presented here suggests that changes in the RVLM resulting from sedentary conditions are deleterious and contribute to cardiovascular diseases that have an increased prevalence in sedentary individuals. The mechanisms by which these changes occur over time and their impact are important areas for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Mischel
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Madhan Subramanian
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Maryetta D Dombrowski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and
| | - Ida J Llewellyn-Smith
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and Cardiovascular Medicine, Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Patrick J Mueller
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan; and
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Hunt
- From the University of Warwick, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, Coventry, UK
| | - Francesco P. Cappuccio
- From the University of Warwick, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, Division of Mental Health & Wellbeing, Coventry, UK
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Synthesis, docking study and relaxant effect of 2-alkyl and 2-naphthylchromones on rat aorta and guinea-pig trachea through phosphodiesterase inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2013; 50:17-25. [PMID: 23933402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromone (4), which form the base structure of various flavonoids isolated as natural products, is capable of relaxing smooth muscle. This is relevant to the treatment of high blood pressure, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The former disorder involves the contraction of vascular smooth muscle (VSM), and the latter two bronchoconstriction of airway smooth muscle (ASM). One of the principal mechanisms by which flavonoids relax muscle tissue is the inhibition of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), present in both VSM and ASM. Therefore, a study was designed to analyze the structure-activity relationship of chromone derivatives in vaso- and bronchorelaxation through the inhibition of PDE. Docking studies showed that these chromones bind at the catalytic site of PDEs. Consequently, we synthesized analogs of chromones substituted at position C-2 with alkyl and naphthyl groups. These compounds were synthesized from 2-hydroxyacetophenone and acyl chlorides in the presence of DBU and pyridine, modifying the methodology reported for the synthesis of 3-acylchromones by changing the reaction temperature from 80 to 30°C and using methylene chloride as solvent, yielding the corresponding phenolic esters 10a-10h. These compounds were cyclized with an equivalent of DBU, pyridine as solvent, and heated at reflux temperature, yielding the chromones 11a-11h. Evaluation of the vasorelaxant effect of 4, 11a-11h on rat aorta demonstrated that potency decreases with branched alkyl groups. Whereas the EC50 of compound 11d (substituted by an n-hexyl group) was 8.64±0.39 μM, that of 11f (substituted by an isobutyl group) was 14.58±0.64 μM. Contrarily, the effectiveness of the compound is directly proportional to the length of the alkyl chain, as evidenced by the increase in maximal effect of compound 11c versus 11d (66% versus 100%) and 11e versus 11f (60% versus 96%). With an aromatic group like naphthyl as the C-2 substituent, the effectiveness was only 43%. All compounds tested on guinea pig trachea showed less than 55% effectiveness. Compounds 4, 11a-11h were evaluated as PDE inhibitors in vitro, with 11d showing the greatest effect (73%), corroborating the importance of a long alkyl chain, which inhibits the decomposition of cGMP. Docking studies showed that the compound 11d was selective for the inhibition of PDE-5.
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