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Schulte RR, Madiwale MV, Flower A, Hochberg J, Burke MJ, McNeer JL, DuVall A, Bleyer A. Levocarnitine for asparaginase-induced hepatic injury: a multi-institutional case series and review of the literature. Leuk Lymphoma 2018; 59:2360-2368. [PMID: 29431566 PMCID: PMC10183102 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1435873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asparaginase, an important treatment component for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), causes severe hepatotoxicity in some patients. Levocarnitine is a mitochondrial co-factor that can potentially ameliorate the mitochondrial toxicity of asparaginase. In this retrospective case series, we describe the clinical presentation and management of six pediatric and young adult patients (mean age 12.7, range 9-24 years) with ALL who developed Grade 3-4 hyperbilirubinemia following administration of asparaginase as part of induction/re-induction therapy. Five of these patients were treated with levocarnitine with subsequent improvement of hyperbilirubinemia, while one patient was given levocarnitine prophylactically during induction and developed Grade 3 hyperbilirubinemia, but did not require therapy adjustments or delays. Increased awareness in the pediatric oncology community regarding asparaginase-associated hepatic toxicity and the potential role of levocarnitine in management is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R Schulte
- a Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Manasi V Madiwale
- b Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology , Children's Hospital and Research Center , Oakland , CA , USA
| | - Allyson Flower
- c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation , New York Medical College , Valhalla , NY , USA
| | - Jessica Hochberg
- c Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation , New York Medical College , Valhalla , NY , USA
| | - Michael J Burke
- d Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/Blood and Marrow Transplantation , Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee , WI , USA
| | - Jennifer L McNeer
- e Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant , University of Chicago Medical Center , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Adam DuVall
- f Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, OHSU Doernbecher Children's Hospital , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Archie Bleyer
- g Department of Radiation Medicine , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
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Ghanbarzadeh S, Arami S, Pourmoazzen Z, Ghasemian-Yadegari J, Khorrami A. Plasma stable, pH-sensitive fusogenic polymer-modified liposomes: A promising carrier for mitoxantrone. J Biomater Appl 2013; 29:81-92. [PMID: 24336315 DOI: 10.1177/0885328213515288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
pH-sensitive liposomes are designed to undergo acid-triggered destabilization. In the present study, we prepared polymer-modified, plasma stable, pH-sensitive fusogenic mitoxantrone liposomes to increase efficacy and selectivity on cancer cell lines. Conventional liposomes were prepared using cholesterol and dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine. Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and a cholesteryl derivative, poly(monomethylitaconate)-co-poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PMMI-co-PDMAEMA), were used for the preparation of pH-sensitive fusogenic liposomes. Using polyethylene glycol (PEG)-poly(monomethylitaconate)-CholC6 (PEG-PMMI-CholC6) copolymers instead of cholesterol introduced pH-sensitive and plasma stability properties simultaneously in prepared liposomes. All formulations were prepared by thin film hydration method and subsequently, pH-sensitivity and stability in human serum were evaluated. The ability of pH-sensitive fusogenic liposomes to enhance the mitoxantrone cytotoxicity and selectivity in cancerous cell lines was assessed in vitro compared to normal cell line using human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), human prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells line. Results revealed that both PMMI-co-PDMAEMA and PEG-PMMI-CholC6-based formulations showed pH-sensitive property and were found to rapidly release mitoxantrone under mildly acidic conditions. Nevertheless, only the PEG-PMMI-CholC6-based liposomes preserved pH-sensitivity after incubation in plasma. Mitoxantrone loaded-pH-sensitive fusogenic liposomes exhibited a higher cytotoxicity than the control conventional liposomes on MCF-7 and PC-3 cell lines. On the contrary, both pH-sensitive fusogenic liposomes showed lower cytotoxic effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line. Plasma stable, pH-sensitive fusogenic liposomes are promising carriers for enhancing the efficiency and selectivity, besides reduction of the side effects of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Arami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Pourmoazzen
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Ghasemian-Yadegari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Khorrami
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Effect of L-carnitine against acute mitoxantrone toxicity in mice. Open Life Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-008-0022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVarious experiments were performed in our laboratory to define a possible role for carnitine derivatives in mitoxantrone (MX) therapy. We report here the results of the effect of L-carnitine (LCAR) on the lethal toxicity of MX in mice. MX was administered intravenously at doses of 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 or 17 mg kg−1 either alone or in combination with LCAR at a single intravenous dose of 200 mg kg−1. The dependence of the probability of death on various doses was evaluated for the MX-LCAR combination compared to MX alone. From these experiments, the following lethal dose fifty (LD50) values were calculated: LD50 for MX alone was 15.2 mg kg−1, whereas in combination with LCAR it increases to 21.8 mg kg−1. The relative toxicity given as the ratio of the LD50 of both MX alone and the combination of MX-LCAR was 69.7%. The results of our experiments unequivocally show the effect of LCAR on acute toxic doses of MX.
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