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Aleksić J, Stojanović M, Bošković J, Baranac-Stojanović M. Solid-state silica gel-catalyzed synthesis of fluorescent polysubstituted 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1187-1205. [PMID: 36648494 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02119f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present the green, highly atom-economical, solid-state silica gel-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted 1,4- and 1,2-dihydropyridines (DHPs) from commercially available materials, amines and ethyl propiolate. The DHP skeleton was assembled by heating the reactants and silica gel in a closed vessel. Aliphatic amines provided 1,4-isomers as the main or only DHP products, but the reactions of aromatic amines yielded a mixture of 1,4- and 1,2-isomers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the formation of a 1,2-DHP structure by the reaction of an amine with propiolic ester. Addition of 1 mass percent of H2SO4 to silica gel shifted the product distribution to 1,4-DHP as the main or the only isomer obtained. Experimental and theoretical analyses led to the identification of two key intermediates en route to DHPs and the explanation of the observed regioisomeric ratios. 1,2-DHPs show blue-cyan fluorescence in MeOH with the quantum yield Φ = 0.10-0.22 relative to quinine sulfate Φ = 0.58 and 1,4-DHPs show blue-violet fluorescence with Φ = 0.09-0.81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P.O.Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy - Center for Chemistry, Njegoševa 12, P.O.Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jakša Bošković
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O.Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- University of Belgrade - Faculty of Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, P.O.Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Synthesis new fluorinated 4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives, as perspective antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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1,1′-{[3,5-Bis((dodecyloxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis[4-(anthracen-9-yl)pyridin-1-ium] Dibromide. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthesis of a cationic moiety and fluorescent moieties containing amphiphilic 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP) derivatives was performed starting with the Hantzsch-type cyclization of dodecyl acetoacetate, phenylaldehyde and ammonium acetate. Bromination of the 2,6-dimethyl groups of a parent 1,4-DHP compound, followed by nucleophilic substitution of bromine with 4-(anthracen-9-yl)pyridine, produced the desired 1,1′-{[3,5-bis((dodecyloxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis[4-(anthracen-9-yl)pyridin-1-ium] dibromide. The obtained target compound was fully characterized by the IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS data. Studies of the self-assembling properties and characterization of the nanoparticles obtained by the ethanol injection method were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. DLS measurement data showed that 1,1′-{[3,5-bis((dodecyloxycarbonyl)-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-2,6-diyl]bis(methylene)}bis[4-(anthracen-9-yl)pyridin-1-ium] dibromide produced liposomes that had average diameters of 200 nm when the samples were freshly prepared, and 140 nm after 7 days or 1 month storage. The PDI values of the samples were approximately 0.50 and their zeta-potential values were approximately 41 mV when the samples were freshly prepared, and 33 mV after storage. The obtained nanoparticles were stored at room temperature for one month and remained stable during that period. The mean molecular area of the cationic 1,4-DHP-anthracene hybrid 4 was 118 Å2, while the mean molecular area of the cationic 1,4-DHP 5 without anthracene substituents was only 83 Å2. The photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) value for the EtOH solution of the 1,4-DHP derivative 4 was 10.8%, but for the 1,4-DHP derivative 5 it was only 1.8%. These types of compounds could be used as synthetic lipids in the further development of prospective theranostic delivery systems.
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Ling Y, Hao ZY, Liang D, Zhang CL, Liu YF, Wang Y. The Expanding Role of Pyridine and Dihydropyridine Scaffolds in Drug Design. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4289-4338. [PMID: 34675489 PMCID: PMC8520849 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s329547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine-based ring systems are one of the most extensively used heterocycles in the field of drug design, primarily due to their profound effect on pharmacological activity, which has led to the discovery of numerous broad-spectrum therapeutic agents. In the US FDA database, there are 95 approved pharmaceuticals that stem from pyridine or dihydropyridine, including isoniazid and ethionamide (tuberculosis), delavirdine (HIV/AIDS), abiraterone acetate (prostate cancer), tacrine (Alzheimer's), ciclopirox (ringworm and athlete's foot), crizotinib (cancer), nifedipine (Raynaud's syndrome and premature birth), piroxicam (NSAID for arthritis), nilvadipine (hypertension), roflumilast (COPD), pyridostigmine (myasthenia gravis), and many more. Their remarkable therapeutic applications have encouraged researchers to prepare a larger number of biologically active compounds decorated with pyridine or dihydropyridine, expandeing the scope of finding a cure for other ailments. It is thus anticipated that myriad new pharmaceuticals containing the two heterocycles will be available in the forthcoming decade. This review examines the prospects of highly potent bioactive molecules to emphasize the advantages of using pyridine and dihydropyridine in drug design. We cover the most recent developments from 2010 to date, highlighting the ever-expanding role of both scaffolds in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-You Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Screening of SIRT6 inhibitors and activators: A novel activator has an impact on breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111452. [PMID: 33684691 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a member of sirtuin family (SIRT1-7), regulates a variety of cellular processes involved in aging, metabolism, and cancer. Dysregulation of SIRT6 is widely observed in different breast cancer subtypes; however, the role and function of SIRT6 in cancer development remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to identify novel compounds targeting SIRT6 which may provide a new approach in development of anti-cancer therapy for breast cancer. Virtual screening was utilized to discover potential compounds targeting SIRT6 for in vitro screening. In addition, novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives were synthetized and further subjected for the screening. The impact of the compounds on the deacetylation activity of SIRT6 was determined with HPLC method. The anti-cancer activities were screened for a panel of breast cancer cells. A set of 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives was identified as SIRT6 inhibitors. A SIRT6 activating compound, (2,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-(3-methyl-4-oxo-2-phenyl-4H-chromen-8-yl)acetate (later called as 4H-chromen), was discovered and it provided 30-40-fold maximal activation. 4H-chromen was proposed to bind similarly to quercetin and place to previously reported SIRT6 activator sites. 4H-chromen was investigated in various breast cancer cells, and it decreased cell proliferation in all cells as well as arrested cell cycle in triple negative cells. Overall, this study describes a highly potent SIRT6 activator and new inhibitors that represent a novel tool to study the mechanism of SIRT6 function.
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Petrichenko O, Plotniece A, Pajuste K, Rucins M, Dimitrijevs P, Sobolev A, Sprugis E, Cēbers A. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Amphiphilic 1,4-Dihydropyridines and Preparation of Magnetoliposomes. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11030593. [PMID: 33673422 PMCID: PMC7996955 DOI: 10.3390/nano11030593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study was focused on the estimation of the targeted modification of 1,4-DHP core with (1) different alkyl chain lengths at 3,5-ester moieties of 1,4-DHP (C12, C14 and C16); (2) N-substituent at position 1 of 1,4-DHP (N-H or N-CH3); (3) substituents of pyridinium moieties at positions 2 and 6 of 1,4-DHP (H, 4-CN and 3-Ph); (4) substituent at position 4 of 1,4-DHP (phenyl and napthyl) on physicochemical properties of the entire molecules and on the characteristics of the obtained magnetoliposomes formed by them. It was shown that thermal behavior of the tested 1,4-DHP amphiphiles was related to the alkyl chains length, the elongation of which decreased their transition temperatures. The properties of 1,4-DHP amphiphile monolayers and their polar head areas were determined. The packing parameters of amphiphiles were in the 0.43–0.55 range. It was demonstrated that the structure of 1,4-DHPs affected the physicochemical properties of compounds. “Empty” liposomes and magnetoliposomes were prepared from selected 1,4-DHP amphiphiles. It was shown that the variation of alkyl chains length or the change of substituents at positions 4 of 1,4-DHP did not show a significant influence on properties of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Petrichenko
- Laboratory of Magnetic Soft Materials, Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, 21 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Martins Rucins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Pavels Dimitrijevs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (A.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, 21 Dzirciema Str., LV-1007 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.P.); (K.P.); (M.R.); (P.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Einars Sprugis
- Laboratory of Chemical Technologies, Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Andrejs Cēbers
- Laboratory of Magnetic Soft Materials, Faculty of Physics, Mathematics and Optometry, University of Latvia, 3 Jelgavas str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
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Recent Applications of Heteropolyacids and Related Compounds in Heterocycle Synthesis. Contributions between 2010 and 2020. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, polyoxometalates (POM) have received considerable attention as solid catalysts, due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, since, first, they have very strong Bronsted acidity, approaching the region of a superacid, and second, they are efficient oxidizers that exhibit rapid redox transformations under fairly mild conditions. Their structural mobility is also highlighted, since they are complex molecules that can be modified by changing their structure or the elements that compose them to model their size, charge density, redox potentials, acidity, and solubility. Finally, they can be used in substoichiometric amounts and reused without an appreciable loss of catalytic activity, all of which postulate them as versatile, economic and ecological catalysts. Therefore, in 2009, we wrote a review article highlighting the great variety of organic reactions, mainly in the area of the synthesis of bioactive heterocycles in which they can be used, and this new review completes that article with the contributions made in the same area for the period 2010 to 2020. The synthesized heterocycles to be covered include pyrimidines, pyridines, pyrroles, indoles, chromenes, xanthenes, pyrans, azlactones, azoles, diazines, azepines, flavones, and formylchromones, among others.
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Oriyama T, Han W, Nakajima K, Kajitani M. DBU-Catalyzed Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Derivatives from Arylidenemalononitriles and β-Enamino Imides. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of this review is to highlight recent developments in the synthesis of chiral 1,4-dihydropyridines and their fused analogues. 1,4-Dihydropyridines are among the most active calcium antagonists that are used for the treatment of hypertension. Enantiomers of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines often show different biological activities and may have even an opposite action profile. Hantzsch synthesis usually produces racemic mixtures of unsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines. Therefore, the development of stereoselective synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines is one of the priorities of medicinal chemistry. Over the years, numerous methodologies have been developed for the production of enantiopure 1,4-dihydropyridines, such as stereoselective synthesis using chiral auxiliaries and chiral cyclocondensation partners, chromatographical methods, resolution of diastereomeric 1,4-dihydropyridine salts, enzyme catalysed kinetic resolution, or asymmetrisation of ester groups of 1,4-dihydropyridines. These approaches have been studied in detail and are relatively well established. The catalytic asymmetric approach holds the greatest promise in delivering the most practical and widely applicable methods. Substantial progress has been made toward the development of enantioselective organocatalytic methods for the construction of the chiral dihydropyridines. However, most of them do not provide a convenient way to pharmacologically important 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates. Organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrisation of prochiral 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbaldehydes also has great promise in the synthesis of pharmacologically important 1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates.
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Cascade cyclization of glycine derivatives with β-ketoesters for polysubstituted 1,4-dihydropyridines by visible light photoredox catalysis. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sodium N-(3,5-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-4-carbonyl)-l-methioninate. MOLBANK 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/m1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of the methods for amide bond formation is important for various uses in the laboratory and industrial applications. The compounds combined in their structures 1,4-dihydroisonicotinic acids and amino acids linked with an amide bond can be considered as “privileged structures” due to their broad range of biological activities. Herein, the formation of amide bond between 1,4-dihydroisonicotinic acid and l-methionine is reported. The coupling of l-methionine with pentafluorophenyl active ester of 1,4-dihydroisonicotinic acid appears to be a convenient and effective method for amide bond formation. Sodium N-(3,5-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-4-carbonyl)-l-methioninate has been successfully synthesized via a procedure where the key step is amide formation from 5-diethyl 4-(perfluorophenyl) 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,4,5-tricarboxylate and l-methionine. Sodium salt formation was performed to improve physicochemical properties, such as solubility of the l-methionine-derived 1,4-dihydroisonicotinamide. The obtained target compound was fully characterized by UV, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS, and microanalysis.
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Pilipenko V, Narbute K, Amara I, Trovato A, Scuto M, Pupure J, Jansone B, Poikans J, Bisenieks E, Klusa V, Calabrese V. GABA-containing compound gammapyrone protects against brain impairments in Alzheimer's disease model male rats and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction in cell culture. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:708-726. [PMID: 30742328 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, decreased glucose/energy metabolism, and disrupted neurotransmission are changes that occur early in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), manifesting as mild cognitive impairment. Recently, the imbalanced function of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system was identified as a critical factor in AD progression. Thus, maintaining balance among neurotransmitter systems, particularly the GABA system, can be considered a beneficial strategy to slow AD progression. The present study investigated the effects of the compound gammapyrone, a molecule containing three GABA moieties: "free" moiety attached to the position 4 of the 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) ring, and two "crypto" moieties as part of the DHP scaffold. The "free" and "crypto" GABA moieties are linked by a peptide bond (-CONH-), resulting in a peptide-mimicking structure. In a nontransgenic male rat AD model generated by intracerebroventricular (icv) streptozocin (STZ) administration, gammapyrone (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg ip) mitigated the impairment of spatial learning and memory, prevented astroglial and microglial neuroinflammation, and normalized acetylcholine breakdown and GABA biosynthesis. In PC12 cells, gammapyrone protected against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis caused by the mitochondrial toxin di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Gammapyrone did not bind to GABA-A and GABA-B receptors in vitro; therefore, we cannot attribute its neuroprotective action to a specific interaction with GABA receptors. Nevertheless, we suggest that the peptide-like regulatory mechanisms of gammapyrone or its allosteric modulatory properties are essential for the observed effects. Since, the icv STZ model resembles the early stages of AD, gammapyrone, and/or its congeners could be useful in the design of anti-dementia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimirs Pilipenko
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karina Narbute
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Ines Amara
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Jolanta Pupure
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Baiba Jansone
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Janis Poikans
- Laboratory of Membrane Active Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Egils Bisenieks
- Laboratory of Membrane Active Compounds, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vija Klusa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Italy
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Pikun NV, Kolesnyk NP, Rusanov EB, Plotniece A, Rucins M, Sobolev A, Shermolovich YG. Synthesis of fluorinated 2,6-heptanediones and 2-oxa-6- azabicyclo[2.2.2]octanes from 1,4-dihydropyridines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Marín-Prida J, Pardo Andreu GL, Rossignoli CP, Durruthy MG, Rodríguez EO, Reyes YV, Acosta RF, Uyemura SA, Alberici LC. The cytotoxic effects of VE-3N, a novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, involve the mitochondrial bioenergetic disruption via uncoupling mechanisms. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 42:21-30. [PMID: 28363597 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives overcome the multidrug resistance in tumors, but their intrinsic cytotoxic mechanisms remain unclear. Here we addressed if mitochondria are involved in the cytotoxicity of the novel 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative VE-3N [ethyl 6-chloro-5-formyl-2-methyl-4-(3-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate] towards cancer cells by employing hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cells and isolated rat liver mitochondria. In HepG2 cells, VE-3N induced mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, ATP depletion, annexin V/propidium iodide double labeling, and Hoechst staining; events indicating apoptosis induction. In isolated rat liver mitochondria, VE-3N promoted mitochondrial uncoupling by exerting protonophoric actions and by increasing membrane fluidity. Mitochondrial uncoupling was evidenced by an increase in resting respiration, dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibition of Ca2+ uptake, stimulation of Ca2+ release, decrease in ATP synthesis, and swelling of valinomycin-treated organelles in hyposmotic potassium acetate media. Furthermore, uncoupling concentrations of VE-3N in the presence of Ca2+ plus ruthenium red induced the mitochondrial permeability transition process. These results indicate that mitochondrial uncoupling is potentially involved in the VE-3N cytotoxic actions towards HepG2 cells. Considering that hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common form of liver cancer, our findings may open a new avenue for the development of VE-3N-based cancer therapies, and help to unravel the cytotoxic mechanisms of 1,4-dihydropyridines towards cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Marín-Prida
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilberto L Pardo Andreu
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba.
| | - Camila Pederiva Rossignoli
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael González Durruthy
- Center for Research and Biological Evaluations, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Estael Ochoa Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata st./G and Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado Plaza de la Revolución, PO 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yamila Verdecia Reyes
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana, Zapata st./G and Carlitos Aguirre, Vedado Plaza de la Revolución, PO 10400, Havana, Cuba
| | - Roberto Fernández Acosta
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy and Food, University of Havana, 222 St. # 2317, La Coronela, La Lisa, Havana, Cuba
| | - Sergio A Uyemura
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciane C Alberici
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Café s/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bajaj SD, Mahodaya OA, Tekade PV, Patil VB, Kukade SD. Synthesis of diethyl 4-(phenyl-substituted)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylates catalyzed by CoCl2/K-10 montmorillonite in water and their antimicrobial activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Ionic liquids, metal oxide nanoparticles, and enzymes in synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1926-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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