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Mavridis T, Mavridi A, Karampela E, Galanos A, Gkiokas G, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T. Sovateltide (ILR-1620) Improves Motor Function and Reduces Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurocrit Care 2024; 41:455-468. [PMID: 38443708 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-01950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a major global health challenge, with rising incidence rates and substantial disability. Although progress has been made in understanding SCI's pathophysiology and early management, there is still a lack of effective treatments to mitigate long-term consequences. This study investigates the potential of sovateltide, a selective endothelin B receptor agonist, in improving clinical outcomes in an acute SCI rat model. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery (group A) or SCI and treated with vehicle (group B) or sovateltide (group C). Clinical tests, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring, inclined plane, and allodynia testing with von Frey hair, were performed at various time points. Statistical analyses assessed treatment effects. RESULTS Sovateltide administration significantly improved motor function, reducing neurological deficits and enhancing locomotor recovery compared with vehicle-treated rats, starting from day 7 post injury. Additionally, the allodynic threshold improved, suggesting antinociceptive properties. Notably, the sovateltide group demonstrated sustained recovery, and even reached preinjury performance levels, whereas the vehicle group plateaued. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sovateltide may offer neuroprotective effects, enhancing neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may possess anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Future clinical trials are needed to validate these findings, but sovateltide shows promise as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve functional outcomes in SCI. Sovateltide, an endothelin B receptor agonist, exhibits neuroprotective properties, enhancing motor recovery and ameliorating hyperalgesia in a rat SCI model. These findings could pave the way for innovative pharmacological interventions for SCI in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Mavridis
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital (TUH)/The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital (AMNCH), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Artemis Mavridi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Gkiokas
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Department of Neonatology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Xanthos
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Ranjan AK, Briyal S, Gulati A. Sovateltide (IRL-1620) activates neuronal differentiation and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in adult mammalian brains following stroke. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12737. [PMID: 32728189 PMCID: PMC7391684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69673-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of effective drugs for stroke is urgently required as it is the 2nd largest killer in the world and its incidence is likely to increase in the future. We have demonstrated cerebral endothelin B receptors (ETBR) as a potential target to treat acute cerebral ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism of ETBR mediated neural regeneration and repair remains elusive. In this study, a permanent middle cerebral artery occluded (MCAO) rat model was used. Sovateltide (an ETBR agonist) injected intravenously showed better survival and neurological and motor function improvement than control. Higher neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) differentiation along with better mitochondrial morphology and biogenesis in the brain of sovateltide rats were noted. Exposure of cultured NPCs to hypoxia and sovateltide also showed higher NPC differentiation and maturation. This study shows a novel role of ETBR in NPCs and mitochondrial fate determination in cerebral ischemia, and in improving neurological deficit after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaresh K Ranjan
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA.
| | - Seema Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA
| | - Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, 60515, USA. .,Pharmazz Inc. Research and Development, Willlowbrook, IL, USA.
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Mikhail M, Vachon PH, D'Orléans-Juste P, Jacques D, Bkaily G. Role of endothelin-1 and its receptors, ET A and ET B, in the survival of human vascular endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1298-1305. [PMID: 28732172 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our previous work showed the presence of endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors, ETA and ETB, in human vascular endothelial cells (hVECs). In this study, we wanted to verify whether ET-1 plays a role in the survival of hVECs via the activation of its receptors ETA and (or) ETB (ETAR and ETBR, respectively). Our results showed that treatment of hVECs with ET-1 prevented apoptosis induced by genistein, an effect that was mimicked by treatment with ETBR-specific agonist IRL1620. Furthermore, blockade of ETBR with the selective ETBR antagonist A-192621 prevented the anti-apoptotic effect of ET-1 in hVECs. However, activation of ETA receptor alone did not seem to contribute to the anti-apoptotic effect of ET-1. In addition, the anti-apoptotic effect of ETBR was found to be associated with caspase 3 inhibition and does not depend on the density of this type of receptor. In conclusion, our results showed that ET-1 possesses an anti-apoptotic effect in hVECs and that this effect is mediated, to a great extent, via the activation of ETBR. This study revealed a new role for ETBR in the survival of hVECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Mikhail
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre H Vachon
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pedro D'Orléans-Juste
- b Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Danielle Jacques
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- a Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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Russignan A, Spina C, Tamassia N, Cassaro A, Rigo A, Bagnato A, Rosanò L, Bonalumi A, Gottardi M, Zanatta L, Giacomazzi A, Scupoli MT, Tinelli M, Salvadori U, Mosna F, Zamò A, Cassatella MA, Vinante F, Tecchio C. Endothelin-1 receptor blockade as new possible therapeutic approach in multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 2017; 178:781-793. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Russignan
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Cecilia Spina
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Nicola Tamassia
- Section of General Pathology; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Antonella Rigo
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Anna Bagnato
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit; Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Angela Bonalumi
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | | | - Lucia Zanatta
- Pathology Unit; Ospedale Regionale Cà Foncello; Treviso Italy
| | - Alice Giacomazzi
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Scupoli
- Interdepartmental Laboratory for Medical Research (LURM); Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Martina Tinelli
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Ugo Salvadori
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Federico Mosna
- Haematology Unit; Ospedale Regionale Cà Foncello; Treviso Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Section of Pathology; Department of Pathology and Diagnostic; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Marco A. Cassatella
- Section of General Pathology; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vinante
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
| | - Cristina Tecchio
- Haematology and Bone-Marrow Transplant Unit; Department of Medicine; Verona University; Verona Italy
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Gulati A. Endothelin Receptors, Mitochondria and Neurogenesis in Cerebral Ischemia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 14:619-26. [PMID: 26786146 PMCID: PMC4981738 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160119094959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neurogenesis is most active during pre-natal development, however, it persists throughout the human lifespan. The putative role of mitochondria in neurogenesis and angiogenesis is gaining importance. Since, ETB receptor mediated neurogenesis and angiogenesis has been identified, the role of these receptors with relevance to mitochondrial functions is of interest. Methods: In addition to work from our laboratory, we undertook an extensive search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature. Specific technical terms such as endothelin, mitochondria and neurogenesis were used to seek out and critically evaluate literature that was relevant. Results: The ET family consists of three isopeptides (ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3) that produce biological actions by acting on two types of receptors (ETA and ETB). In the central nervous system (CNS) ETA receptors are potent constrictors of the cerebral vasculature and appear to contribute in the causation of cerebral ischemia. ETA receptor antagonists have been found to be effective in animal model of cerebral ischemia; however, clinical studies have shown no efficacy. Mitochondrial functions are critically important for several neural development processes such as neurogenesis, axonal and dendritic growth, and synaptic formation. ET appears to impair mitochondrial functions through activation of ETA receptors. On the other hand, blocking ETB receptors has been shown to trigger apoptotic processes by activating intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondria are important for their role in molecular regulation of neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Stimulation of ETB receptors in the adult ischemic brain has been found to promote angiogenesis and neurogenesis mediated through vascular endothelial growth factor and nerve growth factor. It will be interesting to investigate the effect of ETB receptor stimulation on mitochondrial functions in the CNS following cerebral ischemia. Conclusion: The findings of this review implicate brain ETB receptors in angiogenesis and neurogenesis following cerebral ischemia, it is possible that the positive effect of stimulating ETB receptors in cerebral ischemia may be mediated through mitochondrial functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515-1235.
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Boccellino M, Quagliuolo L, Alaia C, Grimaldi A, Addeo R, Nicoletti GF, Kast RE, Caraglia M. The strange connection between epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and dapsone: from rash mitigation to the increase in anti-tumor activity. Curr Med Res Opin 2016; 32:1839-1848. [PMID: 27398628 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1211522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of an aberrantly activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in many epithelial tumors, due to its overexpression, activating mutations, gene amplification and/or overexpression of receptor ligands, represent the fundamental basis underlying the use of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Drugs inhibiting the EGFR have different mechanisms of action; while erlotinib and gefitinib inhibit the intracellular tyrosine kinase, monoclonal antibodies like cetuximab and panitumumab bind the extracellular domain of the EGFR both activating immunomediated anti-cancer effect and inhibiting receptor function. On the other hand, interleukin-8 has tumor promoting as well as neo-angiogenesis enhancing effects and several attempts have been made to inhibit its activity. One of these is based on the use of the old sulfone antibiotic dapsone that has demonstrated several interleukin-8 system inhibiting actions. Erlotinib typically gives a rash that has recently been proven to come out via up-regulated keratinocyte interleukin-8 synthesis with histological features reminiscent of typical neutrophilic dermatoses. In this review, we report experimental evidence that shows the use of dapsone to improve quality of life in erlotinib-treated patients by ameliorating rash as well as short-circuiting a growth-enhancing aspect of erlotinib based on increased interleukin-8 secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Boccellino
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Lucio Quagliuolo
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Concetta Alaia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Anna Grimaldi
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Raffaele Addeo
- b Oncology DH ASL Napoli 3 Nord, Frattamaggiore Hospital , Frattamaggiore , Naples , Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Caraglia
- a Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology , Second University of Naples , Naples , Italy
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7
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The pathophysiological role of astrocytic endothelin-1. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 144:88-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Sakai S, Maruyama H, Kimura T, Tajiri K, Honda J, Homma S, Aonuma K, Miyauchi T. Antagonists to endothelin receptor type B promote apoptosis in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Life Sci 2016; 159:116-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Aubert JD, Juillerat-Jeanneret L. Endothelin-Receptor Antagonists beyond Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Cancer and Fibrosis. J Med Chem 2016; 59:8168-88. [PMID: 27266371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The endothelin axis and in particular the two endothelin receptors, ETA and ETB, are targets for therapeutic intervention in human diseases. Endothelin-receptor antagonists are in clinical use to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension and have been under clinical investigation for the treatment of several other diseases, such as systemic hypertension, cancer, vasospasm, and fibrogenic diseases. In this Perspective, we review the molecules that have been evaluated in human clinical trials for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, as well as other cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and fibrosis. We will also discuss the therapeutic consequences of receptor selectivity with regard to ETA-selective, ETB-selective, or dual ETA/ETB antagonists. We will also consider which chemical characteristics are relevant to clinical use and the properties of molecules necessary for efficacy in treating diseases against which known molecules displayed suboptimal efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-David Aubert
- Pneumology Division and Transplantation Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) , CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lucienne Juillerat-Jeanneret
- University Institute of Pathology and Transplantation Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), and University of Lausanne (UNIL), CH1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Potential beneficial role for endothelin in scleroderma vasculopathy: inhibition of endothelial apoptosis by type B endothelin-receptor signaling. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2016. [DOI: 10.5301/jsrd.5000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) apoptosis is considered to be a key event in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), an increased expression of endothelin-1 (ET1) is also well recognized in the disease. ET1 is thought to exert deleterious effects on the vasculature by virtue of its known vasospastic, proliferative and fibrotic effects, yet ET1 can act as a survival factor for a variety of cells, including MVEC. The aim of this study is to investigate if ET1 signaling protects SSc-MVECs from apoptosis. Methods The expression levels of ET1-receptor genes: Endothelin Receptor Type A gene (EDNRA) and Endothelin Receptor Type B gene (EDNRB), and the effects of selective Endothelin Receptor Type A (ETA) antagonists, selective Endothelin Receptor Type B (ETB), and dual ETA/B antagonist in the presence and/or absence of ET1 on control and SSc-MVEC apoptosis were examined. Results Significant increase in the expression of ETA and ETB was noted in SSc-MVECs. Growth factors withdrawal (GFW) resulted in a significant apoptosis that was considerably reduced by the addition ET1. The addition of ETA-receptor antagonists did not affect ET1 anti-apoptotic effects, while the nonselective ETA/B or the selective ETB-receptor antagonists blocked the anti-apoptotic effects of ET1. Finally, an upregulation of the proapoptotic gene BAX after GFW was noted that was normalized by the addition of ET1. Conclusions The results suggest that ET1 mediates an anti-apoptotic effect through engaging the ETB receptors in MVECs. Therefore, it appears that selective ETA antagonism may have an advantage over the non-selective ET1-receptor antagonists in SSc vasculopathy, particularly in the early stages of the disease when MVEC apoptosis is rampant.
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Kast RE. Erlotinib augmentation with dapsone for rash mitigation and increased anti-cancer effectiveness. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:638. [PMID: 26543772 PMCID: PMC4628020 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib has failed in many ways to be as potent in the anti-cancer role as pre-clinical studies would have suggested. This paper traces some aspects of this failure to a compensatory erlotinib-mediated increase in interleukin-8. Many other-but not all- cancer chemotherapeutic cytotoxic drugs also provoke a compensatory increase in a malignant clone's interleukin-8 synthesis. Untreated glioblastoma and other cancer cells themselves natively synthesize interleukin-8. Interleukin-8 has tumor growth promoting, mobility and metastasis formation enhancing, effects as well as pro-angiogenesis effects. FINDINGS The old sulfone antibiotic dapsone- one of the very first antibiotics in clinical use- has demonstrated several interleukin-8 system inhibiting actions. Review of these indicates dapsone has potential to augment erlotinib effectiveness. Erlotinib typically gives a rash that has recently been proven to come about via an erlotinib triggered up-regulated keratinocyte interleukin-8 synthesis. The erlotinib rash shares histological features reminiscent of typical neutrophilic dermatoses. Dapsone has an established therapeutic role in current treatment of other neutrophilic dermatoses. CONCLUSION Thus, dapsone has potential to both improve the quality of life in erlotinib treated patients by amelioration of rash as well as to short-circuit a growth-enhancing aspect of erlotinib when used in the anti-cancer role.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Kast
- IIAIGC Study Center, 22 Church Street, Burlington, VT 05401 USA
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12
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Notch1-STAT3-ETBR signaling axis controls reactive astrocyte proliferation after brain injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8726-31. [PMID: 26124113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1501029112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the signaling network that controls reactive astrogliosis may provide novel treatment targets for patients with diverse CNS injuries and pathologies. We report that the radial glial cell antigen RC2 identifies the majority of proliferating glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP(+)) reactive astrocytes after stroke. These cells highly expressed endothelin receptor type B (ETB(R)) and Jagged1, a Notch1 receptor ligand. To study signaling in adult reactive astrocytes, we developed a model based on reactive astrocyte-derived neural stem cells isolated from GFAP-CreER-Notch1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. By loss- and gain-of-function studies and promoter activity assays, we found that Jagged1/Notch1 signaling increased ETB(R) expression indirectly by raising the level of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), a previously unidentified EDNRB transcriptional activator. Similar to inducible transgenic GFAP-CreER-Notch1-cKO mice, GFAP-CreER-ETB(R)-cKO mice exhibited a defect in reactive astrocyte proliferation after cerebral ischemia. Our results indicate that the Notch1-STAT3-ETB(R) axis connects a signaling network that promotes reactive astrocyte proliferation after brain injury.
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Briyal S, Nguyen C, Leonard M, Gulati A. Stimulation of endothelin B receptors by IRL-1620 decreases the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 301:1-11. [PMID: 26022359 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairment that ultimately leads to death. Endothelin (ET) and its receptors have been considered as therapeutic targets for AD. Recent studies in our lab have shown that stimulation of ETB receptors provide significant neuroprotection following Aβ1-40 administration. It is possible that IRL-1620 may be neuroprotective due to angiogenesis. However, the effect of IRL-1620 on neurovascular remodeling following Aβ1-40 administration has not been established. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of stimulation of ETB receptors by IRL-1620 on vascular and neuronal growth factors after Aβ1-40 administration. Rats were treated with Aβ1-40 (day 1, 7 and 14) in the lateral cerebral ventricles using stereotaxically implanted cannula and received three intravenous injections of IRL-1620 (an ETB agonist), and/or BQ788 (an ETB antagonist) at 2-h interval on day 8; experiments were performed on day 15. Rats were sacrificed for estimation of brain ETB receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression using immunofluorescence and Western blot. In the Morris swim task, amyloid-β (Aβ)-treated rats showed a significant (p<0.0001) impairment in spatial memory. Rats treated with IRL-1620 significantly (p<0.001) reduced the cognitive impairment induced by Aβ. BQ788 treatment completely blocked IRL-1620-induced improvement in cognitive impairment. IRL-1620 treatment enhanced the number of blood vessels labeled with VEGF compared to vehicle treatment. Additionally, cells showed increased (p<0.001) positive staining for NGF in IRL-1620-treated animals. ETB, VEGF and NGF protein expression significantly (p<0.001) increased in the brain of IRL-1620-treated rats as compared to vehicle. Pretreatment with BQ788 blocked the effects of IRL-1620, thus confirming the role of ETB receptors in the neurovascular remodeling actions of IRL-1620. Results of the present study demonstrate that IRL-1620 improves both acquisition (learning) and retention (memory) on the water maze task and enhances angiogenic and neurogenic remodeling. These findings indicate that the ETB receptor may be a novel therapeutic target for AD and other neurovascular degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Briyal
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - C Nguyen
- Chicago College of Health Sciences, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - M Leonard
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - A Gulati
- Chicago College of Pharmacy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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14
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Cook N, Brais R, Qian W, Chan Wah Hak C, Corrie PG. Endothelin-1 and endothelin B receptor expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2015; 68:309-13. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundEndothelin-1 (ET-1) acting through endothelin A and B receptors (ETAR and ETBR) has been implicated in the development of cancer. The endothelin axis has not previously been characterised in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC).MethodsExpression of ET-1, ETAR, ETBR, vascular endothelial growth factor and microvessel density (MVD) was determined by immunohistochemistry in 45 surgically resected human PACs and 15 non-cancer human pancreas samples.ResultsPAC had the highest staining intensity for ET-1 and ETBR: 38% PAC samples scored 2+ or more compared with 7% non-cancer sample in ET-1; 58% PAC samples scored 2+ compared with 0% non-cancer samples in ETBR. MVD was significantly lower in PAC compared with non-cancer tissue (p<0.0001).ConclusionsPAC was characterised by greater expression of ET-1 and ETBR compared with normal pancreas.
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15
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Richard S, Boucher M, Herbet A, Lalatonne Y, Mériaux S, Boquet D, Motte L. Endothelin B receptors targeted by iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with a specific antibody: toward immunoimaging of brain tumors. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2939-2942. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00103j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vasculature enhancement is observed in mouse brain after intravenous injection of iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with antibody targeting endothelin B receptors over-expressed in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Richard
- Université Paris 13
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- CSPBAT
- UMR CNRS 7244
- 93017 Bobigny
| | - M. Boucher
- CEA
- DSV
- I2BM
- NeuroSpin
- Unité d'imagerie par IRM et de Spectroscopie (UNIRS)
| | - A. Herbet
- CEA
- DSV
- iBiTec-S
- SPI
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
| | - Y. Lalatonne
- Université Paris 13
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- CSPBAT
- UMR CNRS 7244
- 93017 Bobigny
| | - S. Mériaux
- CEA
- DSV
- I2BM
- NeuroSpin
- Unité d'imagerie par IRM et de Spectroscopie (UNIRS)
| | - D. Boquet
- CEA
- DSV
- iBiTec-S
- SPI
- Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments (LEMM)
| | - L. Motte
- Université Paris 13
- Sorbonne Paris Cité
- CSPBAT
- UMR CNRS 7244
- 93017 Bobigny
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16
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Wan X, Zhang L, Jiang B. Role of endothelin B receptor in oligodendroglioma proliferation and survival: In vitro and in vivo evidence. Mol Med Rep 2013; 9:229-34. [PMID: 24145738 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the role of the endothelin B receptor (ETBR) in oligodendroglioma cell proliferation and survival was investigated in vitro and in vivo. The overexpression and knockdown of ETBR was conducted in Hs683 human oligodendroglioma cells, and cell proliferation and activation (phosphorylation) of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) were measured in vitro. An orthotopic xenograft oligodendroglioma mouse model was established. Mouse survival times and immunohistochemical Ki67 staining in the xenografts were examined. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of ETBR significantly enhanced the proliferation of oligodendroglioma cells and the activation of ERK compared with the controls, which was eliminated by the selective ETBR inhibitor BQ788 and ERK-specific inhibitor U0126, but not selective endothelin A receptor inhibitor BQ123. By contrast, the knockdown of endogenous ETBR markedly decreased oligodendroglioma cell proliferation and the activation of ERK compared with the controls. Overexpression of ETBR significantly increased immunohistochemical Ki67 staining in the Hs683 cell orthotopic xenograft and decreased animal survival. By contrast, knockdown of ETBR significantly decreased Ki67 staining and increased mouse survival times. Intratumoral injection of BQ788, but not BQ123, significantly decreased Ki67 staining and prolonged mouse survival times. In conclusion, ETBR was demonstrated to mediate the proliferation of oligodendroglioma cells according to an ERK-dependent mechanism. Using an orthotopic xenograft oligodendroglioma mouse model, it was demonstrated in vivo that ETBR promotes oligodendroglioma proliferation and that the selective ETBR antagonist effectively inhibits the proliferation of oligodendroglioma cells and prolongs survival times. This study provides a novel insight into the role of ETBR in oligodendroglioma proliferation and survival, and provides the first in vivo evidence that ETBR-specific antagonists are a potential therapeutic alternative for oligodendrogliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
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17
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Leonard MG, Gulati A. Endothelin B receptor agonist, IRL-1620, enhances angiogenesis and neurogenesis following cerebral ischemia in rats. Brain Res 2013; 1528:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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RUSSO MARIKAA, PAOLILLO MAYRA, SANCHEZ-HERNANDEZ YULY, CURTI DANIELA, CIUSANI EMILIO, SERRA MASSIMO, COLOMBO LINO, SCHINELLI SERGIO. A small-molecule RGD-integrin antagonist inhibits cell adhesion, cell migration and induces anoikis in glioblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:83-92. [PMID: 23174862 PMCID: PMC3583633 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer cells integrins modulate important cellular events that regulate the metastasic cascade which involves detachment from the tumor mass, dissemination and attachment to the oncogenic niche. The α5β1, αvβ3 and αvβ5 integrins are widely expressed in different cancer types and recognize the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif present in several extracellular matrix proteins. In human glioblastoma, αvβ3 integrin expression correlates with tumor grade, suggesting that this integrin may play a crucial role in the highly infiltrative behavior of high grade gliomas. However, few selective RGD-like antagonists have been developed and few studies have investigated their effects in in vitro models of human glioblastoma. In this study, we investigated several cellular effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms exerted by a new small-molecule RGD antagonist, 1a-RGD, in the U251 and U373 human glioblastoma cell lines. Treatment with 1a-RGD (20 µM) demonstrated a weak effect on cell viability and cell proliferation but strongly inhibited cell attachment and cell migration together with actin cytoskeleton disassembly. Prolonged 1a-RGD treatment (72 h) induced anoikis, assessed by Annexin staining and nucleosome assay, particularly in the detached cells. When integrin-linked transduction pathways were investigated, 1aRGD was found to exert a marked reduction in focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation without affecting the AKT- and ERK-dependent pathways. Our data indicate that 1a-RGD, probably via modulation of the FAK-dependent pathway, inhibits cell migration and attachment and induces anoikis in glioblastoma cells. This novel finding suggests that the development of an RGD-like molecule may represent a promising tool for the pharmacological approach aimed at reducing the malignancy of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- MARIKA A. RUSSO
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461,
USA
| | | | | | - DANIELA CURTI
- Biology and Biotechnology ‘Lazzaro Spallanzani’, University of Pavia, I-27100 Pavia
| | - EMILIO CIUSANI
- Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, I-20133 Milan,
Italy
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19
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Bagnato A, Loizidou M, Pflug BR, Curwen J, Growcott J. Role of the endothelin axis and its antagonists in the treatment of cancer. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:220-33. [PMID: 21232046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelins (ET) are a group of proteins that act through G-protein coupled receptors. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) was initially identified as a potent vasoconstrictor and dysregulation of the ET axis contributes to pathological processes responsible for cardiovascular disease states. More recently, the ET axis, in particular ET-1 acting through the endothelin A receptor (ET(A) ), has been implicated in the development of several cancers through activation of pathways involved in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The endothelin B receptor (ET(B) ) may counter tumour progression by promoting apoptosis and clearing ET-1; however, it has recently been implicated in the development of some tumour types including melanomas and oligodendrogliomas. Here, we review emerging preclinical and clinical data outlining the role of the ET axis in cancer, and its antagonism as an attractive and challenging approach to improve clinical cancer management. Clinical data of ET(A) antagonists in patients with prostate cancer are encouraging and provide promise for new ET(A) antagonist-based treatment strategies. Given the unexpected opportunities to affect pleiotrophic tumorigenic signals by targeting ET(A)-mediated pathways in a number of cancers, the evaluation of ET-targeted therapy in cancer warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bagnato
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory 'A', Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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20
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Liu Y, Ye F, Yamada K, Tso JL, Zhang Y, Nguyen DH, Dong Q, Soto H, Choe J, Dembo A, Wheeler H, Eskin A, Schmid I, Yong WH, Mischel PS, Cloughesy TF, Kornblum HI, Nelson SF, Liau LM, Tso CL. Autocrine endothelin-3/endothelin receptor B signaling maintains cellular and molecular properties of glioblastoma stem cells. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1668-85. [PMID: 22013079 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) express both radial glial cell and neural crest cell (NCC)-associated genes. We report that endothelin 3 (EDN3), an essential mitogen for NCC development and migration, is highly produced by GSCs. Serum-induced proliferative differentiation rapidly decreased EDN3 production and downregulated the expression of stemness-associated genes, and reciprocally, two glioblastoma markers, EDN1 and YKL-40 transcripts, were induced. Correspondingly, patient glioblastoma tissues express low levels of EDN3 mRNA and high levels of EDN1 and YKL-40 mRNA. Blocking EDN3/EDN receptor B (EDNRB) signaling by an EDNRB antagonist (BQ788), or EDN3 RNA interference (siRNA), leads to cell apoptosis and functional impairment of tumor sphere formation and cell spreading/migration in culture and loss of tumorigenic capacity in animals. Using exogenous EDN3 as the sole mitogen in culture does not support GSC propagation, but it can rescue GSCs from undergoing cell apoptosis. Molecular analysis by gene expression profiling revealed that most genes downregulated by EDN3/EDNRB blockade were those involved in cytoskeleton organization, pause of growth and differentiation, and DNA damage response, implicating the involvement of EDN3/EDNRB signaling in maintaining GSC migration, undifferentiation, and survival. These data suggest that autocrine EDN3/EDNRB signaling is essential for maintaining GSCs. Incorporating END3/EDNRB-targeted therapies into conventional cancer treatments may have clinical implication for the prevention of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Surgery/Surgical Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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21
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Shen C, Yang L, Yuan X. Endothelin B receptor expression in human astrocytoma: association with clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes. Int J Neurosci 2011; 121:626-31. [PMID: 21770857 DOI: 10.3109/00207454.2011.602808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The endothelin (ET) axis has been implicated in astrocytoma growth and progression. Selective ETB receptor antagonists blocked proliferation and induced apoptosis in astrocytoma cell lines, suggesting that the ETB receptor could be a therapeutic target for astrocytomas. In the present study, we explored the association of the ETB receptor expression with clinicopathological variables and the prognosis of human astrocytomas, by examining the ETB receptor expression and Ki-67 staining in 71 surgically resected astrocytomas with immunohistochemistry. High expression of the ETB receptor was significantly associated with high grade of astrocytomas (p < .0001) and high Ki-67 labeling index (LI; p < .0001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the ETB receptor high expression group had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates than the low expression group (p < .001). Multivariate analysis with the Cox's proportional hazards model revealed that high expression of the ETB receptor, high WHO grade, and high Ki-67 LI were independent factors for shorter DFS and OS (p < .05 for each comparison). In conclusion, high expression of the ETB receptor is closely associated with high malignancy and poor prognosis of human astrocytomas, which suggests that the ETB receptor could be a promising therapeutic target for astrocytomas, particularly high-grade astrocytomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfu Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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22
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Allard B, Priam F, Deshayes F, Ducancel F, Boquet D, Wijkhuisen A, Couraud JY. Electroporation-aided DNA immunization generates polyclonal antibodies against the native conformation of human endothelin B receptor. DNA Cell Biol 2011; 30:727-37. [PMID: 21688998 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2011.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelin B receptor (ET(B)R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) specific for endothelin peptides (including endothelin-1, ET1), which mediates a variety of key physiological functions in normal tissues, such as modulation of vasomotor tone, tissue differentiation, or cell proliferation. Moreover, ET(B)R, overexpressed in various cancer cells including melanoma, has been implicated in the growth and progression of tumors, as well as in controlling T cell homing to tumors. To gather information on receptor structure and function, antibodies are generally considered choice molecular probes, but generation of such reagents against the native conformation of GPCRs is a real technical challenge. Here, we show that electroporation-aided genetic immunization, coupled to cardiotoxin pretreatment, is a simple and very efficient method to raise large amounts of polyclonal antibodies highly specific for native human ET(B)R (hET(B)R), as assessed by both flow cytometry analysis of different stably transfected cell lines and a new and rapid cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that we also describe. The antibodies recognized two major epitopes on hET(B)R, mapped within the N-terminal extracellular domain. They were used to reveal hET(B)R on membranes of three different human melanoma cell lines, by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, a method that we show is more relevant than mRNA polymerase chain reaction in assessing receptor expression. In addition, ET-1 partially competed with antibodies for receptor binding. The strategy described here, thus, efficiently generated new immunological tools to further analyze the role of ET(B)R under both normal and pathological conditions, including cancers. Above all, it can now be used to raise monoclonal antibodies against hET(B)R and, more generally, against GPCRs that constitute, by far, the largest reservoir of potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Allard
- CEA, iBiTecS, SPI, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Anticorps pour la Santé (LIAS), Gif sur Yvette, France
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23
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Wang R, Dashwood RH. Endothelins and their receptors in cancer: identification of therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Res 2011; 63:519-24. [PMID: 21251982 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Endothelins and their receptors are important in normal physiology, but have been implicated in various pathophysiological conditions. Members of the so-called "endothelin axis" are dysregulated in a wide range of human cancers, opening the door for novel anticancer therapies. Established cancer chemotherapeutic agents and drugs that target specific components of the endothelin axis have been combined with promising results, but more work is needed in this area. The endothelin axis affects numerous signaling pathways, including Ras, mitogen activated protein kinases, β-catenin/T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor, nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), SNAIL, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). There is much still to learn about optimizing drug specificity in this area, while minimizing off-target effects. Selective agonists and antagonists of endothelins, their receptors, and upstream processing enzymes, as well as knockdown strategies in vitro, are providing valuable leads for testing in the clinical setting. The endothelin axis continues to be an attractive avenue of scientific endeavor, both in the cancer arena and in other important health-related disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-6512, USA
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