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Miao M, Wang X, Liu T, Li YJ, Yu WQ, Yang TM, Guo SD. Targeting PPARs for therapy of atherosclerosis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125008. [PMID: 37217063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a chief pathogenic factor of cardiovascular disease, is associated with many factors including inflammation, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors and are widely expressed with tissue- and cell-specificity. They control multiple genes that are involved in lipid metabolism, inflammatory response, and redox homeostasis. Given the diverse biological functions of PPARs, they have been extensively studied since their discovery in 1990s. Although controversies exist, accumulating evidence have demonstrated that PPAR activation attenuates atherosclerosis. Recent advances are valuable for understanding the mechanisms of action of PPAR activation. This article reviews the recent findings, mainly from the year of 2018 to present, including endogenous molecules in regulation of PPARs, roles of PPARs in atherosclerosis by focusing on lipid metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress, and synthesized PPAR modulators. This article provides information valuable for researchers in the field of basic cardiovascular research, for pharmacologists that are interested in developing novel PPAR agonists and antagonists with lower side effects as well as for clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tian Liu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Wen-Qian Yu
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tong-Mei Yang
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Shou-Dong Guo
- Institute of Lipid Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Innovative Drug Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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Wan T, Chen Z. Covalent organic nanospheres modified magnetic nanoparticles for extraction of blood lipid regulators in water samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:2301-2309. [PMID: 33783965 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic nanospheres are new kind of nanospherical polymer with large specific surface area, uniform morphology, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. This material can be fabricated by a facile and rapid room temperature solution-phase strategy. In this work, magnetic nanoparticles were attached to the surface of covalent organic nanospheres, and the obtained composites were used for the extraction of blood lipid regulators such as clofibrate and fenofibrate. These composites were characterized with Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Several parameters that might affect the extraction efficiency including acetonitrile content, pH value, extraction time, and sample volume were investigated. Under optimum conditions, the proposed analytical method showed high extraction efficiency toward clofibrate and fenofibrate with enrichment factors between 60 and 83. This method exhibited outstanding analytical performance with wide linear range and excellent reproducibility and had low limits of detection in the range of 0.02-0.03 ng/mL. This method was also applied to the detection of clofibrate and fenofibrate in lake water samples, and good recoveries in the range of 92.6-112.6% was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, Hubei Province Engineering and Technology Research Center for Fluorinated Pharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Yuan T, Qian H, Yu X, Meng J, Lai CT, Jiang H, Zhao JN, Bao NR. Proteomic analysis reveals rotator cuff injury caused by oxidative stress. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:2040622320987057. [PMID: 33796243 PMCID: PMC7975570 DOI: 10.1177/2040622320987057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Rotator cuff tendinopathy is common and is related to pain and dysfunction.
However, the pathological mechanism of rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
is unclear. Objective: to investigate the pathological mechanism of rotator
cuff injury and shoulder pain, and screen out the marker proteins related to
rotator cuff injury by proteomics. Methods: Subacromial synovium specimens were collected from patients undergoing
shoulder arthroscopic surgery. The experimental group were patients with
rotator cuff repair surgery, and the control group were patients with
habitual dislocation of the shoulder joint. Pathological examination was
performed, and then followed by non-labeled quantitative proteomic
detection. Finally, from analysis of the biological information of the
samples, specific proteins related to rotator cuff injury and shoulder pain
were deduced by functional analysis of differential proteins. Results: All the patients in experimental groups were representative. A large number
of adipocytes and inflammatory cells were found in the pathological sections
of the experimental group; the proteomics analysis screen identified 80
proteins with significant differences, and the analysis of protein function
revealed that S100A11 (p = 0.011), PLIN4
(p = 0.017), HYOU1 (p = 0.002) and
CLIC1 (p = 0.007) were closely related to oxidative stress
and chronic inflammation. Conclusion: Rotator cuff injury is closely related to oxidative stress and chronic
inflammatory response, and the results suggest that the expression of
S100A11, PLIN4, HYOU1 and CLIC1 in the synovium of rotator cuff injury
provides a new marker for the study of its pathological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yuan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Teng Lai
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Ni-Rong Bao
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing 210002, China The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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Carotti S, Aquilano K, Valentini F, Ruggiero S, Alletto F, Morini S, Picardi A, Antonelli-Incalzi R, Lettieri-Barbato D, Vespasiani-Gentilucci U. An overview of deregulated lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with special focus on lysosomal acid lipase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G469-G480. [PMID: 32812776 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00049.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are frequently complicated by excess fat accumulation in the liver, which is known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this context, liver steatosis develops as a result of the deregulation of pathways controlling de novo lipogenesis and fat catabolism. Recent evidences suggest the clinical relevance of a reduction in the activity of lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), which is a key enzyme for intracellular fat disposal, in patients with NAFLD. In this review, we provided a comprehensive overview of the critical steps in hepatic fat metabolism and alterations in these pathways in NAFLD, with a special focus on lipophagy and LAL activity. During NAFLD, hepatic fat metabolism is impaired at several levels, which is significantly contributed to by impaired lipophagy, in which reduced LAL activity may play an important role. For further research and intervention in NAFLD, targeting LAL activity may provide interesting perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Carotti
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Valentini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Ruggiero
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Alletto
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Morini
- Unit of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Picardi
- Unit of Internal Medicine and Hepatology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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