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Edible insect Locusta migratoria shows intestinal protein digestibility and improves plasma and hepatic lipid metabolism in male rats. Food Chem 2022; 396:133701. [PMID: 35882087 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although edible insect migratory locusts are considered sustainable food resources with proteins and n-3 lipids, their physiological effects on lipid metabolism are not clarified. Here, we clarified the amino acid (AA) value of the edible migratory locust powder (MLP), protein digestibility, and dietary effects of MLP on growth and lipid metabolism in rats. The AA score was 63, which was low score due to the limiting AA (Trp). MLP protein digestibility was resistant to gut pepsin but digestible to intestinal trypsin and chymotrypsin. Dietary MLP represented favorable growth and enhanced intestinal condition and lipid metabolism in rats, particularly, low-density lipoprotein metabolism and arteriosclerosis-related fatty acid profiles. Liver triglyceride accumulation and fatty acid desaturation indices were increased by activating lipids uptake into the liver, while lipogenic protein expression and enzyme activities and liver function indices were reduced by MLP. Conclusively, intestinal digestible MLP is a nutraceutical for the prevention of dyslipidemia.
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Vahdat Lasemi F, Mahjoubin Tehran M, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Jalili A, Jaafari MR, Sahebkar A. Harnessing nucleic acid-based therapeutics for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: state of the art. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1116-1131. [PMID: 30980904 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is one of the major but modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD). Despite the accessibility of statins and other lipid-lowering drugs, the burden of ACVD is still high globally, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Nucleic acid-based technologies, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering (si)RNAs, miRNAs, and decoys, are emerging therapeutic modalities for the treatment of ACVD. These technologies aim to degrade gene mRNA transcripts to decrease the levels of atherogenic lipoproteins. Using gene-silencing approaches, the levels of atherogenic lipoproteins can be decreased by targeting proteins that have key roles in lipoprotein metabolism. Here, we highlight preclinical and clinical findings using these approaches for the development of novel therapies against ACVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Vahdat Lasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin Tehran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yang Y, Lu H, Qu J. Tendon pathology in hypercholesterolaemia patients: Epidemiology, pathogenesis and management. J Orthop Translat 2018; 16:14-22. [PMID: 30723677 PMCID: PMC6350019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon pathology is a general term used to describe a group of musculoskeletal conditions related to tendons and surrounding structures. There is only limited evidence available regarding the exact aetiology and natural history of tendon pathology. In hypercholesterolaemia environments, lipids could accumulate within the extracellular matrix of the tendon and thus affect the mechanical properties of the tendon. Current evidence suggested that hypercholesterolaemia was an important risk factor in the development and progression of tendon pathology. The severity of hypercholesterolaemia was correlated with the severity of tendon pathology. The translational potential of this article: Hypercholesterolaemia lead to the structural, inflammatory and mechanical changes in tendons, which predispose hypercholesterolaemia patients to a greater risk of tendon pathology. Measurements of serum cholesterol are suggested to be performed in patients presenting with tendon pathology. The strict control of hypercholesterolaemia would mitigate the development and progression of tendon pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, PR China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Jin Qu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Sports Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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Poli A, Visioli F. Recent evidence on omega 6 fatty acids and cardiovascular risk. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201500049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Yang Z, Liu Y, Chen Z, Xu Z, Shi J, Chen K, Zhu W. A quantum mechanics-based halogen bonding scoring function for protein-ligand interactions. J Mol Model 2015; 21:138. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Julius U, Milton M, Stoellner D, Rader D, Gordon B, Polk D, Waldmann E, Parhofer K, Moriarty P. Effects of lipoprotein apheresis on PCSK9 levels. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2015; 18:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Banach M, Aronow WS, Serban C, Sahabkar A, Rysz J, Voroneanu L, Covic A. Lipids, blood pressure and kidney update 2014. Pharmacol Res 2015; 95-96:111-25. [PMID: 25819754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper is an effort to review all the most important studies and guidelines in the topics of lipid, blood pressure and kidney published in 2014. Irrespective of advances, the options for improving simultaneous hypercholesterolemia and hypertension management (as well as its complication - chronic kidney disease) remain a problem. Recommending hypolidemic, hypotensive and kidney disease drugs to obtain therapy targets in cardiovascular, diabetic, elderly and kidney disease (=high risk) patients might strengthen risk factor control, improve compliance and the therapy efficacy, and in the consequence reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality rate. That is why the authors have decided to summary and discuss the recent scientific achievements in the field of lipid, blood pressure and kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Wilbert S Aronow
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Corina Serban
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Amirhossein Sahabkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Luminita Voroneanu
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adrian Covic
- Nephrology Clinic, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Center, C.I. Parhon University Hospital and Grigore. T. Popa, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) due to obstructive atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death and has been recognized as a worldwide health threat. Measures to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels are the cornerstone in the management of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, particularly those with CAD, for over two decades. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a newly recognized protein, plays a key role in cholesterol homeostasis by enhancing degradation of hepatic LDL receptor (LDLR). Interestingly, PCSK9 is also involved in the inflammatory process. Plasma PCSK9 and lipid or nonlipid cardiovascular risk factors are correlated, and the associations between PCSK9 with cardiovascular health and disease make this protein worthy of attention for the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. Here, we provide an overview of the physiological role of PCSK9, which contributes to atherosclerosis, and provide data on PCSK9 as a novel pharmacological target. Clinical evidence shows that PCSK9 inhibition is as promising as statins as a target to treat CAD. The efficacy of these drugs may potentially enable effective CAD prophylaxis for more patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College
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Pears R, Griffin M, Watson M, Wheeler R, Hilder D, Meeson B, Bacon S, Byrne CD. The reduced cost of providing a nationally recognised service for familial hypercholesterolaemia. Open Heart 2014; 1:e000015. [PMID: 25332782 PMCID: PMC4189221 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2013-000015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) affects 1 in 500 people in the UK population and is associated with premature morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease. In 2008, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended genetic testing of potential FH index cases and cascade testing of their relatives. Commissioners have been slow to respond although there is strong evidence of cost and clinical effectiveness. Our study quantifies the recent reduced cost of providing a FH service using generic atorvastatin and compares NICE costing estimates with three suggested alternative models of care (a specialist-led service, a dual model service where general practitioners (GPs) can access specialist advice, and a GP-led service). METHODS Revision of existing 3 year costing template provided by NICE for FH services, and prediction of costs for running a programme over 10 years. Costs were modelled for the first population-based FH service in England which covers Southampton, Hampshire, Isle of Wight and Portsmouth (SHIP). Population 1.95 million. RESULTS With expiry of the Lipitor (Pfizer atorvastatin) patent the cost of providing a 10-year FH service in SHIP reduces by 42.5% (£4.88 million on patent vs £2.80 million off patent). Further cost reductions are possible as a result of the reduced cost of DNA testing, more management in general practice, and lower referral rates to specialists. For instance a dual-care model with GP management of patients supported by specialist advice when required, costs £1.89 million. CONCLUSIONS The three alternative models of care are now <50% of the cost of the original estimates undertaken by NICE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pears
- Department of Public Health , Hampshire County Council , Winchester , UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sallie Bacon
- Department of Public Health , Hampshire County Council , Winchester , UK
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
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George M, Selvarajan S, Muthukumar R, Elangovan S. Looking into the Crystal Ball—Upcoming Drugs for Dyslipidemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:11-20. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248414545127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidaemia is a critical risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications such as ischemic heart disease and stroke. Although statins are effective anti-dyslipidemic drugs, their usage is fraught with issues such as failure of adequate lipid control in 30% of cases and intolerance in select patients. The limited potential of other alternatives such as fibrates, bile acid sequestrants and niacin has spurred the search for novel drug molecules with better efficacy and safety. CETP inhibitors such as evacetrapib and anacetrapib have shown promise in raising HDL besides LDL lowering property. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors such as lomitapide and Apo CIII inhibitors such as mipomersen have recently been approved in Familial Hypercholesterolemia but experience in the non-familial setting is pretty much limited. One of the novel anti-dyslipidemic drugs which is greatly anticipated to make a mark in LDL-C control is the PCSK9 inhibitors. Some of the anti-dyslipidemic drugs which work by PCSK9 inhibition include evolocumab, alirocumab and ALN-PCS. Other approaches that are being given due consideration include farnesoid X receptor modulation and Lp-PLA2 inhibition. While it may not be an easy proposition to dismantle statins from their current position as a cholesterol reducing agent and as a drug to reduce coronary and cerebro-vascular atherosclerosis, our improved understanding of the disease and appropriate harnessing of resources using sound and robust technology could make rapid in-roads in our pursuit of the ideal anti-dyslipidemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin George
- Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Chennai, India
| | - Sandhiya Selvarajan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rajaram Muthukumar
- Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Chennai, India
| | - Shanmugam Elangovan
- Department of Cardiology, SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, Chennai, India
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Systematic evaluation of coding variation identifies a candidate causal variant in TM6SF2 influencing total cholesterol and myocardial infarction risk. Nat Genet 2014; 46:345-51. [PMID: 24633158 PMCID: PMC4169222 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Blood lipid levels are heritable, treatable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. We systematically assessed genome-wide coding variation to identify novel lipid genes, fine-map known lipid loci, and evaluate whether low frequency variants with large effect exist. Using an exome array, we genotyped 80,137 coding variants in 5,643 Norwegians. We followed up 18 variants in 4,666 Norwegians to identify 10 loci with coding variants associated with a lipid trait (P < 5×10−8). One coding variant in TM6SF2 (p.Glu167Lys), residing in a GWAS locus for lipid levels, modifies total cholesterol levels and is associated with myocardial infarction. Transient overexpression and knockdown of TM6SF2 in mouse produces alteration in serum lipid profiles consistent with the association observed in humans, identifying TM6SF2 as the functional gene at a large GWAS locus previously known as NCAN/CILP2/PBX4 or 19p13. This study demonstrates that systematic assessment of coding variation can quickly point to a candidate causal gene.
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12
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France M, Schofield J, Kwok S, Soran H. Treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Wooten CJ, Adcock AF, Agina-Obu DI, Lopez D. Having excess levels of PCSK9 is not sufficient to induce complex formation between PCSK9 and the LDL receptor. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 545:124-32. [PMID: 24486405 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) acts mainly by forming complexes with the LDL receptor at the cell surface, which are then degraded in the lysosome. Studies were performed to determine whether excess levels of PCSK9 was sufficient to induce PCSK9/LDL receptor complex formation in human hepatocyte-like C3A cells. It was demonstrated using ELISA that instead of considering the overall levels of PCSK9 protein that is produced in response to certain treatment, what is critical is how much PCSK9 is actually capable of forming complexes. Despite the high levels, most of the PCSK9 produced as a result of incubating cells with a medium supplemented with BD™ MITO+ serum extender (MITO+ medium) appeared to be inhibited by a secreted factor. Having lower levels of PCSK9/LDL receptor complexes did not prevent an increase in the degradation rate of LDL receptors in MITO+ medium as compared to fetal bovine serum (FBS) containing medium (Regular medium), an effect that did not correlate with an increase in protein levels of the inducible degrader of LDL receptors (IDOL), as demonstrated using Western blotting analysis. Additional studies are required to determine the exact mechanism(s) for the degradation of the LDL receptor and/or to identify the secreted inhibitor of PCSK9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Wooten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Audrey F Adcock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - DaTonye I Agina-Obu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | - Dayami Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), College of Arts and Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA.
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