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Ni J, Bucci J, Chang L, Malouf D, Graham P, Li Y. Targeting MicroRNAs in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy. Theranostics 2017; 7:3243-3259. [PMID: 28900507 PMCID: PMC5595129 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment options for localized early-stage or advanced-stage prostate cancer (CaP). Radioresistance (relapse after radiotherapy) is a major challenge for the current radiotherapy. There is great interest in investigating mechanisms of radioresistance and developing novel treatment strategies to overcome radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes including cancer invasion, progression, metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Emerging evidence indicates that miRNAs play a critical role in the modulation of key cellular pathways that mediate response to radiation, influencing the radiosensitivity of the cancer cells through interplaying with other biological processes such as cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cells. Here, we summarize several important miRNAs in CaP radiation response and then discuss the regulation of the major signalling pathways and biological processes by miRNAs in CaP radiotherapy. Finally, we emphasize on microRNAs as potential predictive biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to improve CaP radiosensitivity.
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Lee ES, Won YJ, Kim BC, Park D, Bae JH, Park SJ, Noh SJ, Kang YR, Choi SH, Yoon JH, Heo K, Yang K, Son TG. Low-dose irradiation promotes Rad51 expression by down-regulating miR-193b-3p in hepatocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25723. [PMID: 27225532 PMCID: PMC4880923 DOI: 10.1038/srep25723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence indicates that there is a relationship between microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing and low-dose irradiation (LDIR) responses. Here, alterations of miRNA expression in response to LDIR exposure in male BALB/c mice and three different types of hepatocytes were investigated. The miRNome of the LDIR-exposed mouse spleens (0.01 Gy, 6.5 mGy/h) was analyzed, and the expression of miRNA and mRNA was validated by qRT-PCR. Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and luciferase assays were also performed to evaluate the interaction between miRNAs and their target genes and to gain insight into the regulation of miRNA expression. The expression of miRNA-193b-3p was down-regulated in the mouse spleen and liver and in various hepatocytes (NCTC, Hepa, and HepG2 cell lines) in response to LDIR. The down-regulation of miR-193b-3p expression was caused by histone deacetylation on the miR-193b-3p promoter in the HepG2 cells irradiated with 0.01 Gy. However, the alteration of histone deacetylation and miR-193b-3p and Rad51 expression in response to LDIR was restored by pretreatment with N-acetyl-cyctein. In conclusion, we provide evidence that miRNA responses to LDIR include the modulation of cellular stress responses and repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eon-Seok Lee
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Jin Won
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Chul Kim
- In silico Toxicology Research Center, Korea Insititute of Toxciology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- In silico Toxicology Research Center, Korea Insititute of Toxciology, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Han Bae
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Joon Park
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Noh
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Rok Kang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Ho Choi
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Je-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kyu Heo
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmo Yang
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-709, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gen Son
- Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Science, 40 Jwadong-gil, Jangan-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46033, Republic of Korea
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P53 and Sirt1: routes of metabolism and genome stability. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:149-56. [PMID: 25218422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a transcription factor that regulates key processes. But, the outcomes of the p53 response go beyond its role as a nuclear transcription factor. Sirtuin (SIRT1) regulates p53 functions as transcription factor. At the same time, SIRT1 protects the genome under stress conditions. The link between p53 and SIRT1 responses is unique. Both regulate metabolism, stress signaling, cell survival, cell cycle control and genome stability. Recent studies have proposed cancer as a metabolic disease. This is due to the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism during tumor development. Yet, the complex molecular circuits (in and out of the nucleus) of tumor progression remain elusive. In this review, we will focus on the interplay between p53 and SIRT1. We will discuss their roles as nodes for possible therapeutic intervention.
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Zhao L, Lu X, Cao Y. MicroRNA and signal transduction pathways in tumor radiation response. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1625-34. [PMID: 23602933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tumor radiation response is an essential issue in radiotherapy and a core determining factor of tumor radioresistance or radiosensitivity. Multiple factors can influence tumor radiation response, and among them tumor genetic and epigenetic background, tumor microenvironment and tumor blood flow status may take a leading role. During the whole process of tumor radiation response, tumor radiosensitivity can be regulated in an orderly manner through some classical signal transduction pathways. Although these pathways have already owned multiple biological functions and involved in the process of carcinogenesis, their regulatory roles in tumor radiation response can not be ignored. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA of about 22 nucleotides in length, which binds to the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target gene and controls the expression of it at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA participates in numerous physiology and pathology processes and acts as oncogene or tumor suppressor to affect cancer progression. Through interplaying with the key components in radiation related signal transduction pathways, miRNA could effectively activate the expression of DNA damage response genes and cell cycle related genes in the nucleus, and play a critical role in the modulation of radiation response and radiosensitivity in tumor cells. In this review, we mainly elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and functions of miRNA in these radiation related signal transduction pathways from three different aspects which include the upstream receptors, midstream transducer pathways, and downstream effector genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqing Zhao
- Cancer Research Institute, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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