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Lee CH, Lee TK, Kim DW, Lim SS, Kang IJ, Ahn JH, Park JH, Lee JC, Kim CH, Park Y, Won MH, Choi SY. Relationship between Neuronal Damage/Death and Astrogliosis in the Cerebral Motor Cortex of Gerbil Models of Mild and Severe Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095096. [PMID: 35563487 PMCID: PMC9100252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal loss (death) occurs selectively in vulnerable brain regions after ischemic insults. Astrogliosis is accompanied by neuronal death. It can change the molecular expression and morphology of astrocytes following ischemic insults. However, little is known about cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury that can variously lead to damage of astrocytes according to the degree of ischemic injury, which is related to neuronal damage/death. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between damage to cortical neurons and astrocytes using gerbil models of mild and severe transient forebrain ischemia induced by blocking the blood supply to the forebrain for five or 15 min. Significant ischemia tFI-induced neuronal death occurred in the deep layers (layers V and VI) of the motor cortex: neuronal death occurred earlier and more severely in gerbils with severe ischemia than in gerbils with mild ischemia. Distinct astrogliosis was detected in layers V and VI. It gradually increased with time after both ischemiae. The astrogliosis was significantly higher in severe ischemia than in mild ischemia. The ischemia-induced increase of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP; a maker of astrocyte) expression in severe ischemia was significantly higher than that in mild ischemia. However, GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes were apparently damaged two days after both ischemiae. At five days after ischemiae, astrocyte endfeet around capillary endothelial cells were severely ruptured. They were more severely ruptured by severe ischemia than by mild ischemia. However, the number of astrocytes stained with S100 was significantly higher in severe ischemia than in mild ischemia. These results indicate that the degree of astrogliosis, including the disruption (loss) of astrocyte endfeet following ischemia and reperfusion in the forebrain, might depend on the severity of ischemia and that the degree of ischemia-induced neuronal damage may be associated with the degree of astrogliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (S.S.L.); (I.J.K.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (S.S.L.); (I.J.K.)
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (S.S.L.); (I.J.K.)
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan 50510, Korea;
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Choong-Hyo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Korea;
| | - Yoonsoo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24289, Korea;
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (S.Y.C.)
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Wang Y, Wu CJ, Du Y, Liu YQ, Cai JR, Wu XQ, Hu SQ. SIRT2 tyrosine nitration by peroxynitrite in response to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Free Radic Res 2022; 55:1104-1118. [PMID: 34979841 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.2024529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are the production of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The current study is to elucidate a mechanism of SIRT2 tyrosine nitration to accelerate the cell apoptosis induced by peroxynitrite (ONOO‾), the most reactive and deleterious RNS type in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Our results demonstrate that there is a significant enhancement of the 3-nitrotyrosine levels in renal tissues of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) patients and rats that underwent renal I/R, and a positive correlation between the 3-nitrotyrosine level and renal function impairment, indicative of an accumulation of peroxynitrite. Notably, peroxynitrite-evoked nitration of SIRT2 destroyed its enzymatic activity and the capability to deacetylate FOXO3a, and enhanced expression of Bim and caspase3, facilitating renal cell apoptosis in renal ischemia/reperfusion and SIN-1(peroxynitrite donor) treatment in vitro, and these effects were reversed by FeTMPyP, a peroxynitrite decomposition scavenger. Importantly, we identified that the tyrosine 86 is responsible for SIRT2 nitration and inactivation using site-mutation assay and Mass Spectrography analysis. Altogether, these findings point to a novel protective mechanism that an inhibition of SIRT2 tyrosine nitration can be a promising strategy to prevent ischemic renal diseases involving AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chun Jie Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu Qing Liu
- The Affiliated Xuzhou Children's Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Ran Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue Qing Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy of Xuzhou Medical University, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shu Qun Hu
- Emergency Center, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Shin MC, Lee TK, Lee JC, Kim HI, Park CW, Cho JH, Kim DW, Ahn JH, Won MH, Lee CH. Therapeutic effects of stiripentol against ischemia-reperfusion injury in gerbils focusing on cognitive deficit, neuronal death, astrocyte damage and blood brain barrier leakage in the hippocampus. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 26:47-57. [PMID: 34965995 PMCID: PMC8723979 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2022.26.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Stiripentol is an anti-epileptic drug for the treating of refractory status epilepticus. It has been reported that stiripentol can attenuate seizure severity and reduce seizure-induced neuronal damage in animal models of epilepsy. The objective of the present study was to investigate effects of post-treatment with stiripentol on cognitive deficit and neuronal damage in the cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus proper following transient ischemia in the forebrain of gerbils. To evaluate ischemia-induced cognitive impairments, passive avoidance test and 8-arm radial maze test were performed. It was found that post-treatment with stiripentol at 20 mg/kg, but not 10 or 15 mg/kg, reduced ischemia-induced memory impairment. Transient ischemia-induced neuronal death in the CA1 region was also significantly attenuated only by 20 mg/kg stiripentol treatment after transient ischemia. In addition, 20 mg/kg stiripentol treatment significantly decreased ischemia-induced astrocyte damage and immunoglobulin G leakage. In brief, stiripentol treatment after transient ischemia ameliorated transient ischemia-induced cognitive impairment in gerbils, showing that pyramidal neurons were protected and astrocyte damage and blood brain barrier leakage were significantly attenuated in the hippocampus. Results of this study suggest stiripentol can be developed as a candidate of therapeutic drug for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Hyung Il Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24289, Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Youngsan University, Yangsan 50510, Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
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Lee TK, Hong J, Lee JW, Kim SS, Sim H, Lee JC, Kim DW, Lim SS, Kang IJ, Won MH. Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment Is Improved via Remyelination and Restoration of Synaptic Density in the Hippocampus after Treatment with COG-Up ® in a Gerbil Model of Ischemic Stroke. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120321. [PMID: 34941848 PMCID: PMC8705370 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease such as ischemic stroke develops cognitive impairment due to brain tissue damage including neural loss, demyelination and decrease in synaptic density. In the present study, we developed transient ischemia in the forebrain of the gerbil and found cognitive impairment using the Barnes maze test and passive avoidance test for spatial memory and learning memory, respectively. In addition, neuronal loss/death was detected in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the gerbil hippocampus after the ischemia by cresyl violet histochemistry, immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclei and histofluorescence with Fluoro-Jade B. Furthermore, in the CA1 region following ischemia, myelin and vesicular synaptic density were significantly decreased using immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein and vesicular glutamate transporter 1. In the gerbils, treatment with COG-up® (a combined extract of Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Brassica oleracea Var.), which was rich in scutellarin and sinapic acid, after the ischemia, significantly improved ischemia-induced decline in memory function when compared with that shown in gerbils treated with vehicle after the ischemia. In the CA1 region of these gerbils, COG-up® treatment significantly promoted the remyelination visualized using immunohistochemistry myelin basic protein, increased oligodendrocytes visualized using a receptor-interacting protein, and restored the density of glutamatergic synapses visualized using double immunofluorescence for vesicular glutamate transporter 1 and microtubule-associated protein, although COG-up® treatment did not protect pyramidal cells (principal neurons) located in the CA1 region form the ischemic insult. Considering the current findings, a gerbil model of ischemic stroke apparently showed cognitive impairment accompanied by ischemic injury in the hippocampus; also, COG-up® can be employed for improving cognitive decline following ischemia-reperfusion injury in brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Junkee Hong
- Department of Global Innovative Drug, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea;
| | - Ji-Won Lee
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang 16006, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (S.-S.K.)
| | - Sung-Su Kim
- Famenity Co., Ltd., Uiwang 16006, Korea; (J.-W.L.); (S.-S.K.)
| | - Hyejin Sim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangnung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Korea;
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (S.S.L.)
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea; (T.-K.L.); (S.S.L.)
- Correspondence: (I.J.K.); (M.-H.W.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2135 (I.J.K.); +82-33-250-8891 (M.-H.W.); Fax: +82-33-255-4787 (I.J.K.); +82-33-256-1614 (M.-H.W.)
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (H.S.); (J.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: (I.J.K.); (M.-H.W.); Tel.: +82-33-248-2135 (I.J.K.); +82-33-250-8891 (M.-H.W.); Fax: +82-33-255-4787 (I.J.K.); +82-33-256-1614 (M.-H.W.)
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Posttranscriptional regulation of Nrf2 through miRNAs and their role in Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106018. [PMID: 34863823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2/Nrf2) is a pivotal facilitator of cytoprotective responses against the oxidative/electrophilic insults. Upon activation, Nrf2 induces transcription of a wide range of cytoprotective genes having antioxidant response element (ARE) in their promoter region. Dysfunction in Nrf2 signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of AD and several studies have suggested that boosting Nrf2 expression/activity by genetic or pharmacological approaches is beneficial in AD. Among the diverse mechanisms that regulate the Nrf2 signaling, miRNAs-mediated regulation of Nrf2 has gained much attention in recent years. Several miRNAs have been reported to directly repress the post-transcriptional expression of Nrf2 and thereby negatively regulate the Nrf2-dependent cellular cytoprotective response in AD. Moreover, several Nrf2 targeting miRNAs are misregulated in AD brains. This review is focused on the role of misregulated miRNAs that directly target Nrf2, in AD pathophysiology. Here, alongside a general description of functional interactions between miRNAs and Nrf2, we have reviewed the evidence indicating the possible role of these miRNAs in AD pathogenesis.
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Galangin attenuated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibition of ferroptosis through activating the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis in gerbils. Life Sci 2020; 264:118660. [PMID: 33127512 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the impact of galangin treatment on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in gerbils and to identify potential mechanisms of the protective effect of galangin on hippocampal neurons after I/R injury. PRINCIPAL METHODS A cerebral ischemia model using bilateral common carotid artery ligation in gerbils was established. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of gerbils. The cell viability was evaluated with an MTT assay. The levels of lipid peroxide biomarkers were measured to estimate the injury due to lipid peroxide. The morphology was detected by electron micrography, immunofluorescence and Nissl staining. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to measure the molecular characteristics. KEY FINDINGS In the MWM, gerbils treated with galangin after I/R injury showed significant improvements in learning and memory. In addition, galangin treatment reduced the levels of lipid peroxide in the brains of gerbils that underwent I/R as well as reduced the amount of cell death and increased the expression of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Furthermore, the expression of the marker of ferroptosis was decreased in galangin-treated gerbils, and the effect of galangin was weakened when SLC7A11 was knocked down. These results show that galangin can inhibit ferroptosis by enhancing the expressions of SLC7A11 and GPX4 as well as reduce neuronal cell death. SIGNIFICANCE Galangin inhibits ferroptosis through activation of the SLC7A11/GPX4 axis and has a protective effect on hippocampal neurons in gerbils after I/R.
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Li L, Tovmasyan A, Sheng H, Xu B, Sampaio RS, Reboucas JS, Warner DS, Batinic-Haberle I, Spasojevic I. Fe Porphyrin-Based SOD Mimic and Redox-Active Compound, (OH)FeTnHex-2-PyP 4+, in a Rodent Ischemic Stroke (MCAO) Model: Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics as Compared to Its Mn Analogue, (H 2O)MnTnHex-2-PyP 5+. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060467. [PMID: 32492872 PMCID: PMC7346179 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mn(III) meso-tetrakis(N-n-hexylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin, (H2O)MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ (MnHex) carrying long hexyl chains, is a lipophilic mimic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a redox-active drug candidate. MnHex crosses the blood–brain barrier, and improved neurologic outcome and decreased infarct size and inflammation in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) ischemic stroke model. Yet, the dose and the therapeutic efficacy of Mn porphyrin were limited by an adverse effect of arterial hypotension. An equally lipophilic Fe analog, (OH)FeTnHex-2-PyP4+ (FeHex), is as redox-active and potent SOD mimic in vitro. With different coordination geometry of the metal site, FeHex has one hydroxo (OH) ligand (instead of water) bound to the Fe center in the axial position. It has ~2 orders of magnitude higher efficacy than MnHex in an SOD-deficient E. coli model of oxidative stress. In vivo, it does not cause arterial hypotension and is less toxic to mice. We thus evaluated FeHex versus MnHex in a rodent MCAO model. We first performed short- and long-term pharmacokinetics (PK) of both porphyrins in the plasma, brain, and liver of rats and mice. Given that damage to the brain during stroke occurs very rapidly, fast delivery of a sufficient dose of drug is important. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate if, and how fast after reperfusion, Fe porphyrin reaches the brain relative to the Mn analog. A markedly different plasma half-life was found with FeHex (~23 h) than with MnHex (~1.4 h), which resulted in a more than 2-fold higher plasma exposure (AUC) in a 7-day twice-daily treatment of rats. The increased plasma half-life is explained by the much lower liver retention of FeHex than typically found in Mn analogs. In the brain, a 3-day mouse PK study showed similar levels of MnHex and FeHex. The same result was obtained in a 7-day rat PK study, despite the higher plasma exposure of FeHex. Importantly, in a short-term PK study with treatment starting 2 h post MCAO, both Fe- and Mn- analogs distributed at a higher level to the injured brain hemisphere, with a more pronounced effect observed with FeHex. While a 3-day mouse MCAO study suggested the efficacy of Fe porphyrin, in a 7-day rat MCAO study, Mn-, but not Fe porphyrin, was efficacious. The observed lack of FeHex efficacy was discussed in terms of significant differences in the chemistry of Fe vs. the Mn center of metalloporphyrin; relative to MnHex, FeHex has the propensity for axial coordination, which in vivo would preclude the reactivity of the Fe center towards small reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litao Li
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Artak Tovmasyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.T.); (I.B.-H.)
| | - Huaxin Sheng
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Romulo S. Sampaio
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (J.S.R.)
| | - Julio S. Reboucas
- Departamento de Química, CCEN, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; (R.S.S.); (J.S.R.)
| | - David S. Warner
- Multidisciplinary Neuroprotection Laboratories, Departments of Anesthesiology, Biomedical Engineering, Neurobiology, and Neurosurgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (L.L.); (H.S.); (B.X.); (D.S.W.)
| | - Ines Batinic-Haberle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (A.T.); (I.B.-H.)
| | - Ivan Spasojevic
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- PK/PD Core Laboratory, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +919-684-8311
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Contreras MJ, Treulen F, Arias ME, Silva M, Fuentes F, Cabrera P, Felmer R. Cryopreservation of stallion semen: Effect of adding antioxidants to the freezing medium on sperm physiology. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:229-239. [PMID: 31868975 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of stallion semen has not reached the level of efficiency and positive results described in other species. This is mainly due to the greater sensitivity of stallion sperm to the freezing process, showing higher rates of oxidative stress and plasma membrane damage, which trigger the activation of several cell damage pathways that ultimately culminate in DNA fragmentation and cell death. Therefore, finding molecules that improve the efficiency of this technique in stallion by preventing oxidative stress and cell damage is required. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of adding three antioxidants (MnTBAP, NAC and FeTPPS) to the freezing medium on the quality and functional parameters of stallion sperm. Semen samples from three stallions frozen with the antioxidants were evaluated in two conditions: (a) adding the antioxidants before freezing, and (b) before and after freezing. Plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS levels, membrane lipid disorder, DNA damage, sperm motility and binding to the zona pellucida were assessed. The results showed that MnTBAP was the antioxidant treatment that best controlled the oxidative stress process and post-thaw cell damage, showing higher plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, sperm motility, number of spermatozoa bound to the zona pellucida of bovine oocytes and lower lipid disorder. Additionally, it was determined that a second post-thaw application of antioxidants is detrimental since induced higher cell damage and lower sperm motility, without showing any beneficial effect on the spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Contreras
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Favián Treulen
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Temuco, Chile
| | - María Elena Arias
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Mauricio Silva
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Fernanda Fuentes
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paulina Cabrera
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Ricardo Felmer
- Laboratory of Reproduction, Centre of Reproductive Biotechnology (CEBIOR-BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Department of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Zhang P, Ma L, Yang Z, Li H, Gao Z. Study on the detoxification mechanisms to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato iron(III) chloride (FeTPPS), an efficient pro-oxidant of heme water-soluble analogue. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:40-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Lee JC, Park JH, Ahn JH, Kim IH, Cho JH, Choi JH, Yoo KY, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Cho JH, Kwon YG, Kim YM, Kang IJ, Won MH. New GABAergic Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal CA1 Region of a Gerbil Model of Long-Term Survival after Transient Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Brain Pathol 2015; 26:581-92. [PMID: 26509872 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the probability of newly generated neurons that could survive and mature in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) of a gerbil model of transient cerebral ischemia. Neuronal death was shown in the stratum pyramidale (SP) from 4 days post-ischemia, and a significant increase in NeuN-positive ((+) ) neurons was found in the SP at 180 days post-ischemia. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)(+) cells were co-stained with NeuN and glutamic decarboxylase 67 (GAD67). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity and protein level was shown in nonpyramidal cells from 4 days post-ischemia, and the immunoreactivity was strong at 30 days post-ischemia and not significantly changed until 180 days post-ischemia. Furthermore, TrkB immunoreactivity was co-stained with GAD67 when we examined at 180 days post-ischemia. Myelin basic protein (MBP)(+) nerve fibers were reduced at 4 days post-ischemia and maintained until 60 days post-ischemia, and MBP immunoreactivity and levels were significantly increased at 180 days post-ischemia. In the passive avoidance test, cognitive dysfunction was improved at 180 days post-ischemia. These results suggest that the differentiation of neural progenitor cells into new GABAergic neurons may be promoted via BDNF in the ischemic CA1 and that the neurogenesis may partially mediate the recovery of cognitive impairments via increasing myelinated nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - In Hye Kim
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Ki-Yeon Yoo
- Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, 210-702, South Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, 330-714, South Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, South Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, and Institute of Medical Sciences, Kangwon National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Young-Guen Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, South Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea
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Ding R, Feng L, He L, Chen Y, Wen P, Fu Z, Lin C, Yang S, Deng X, Zeng J, Sun G. Peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst prevents matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation and neurovascular injury after hemoglobin injection into the caudate nucleus of rats. Neuroscience 2015; 297:182-93. [PMID: 25849612 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) is a major constituent of blood and a potent mediator of oxidative or nitrative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Our previous study demonstrated that Hb could induce abundant peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formation in vivo, which may be involved in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, however, the drug intervention is absent and also the underlying mechanism. Using an experimental stroke model by injecting Hb into the caudate nucleus of male Sprague-Dawley rats, we assessed the role of ONOO(-) decomposition catalyst, 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato iron(III) [FeTPPS] in the activation of MMP-9 and Hb-induced neurovascular injuries. 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT, as an index of ONOO(-) formation) and NF-κB expression was measured by western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)/immunofluorescence (IF). Activity of MMP was evaluated by in situ zymography. Neurovascular injury was assessed using zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) by WB and IF, fibronectin (FN) and neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) IHC. Perihematomal cell death was determined by TUNEL assay. Behavioral outcome was measured by modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test. At the injured striata, profuse 3-NT was produced and mainly expressed in neutrophils and microglia/macrophages. 3-NT formation significantly colocalized with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression. In situ zymography showed that gelatinase activity was mostly co-localized with neurons and blood vessel walls and partly with neutrophils and microglia/macrophages. Enhanced 3-NT production, NF-κB induction and MMP-9 activation were obviously reduced after FeTPPS treatment. Hb-induced injury to tight junction protein (ZO-1), basal lamina of FN-immunopositive microvasculature and neural cells was evidently ameliorated by FeTPPS. In addition, apoptotic cell numbers as well as behavioral deficits were also improved. The present study shows that the administration of the ONOO(-) decomposition catalyst FeTPPS protects against Hb-induced neurovascular injuries and improves neurological function, which possibly in part by suppressing MMP-9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ding
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - L Feng
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - L He
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Y Chen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
| | - P Wen
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Z Fu
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - C Lin
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gaoqing Campus of Central Hospital of Zibo, Gaoqing People's Hospital, Gaoqing, Zibo 256300, Shandong, China
| | - X Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, 999 Brain Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510510, China
| | - J Zeng
- The National Key Clinic Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - G Sun
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Ha SC, Han AR, Kim DW, Kim EA, Kim DS, Choi SY, Cho SW. Neuroprotective effects of the antioxidant action of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride against ischemic neuronal damage in the brain. BMB Rep 2014; 46:370-5. [PMID: 23884104 PMCID: PMC4133914 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.7.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia is characterized by oxidative stress and changes in the antioxidant defense system. Our recent in vitro study showed that 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects cortical astrocytes against oxidative stress. In the current study, we examined the effects of 2-cyclopropylimino-3-methyl- 1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride on ischemia-induced neuronal damage in a gerbil ischemia/reperfusion models. Extensive neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area was observed 4 days after ischemia/reperfusion. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-cyclopropylimino- 3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg body weight) significantly prevented neuronal death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in response to transient forebrain ischemia. 2-Cyclopropylimino-3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride administration reduced ischemia-induced increases in reactive oxygen species levels and malondialdehyde content. It also attenuated the associated reductions in glutathione level and superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Taken together, our results suggest that 2-cyclopropylimino- 3-methyl-1,3-thiazoline hydrochloride protects against ischemia-induced neuronal damage by reducing oxidative stress through its antioxidant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Cheol Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138-736, Korea
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Kelly-Cobbs AI, Prakash R, Li W, Pillai B, Hafez S, Coucha M, Johnson MH, Ogbi SN, Fagan SC, Ergul A. Targets of vascular protection in acute ischemic stroke differ in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H806-15. [PMID: 23335797 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00720.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic transformation is an important complication of acute ischemic stroke, particularly in diabetic patients receiving thrombolytic treatment with tissue plasminogen activator, the only approved drug for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of acute manipulation of potential targets for vascular protection [i.e., NF-κB, peroxynitrite, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)] on vascular injury and functional outcome in a diabetic model of cerebral ischemia. Ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in control and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Treatment groups received a single dose of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)prophyrinato iron (III), the nonspecific NF-κB inhibitor curcumin, or the broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor minocycline at reperfusion. Poststroke infarct volume, edema, hemorrhage, neurological deficits, and MMP-9 activity were evaluated. All acute treatments reduced MMP-9 and hemorrhagic transformation in diabetic groups. In addition, acute curcumin and minocycline therapy reduced edema in these animals. Improved neurological function was observed in varying degrees with treatment, as indicated by beam-walk performance, modified Bederson scores, and grip strength; however, infarct size was similar to untreated diabetic animals. In control animals, all treatments reduced MMP-9 activity, yet bleeding was not improved. Neuroprotection was only conferred by curcumin and minocycline. Uncovering the underlying mechanisms contributing to the success of acute therapy in diabetes will advance tailored stroke therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha I Kelly-Cobbs
- Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University Augusta, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Kaundal RK, Deshpande TA, Gulati A, Sharma SS. Targeting endothelin receptors for pharmacotherapy of ischemic stroke: current scenario and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2012; 17:793-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2012.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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15
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Kelly-Cobbs AI, Prakash R, Coucha M, Knight RA, Li W, Ogbi SN, Johnson M, Ergul A. Cerebral myogenic reactivity and blood flow in type 2 diabetic rats: role of peroxynitrite in hypoxia-mediated loss of myogenic tone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2012; 342:407-15. [PMID: 22570365 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.111.191296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of cerebral vascular function and, ultimately, cerebral blood flow (CBF) may contribute to complications such as stroke and cognitive decline in diabetes. We hypothesized that 1) diabetes-mediated neurovascular and myogenic dysfunction impairs CBF and 2) under hypoxic conditions, cerebral vessels from diabetic rats lose myogenic properties because of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-))-mediated nitration of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) actin. Functional hyperemia, the ability of blood vessels to dilate upon neuronal stimulation, and myogenic tone of isolated middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were assessed as indices of neurovascular and myogenic function, respectively, in 10- to 12-week control and type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. In addition, myogenic behavior of MCAs, nitrotyrosine (NY) levels, and VSM actin content were measured under normoxic and hypoxic [oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)] conditions with and without the ONOO(-) decomposition catalyst 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) prophyrinato iron (III), chloride (FeTPPs). The percentage of myogenic tone was higher in diabetes, and forced dilation occurred at higher pressures. Functional hyperemia was impaired. Consistent with these findings, baseline CBF was lower in diabetes. OGD reduced the percentage of myogenic tone in both groups, and FeTPPs restored it only in diabetes. OGD increased VSM NY in both groups, and although FeTPPs restored basal levels, it did not correct the reduced filamentous/globular (F/G) actin ratio. Acute alterations in VSM ONOO(-) levels may contribute to hypoxic myogenic dysfunction, but this cannot be solely explained by the decreased F/G actin ratio due to actin nitration, and mechanisms may differ between control and diabetic animals. Our findings also demonstrate that diabetes alters the ability of cerebral vessels to regulate CBF under basal and hypoxic conditions.
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Esposito E, Rinaldi B, Mazzon E, Donniacuo M, Impellizzeri D, Paterniti I, Capuano A, Bramanti P, Cuzzocrea S. Anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin in an experimental model of spinal cord trauma: involvement of PPAR-α. J Neuroinflammation 2012; 9:81. [PMID: 22537532 PMCID: PMC3372420 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-9-81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins such as simvastatin are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase used in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. In addition to their cholesterol-lowering activities, statins exert pleiotropic anti-inflammatory effects, which might contribute to their beneficial effects on lipid-unrelated inflammatory diseases. Recently it has been demonstrated that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α mediates anti-inflammatory effects of simvastatin in vivo models of acute inflammation. Moreover, previous results suggest that PPAR-α plays a role in control of secondary inflammatory process associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS With the aim to characterize the role of PPAR-α in simvastatin activity, we tested the efficacy of simvastatin (10 mg/kg dissolved in saline i.p. 1 h and 6 h after the trauma) in an experimental model of SCI induced in mice by extradural compression of the spinal cord (T6-T7 level) using an aneurysm clip with a closing force of 24 g via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy, and comparing mice lacking PPAR-α (PPAR-α KO) with wild type (WT) mice. In order to elucidate whether the effects of simvastatin are due to activation of the PPAR-α, we also investigated the effect of a PPAR-α antagonist, GW6471 (1 mg/kg administered i.p. 30 min prior treatment with simvastatin) on the protective effects of on simvastatin. RESULTS Results indicate that simvastatin activity is weakened in PPAR-α KO mice, as compared to WT controls. In particular, simvastatin was less effective in PPAR-α KO, compared to WT mice, as evaluated by inhibition of the degree of spinal cord inflammation, neutrophil infiltration, nitrotyrosine formation, pro-inflammmatory cytokine expression, nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and apoptosis. In addition we demonstrated that GW6471 significantly antagonized the effect of the statin and thus abolished the protective effect. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that PPAR-α can contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of simvastatin in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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Hazekawa M, Sakai Y, Yoshida M, Haraguchi T, Uchida T. The effect of treatment with a sustained-release prostacyclin analogue (ONO-1301-loaded PLGA microsphere) on short-term memory impairment in rats with transient global cerebral ischemia. J Microencapsul 2012; 29:211-8. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2011.622054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Zhan L, Peng W, Sun W, Xu E. Hypoxic preconditioning induces neuroprotection against transient global ischemia in adult rats via preserving the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:65-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2011.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Lakomy D, Janikashvili N, Fraszczak J, Trad M, Audia S, Samson M, Ciudad M, Vinit J, Vergely C, Caillot D, Foucher P, Lagrost L, Chouaib S, Katsanis E, Larmonier N, Bonnotte B. Cytotoxic dendritic cells generated from cancer patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2775-82. [PMID: 21804019 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Known for years as professional APCs, dendritic cells (DCs) are also endowed with tumoricidal activity. This dual role of DC as killers and messengers may have important implications for tumor immunotherapy. However, the tumoricidal activity of DCs has mainly been investigated in animal models. Cancer cells inhibit antitumor immune responses using numerous mechanisms, including the induction of immunosuppressive/ tolerogenic DCs that have lost their ability to present Ags in an immunogenic manner. In this study, we evaluated the possibility of generating tumor killer DCs from patients with advanced-stage cancers. We demonstrate that human monocyte-derived DCs are endowed with significant cytotoxic activity against tumor cells following activation with LPS. The mechanism of DC-mediated tumor cell killing primarily involves peroxynitrites. This observed cytotoxic activity is restricted to immature DCs. Additionally, after killing, these cytotoxic DCs are able to activate tumor Ag-specific T cells. These observations may open important new perspectives for the use of autologous cytotoxic DCs in cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lakomy
- INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, Institut de Recherche Fédératif 100, Faculté de Médecine, 21079 Dijon, France
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20
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Luo Y, Zhang C, She Y, Zhong R, Wei P. Kinetic and theoretical study on peroxynitrite decomposition catalyzed by iron porphyrins. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-010-0231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Efficacy of treatment with verbascoside, biotechnologically produced by Syringa vulgaris plant cell cultures in an experimental mice model of spinal cord trauma. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2010; 382:331-45. [PMID: 20799028 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study we evaluated the effect of glycosylated phenylpropanoid verbascoside (VB), isolated from cultured cells of the medicinal plant Syringa vulgaris (Oleaceae) in experimental animal model of spinal cord injury (SCI). SCI was induced by the application of vascular clips to the dura via a four-level T5-T8 laminectomy. SCI in mice resulted in severe trauma characterized by edema, tissue damage, and apoptosis. At 1 and 6 h after injury, the mice were treated with VB extract, administered at the dose of 2 mg/kg with intraperitoneal administration. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated a marked increase on expression for nitrotyrosine, inducible nitric oxide synthase, poly(ADP-ribose), and apoptosis events (increase of Bax and Bcl-2 expression) in the spinal cord tissue. Additionally, we demonstrate that these inflammatory events were associated with the cytokines expression (TNF-α and IL-1β), neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase), and activation of NF-κB. In contrast, all of these parameters of inflammation were attenuated by treatment with VB. In a separate set of experiment, we have clearly demonstrated that VB treatment significantly ameliorated the recovery of function (evaluated by motor recovery score). Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that treatment with VB extract reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury events associated with spinal cord trauma.
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Kim DW, Jeong HJ, Kang HW, Shin MJ, Sohn EJ, Kim MJ, Ahn EH, An JJ, Jang SH, Yoo KY, Won MH, Kang TC, Hwang IK, Kwon OS, Cho SW, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Transduced human PEP-1-catalase fusion protein attenuates ischemic neuronal damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:941-52. [PMID: 19577641 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes are considered to have beneficial effects against various diseases mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ischemia is characterized by both oxidative stress and changes in the antioxidant defense system. Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are major antioxidant enzymes by which cells counteract the deleterious effects of ROS. To investigate the protective effects of CAT, we constructed PEP-1-CAT cell-permeative expression vectors. When PEP-1-CAT fusion proteins were added to the culture medium of neuronal cells, they rapidly entered the cells and protected them against oxidative stress-induced neuronal cell death. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PEP-1-CAT prevented neuronal cell death in the hippocampus induced by transient forebrain ischemia. Moreover, we showed that the protective effect of PEP-1-CAT was observed in neuronal cells treated with PEP-1-SOD. Therefore, we suggest that transduced PEP-1-CAT and PEP-1-SOD fusion proteins could be useful as therapeutic agents for various human diseases related to oxidative stress, including stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 200-702, Korea
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23
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Neuroprotective effects of N-stearoyltyrosine on transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils. Brain Res 2009; 1287:146-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2009] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kaundal RK, Iyer S, Kumar A, Sharma SS. Protective Effects of Pioglitazone Against Global Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury in Gerbils. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 109:361-7. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.08246fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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25
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Rajput SK, Krishnamoorthy S, Pawar C, Kaur N, Monga V, Meena CL, Jain R, Sharma SS. Antiepileptic potential and behavioral profile of L-pGlu-(2-propyl)-L-His-L-ProNH2, a newer thyrotropin-releasing hormone analog. Epilepsy Behav 2009; 14:48-53. [PMID: 18952198 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and its analogs have a number of neurobiological functions and therapeutic uses in disorders of the central nervous system. In this study, the newly synthesized TRH analogs were evaluated for central nervous system activity in pentobarbital-induced sleeping in mice. The most potent TRH analog (L-pGlu-(2-propyl)-L-His-L-ProNH(2) coded as NP-647) was evaluated for its antiepileptic potential in various seizure models in mice in comparison with TRH. Intravenous pretreatment with NP-647 (10 and 20 micromol/kg body wt) significantly delayed the onset and reduced the frequency of convulsions in the pentylenetetrazole model, but not in the maximum electroshock seizure model. Also, it was found to be protective against picrotoxin- and kainic acid-induced seizures. However, NP-647 did not significantly affect theophylline-induced seizures. Further study of the effect of NP-647 on locomotor activity and a functional observational battery revealed that it did not significantly exhibit any undesirable effects as compared with vehicle and TRH. NP-647 did not significantly affect cerebral blood flow, whereas the native peptide TRH markedly increased cerebral blood flow. Furthermore, NP-647 exerted antiepileptic activity without significantly altering plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone levels and mean arterial blood pressure. This suggests that NP-647 is more selective for central nervous system activity and devoid of hormonal and cerebrovascular system effects. In contrast, TRH exhibited cardiac and endocrine effects as marked by significant elevation in mean arterial blood pressure and plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. This study demonstrates that NP-647 has potential antiepileptic activity devoid of undesirable effects and, thus, can be exploited for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra Kumar Rajput
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Rabkin SW, Klassen SS. Metalloporphyrins as a therapeutic drug class against peroxynitrite in cardiovascular diseases involving ischemic reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 586:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 01/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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An JJ, Lee YP, Kim SY, Lee SH, Lee MJ, Jeong MS, Kim DW, Jang SH, Yoo KY, Won MH, Kang TC, Kwon OS, Cho SW, Lee KS, Park J, Eum WS, Choi SY. Transduced human PEP-1-heat shock protein 27 efficiently protects against brain ischemic insult. FEBS J 2008; 275:1296-308. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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