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Tao H, Zhu P, Xia W, Chu M, Chen K, Wang Q, Gu Y, Lu X, Bai J, Geng D. The Emerging Role of the Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain in Skeletal Aging. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1784-1812. [PMID: 37815897 PMCID: PMC11272194 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis is crucial for ensuring healthy mitochondria and normal cellular function. This process is primarily responsible for regulating processes that include mitochondrial OXPHOS, which generates ATP, as well as mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium homeostasis, and mitophagy. Bone mesenchymal stem cells express factors that aid in bone formation and vascular growth. Positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow affects the differentiation of osteoclasts. Furthermore, the metabolic regulation of cells that play fundamental roles in various regions of the bone, as well as interactions within the bone microenvironment, actively participates in regulating bone integrity and aging. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis is dependent on the regulation of intracellular organelles, thus understanding the impact of mitochondrial functional changes on overall bone metabolism is crucially important. Recent studies have revealed that mitochondrial homeostasis can lead to morphological and functional abnormalities in senescent cells, particularly in the context of bone diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal diseases results in abnormal metabolism of bone-associated cells and a secondary dysregulated microenvironment within bone tissue. This imbalance in the oxidative system and immune disruption in the bone microenvironment ultimately leads to bone dysplasia. In this review, we examine the latest developments in mitochondrial respiratory chain regulation and its impacts on maintenance of bone health. Specifically, we explored whether enhancing mitochondrial function can reduce the occurrence of bone cell deterioration and improve bone metabolism. These findings offer prospects for developing bone remodeling biology strategies to treat age-related degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenyu Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Miao Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qiufei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Haian Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiaxiang Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China.
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China.
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Subramanian A, Ip CHL, Qin W, Liu X, W D Carter S, Oguz G, Ramasamy A, E Illanes S, Biswas A, G Perron G, L Fee E, W L Li S, K Y Seah M, A Choolani M, W Kemp M. Simulated lunar microgravity transiently arrests growth and induces osteocyte-chondrocyte lineage differentiation in human Wharton's jelly stem cells. NPJ Microgravity 2024; 10:51. [PMID: 38704360 PMCID: PMC11069510 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-024-00397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (hWJSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are extensively employed in biotechnology applications. However, the impact of simulated lunar microgravity (sμG) on the growth, differentiation, and viability of this cell population is incompletely characterized. We aimed to determine whether acute (72 h) exposure to sμG elicited changes in growth and lineage differentiation in hWJSCs and if putative changes were maintained once exposure to terrestrial gravity (1.0 G) was restored. hWJSCs were cultured under standard 1.0 G conditions prior to being passaged and cultured under sμG (0.16 G) using a random positioning machine. Relative to control, hWJSCs cultured under sμG exhibited marked reductions in growth but not viability. Cell population expression of characteristic stemness markers (CD 73, 90, 105) was significantly reduced under sμG conditions. hWJSCs had 308 significantly upregulated and 328 significantly downregulated genes when compared to 1.0 G culture conditions. Key markers of cell replication, including MKI67, were inhibited. Significant upregulation of osteocyte-chondrocyte lineage markers, including SERPINI1, MSX2, TFPI2, BMP6, COMP, TMEM119, LUM, HGF, CHI3L1 and SPP1, and downregulation of cell fate regulators, including DNMT1 and EZH2, were detected in sμG-exposed hWJSCs. When returned to 1.0 G for 3 days, sμG-exposed hWJSCs had accelerated growth, and expression of stemness markers increased, approaching normal (i.e. 95%) levels. Our data support earlier findings that acute sμG significantly reduces the cell division potential of hWJSCs and suggest that acute sμG-exposure induces reversible changes in cell growth accompanied by osteocyte-chondrocyte changes in lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjunan Subramanian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Chelsea Han Lin Ip
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanxishan Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, No. 46 Chongxin Road, 541002, Guilin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P. R. China
| | - Xiawen Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, The NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou Medical University, 511436, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sean W D Carter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Gokce Oguz
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS). Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Adaikalavan Ramasamy
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS). Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Genome #02-01, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sebastian E Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, 7620001, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arijit Biswas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Gabriel G Perron
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
| | - Erin L Fee
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah W L Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Michelle K Y Seah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Mahesh A Choolani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
| | - Matthew W Kemp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University Hospital, 1E Kent Ridge Road, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Women and Infants Research Foundation, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Subiaco, WA, Australia.
- Centre for Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
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Lin W, Hu S, Li K, Shi Y, Pan C, Xu Z, Li D, Wang H, Li B, Chen H. Breaking Osteoclast-Acid Vicious Cycle to Rescue Osteoporosis via an Acid Responsive Organic Framework-Based Neutralizing and Gene Editing Platform. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307595. [PMID: 38126648 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In the osteoporotic microenvironment, the acidic microenvironment generated by excessive osteoclasts not only causes irreversible bone mineral dissolution, but also promotes reactive oxygen species (ROS) production to induce osteoblast senescence and excessive receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) production, which help to generate more osteoclasts. Hence, targeting the acidic microenvironment and RANKL production may break this vicious cycle to rescue osteoporosis. To achieve this, an acid-responsive and neutralizing system with high in vivo gene editing capacity is developed by loading sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and RANKL-CRISPR/Cas9 (RC) plasmid in a metal-organic framework. This results showed ZIF8-NaHCO3@Cas9 (ZNC) effective neutralized acidic microenvironment and inhibited ROS production . Surprisingly, nanoparticles loaded with NaHCO3 and plasmids show higher transfection efficiency in the acidic environments as compared to the ones loaded with plasmid only. Finally, micro-CT proves complete reversal of bone volume in ovariectomized mice after ZNC injection into the bone remodeling site. Overall, the newly developed nanoparticles show strong effect in neutralizing the acidic microenvironment to achieve bone protection through promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteolysis in a bidirectional manner. This study provides new insights into the treatment of osteoporosis for biomedical and clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for prevention and treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Sihan Hu
- Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yu Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
| | - Chun Pan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Zhuobin Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for prevention and treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
| | - Bin Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key laboratory of integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for prevention and treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, P. R. China
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Yun HM, Kwon HS, Lee JY, Park KR. Vitexicarpin Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Metastatic Properties via the AKT-PRAS40 Pathway in Human Osteosarcoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3582. [PMID: 38612399 PMCID: PMC11012096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, which has poor prognosis after metastasis, is the most common type of bone cancer in children and adolescents. Therefore, plant-derived bioactive compounds are being actively developed for cancer therapy. Artemisia apiacea Hance ex Walp. is a traditional medicinal plant native to Eastern Asia, including China, Japan, and Korea. Vitexicarpin (Vitex), derived from A. apiacea, has demonstrated analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, and immunoregulatory properties; however, there are no published studies on Vitex isolated from the aerial parts of A. apiacea. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antitumour activity of Vitex against human osteosarcoma cells. In the present study, Vitex (>99% purity) isolated from A. apiacea induced significant cell death in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner; cell death was mediated by apoptosis, as evidenced by the appearance of cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspase 3, anti-apoptotic proteins (Survivin and Bcl-2), pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax), and cell cycle-related proteins (Cyclin D1, Cdk4, and Cdk6). Additionally, a human phosphokinase array proteome profiler revealed that Vitex suppressed AKT-dependent downstream kinases. Further, Vitex reduced the phosphorylation of PRAS40, which is associated with autophagy and metastasis, induced autophagosome formation, and suppressed programmed cell death and necroptosis. Furthermore, Vitex induced antimetastatic activity by suppressing the migration and invasion of MMP13, which is the primary protease that degrades type I collagen for tumour-induced osteolysis in bone tissues and preferential metastasis sites. Taken together, our results suggest that Vitex is an attractive target for treating human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sook Kwon
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Joon Yeop Lee
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (J.Y.L.)
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Republic of Korea
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Maroun G, Fissoun C, Villaverde M, Brondello JM, Pers YM. Senescence-regulatory factors as novel circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets in regenerative medicine for osteoarthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105640. [PMID: 37739212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries reveal that the chronic presence of senescent cells in osteoarticular tissues provides a focal point of disease development for osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, senescence-regulatory factors associated with OA still need to be identified. Furthermore, few diagnostic- and prognostic-validated biochemical markers (biomarkers) are currently used in clinics to evaluate OA patients. In the future, alongside imaging and clinical examination, detecting senescence-regulatory biomarkers in patient fluids could become a prospective method for disease: diagnosis, monitoring, progression and prognosis following treatment. This review summarizes a group of circulating OA biomarkers recently linked to senescence onset. Remarkably, these factors identified in proteomics, metabolomic and microRNA studies could also have deleterious or protective roles in osteoarticular tissue homeostasis. In addition, we discuss their potentially innovative modulation in combination with senotherapeutic approaches, for long-lasting OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Maroun
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Christina Fissoun
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Marina Villaverde
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France; HCS Pharma, Biocentre Fleming, 250, rue Salvador-Allende, Bat A, 59120 Loos, France
| | - Jean-Marc Brondello
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France
| | - Yves-Marie Pers
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, University of Montpellier, INSERM UMR 1183, 34298 Montpellier, France; Clinical immunology and osteoarticular diseases Therapeutic Unit, Lapeyronie University Hospital, CHU Montpellier, IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
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Peng C, Yang Q, Kong X, Sun Z, Wang L, Xiao L. Association of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolism: a retrospective, cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:43. [PMID: 38195444 PMCID: PMC10775480 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that lymphocytes and cytokines can mediate bone metabolism. This study explored the clinical association and predictive ability of lymphocytes and cytokines levels for bone metabolism. METHODS A total of 162 patients were enrolled in this study. The levels of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), β-collagen degradation product (β-CTX), total T lymphocytes, immature T lymphocytes, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, helper/inducer T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IFN-α, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL12p70 were evaluated. The relationship between these lymphocyte subsets and cytokines with bone metabolic status was examined and their predictive ability for bone metabolic status was assessed. RESULTS The principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis results varied on differences in lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in various bone metabolism states. Differential analysis revealed significant differences in the absolute counts of B lymphocytes (P < 0.05), level of IL-12p70 (P < 0.05), and IL-8 (P < 0.001) at different P1NP levels. Significant differences were observed in the absolute counts of total T lymphocytes (P < 0.05), B lymphocytes (P < 0.05), the level of IL-6 (P < 0.05), the percentage of B lymphocytes (P < 0.01), and NK cells (P < 0.05) at different β-CTX levels. Furthermore, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the absolute count of B lymphocytes and levels of IL-12p70 and IL-8 could be used to evaluate bone formation states, while the absolute counts of T and B lymphocytes, level of IL-6, and percentages of NK cells and B lymphocytes could be used to evaluate bone resorption states. CONCLUSION The bone metabolism status changed based on the lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels. Differentially expressed lymphocytes and cytokines could be used to distinguish bone metabolism status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatrics, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiangrui Kong
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhengzhong Sun
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- Institute of Respiratory and Critical Medicine/Beijing Key Laboratory of OTIR, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 17# Heishanhu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Chitinase-3-like Protein 1 Is Associated with Poor Virologic Control and Immune Activation in Children Living with HIV. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122602. [PMID: 36560606 PMCID: PMC9786985 DOI: 10.3390/v14122602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Perinatally infected children living with HIV (CLWH) face lifelong infection and associated inflammatory injury. Chitinase-like 3 protein-1 (CHI3L1) is expressed by activated neutrophils and may be a clinically informative marker of systemic inflammation in CLWH. We conducted a multi-centre, cross-sectional study of CLWH, enrolled in the Early Pediatric Initiation Canadian Child Cure Cohort Study (EPIC4). Plasma levels of CHI3L1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and markers of microbial translocation were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Longitudinal clinical characteristics (viral load, neutrophil count, CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte counts, and antiretroviral (ARV) regimen) were abstracted from patient medical records. One-hundred-and-five (105) CLWH (median age 13 years, 62% female) were included in the study. Seventy-seven (81%) had viral suppression on combination antiviral therapy (cART). The median CHI3L1 level was 25 μg/L (IQR 19-39). CHI3L1 was directly correlated with neutrophil count (ρ = 0.22, p = 0.023) and inversely correlated with CD4/CD8 lymphocyte ratio (ρ = -0.35, p = 0.00040). Children with detectable viral load had higher levels of CHI3L1 (40 μg/L (interquartile range, IQR 33-44) versus 24 μg/L (IQR 19-35), p = 0.0047). CHI3L1 levels were also correlated with markers of microbial translocation soluble CD14 (ρ = 0.26, p = 0.010) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (ρ = 0.23, p = 0.023). We did not detect differences in CHI3L1 between different cART regimens. High levels of neutrophil activation marker CHI3L1 are associated with poor virologic control, immune dysregulation, and microbial translocation in CLWH on cART.
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Yun HM, Park JE, Lee JY, Park KR. Latifolin, a Natural Flavonoid, Isolated from the Heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera Induces Bioactivities through Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Necroptosis in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13629. [PMID: 36362414 PMCID: PMC9655104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm with frequent metastasis and high mortality in the oral cavity. Plant-derived natural compounds are actively progressing as a trend for cancer treatment. Latifolin (Latif), is a natural flavonoid isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen (D. odorifera) has been known to have beneficial effects on anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and cardio-protective activities. However, the anti-cancer effects of Latif are unknown in OSCC. Herein, as a result of analysis in terms of the aggressive features of OSCCs, we found that Latif significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of human YD-8 and YD-10B OSCCs, and caused the anti-metastatic activities by effectively blocking cell migration, invasion, and adhesion via the inactivation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK)/non-receptor tyrosine kinase (Src). Moreover, we found that Latif induced apoptotic cell death to suppress the cell survival and proliferation of YD-10B OSCCs by targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Finally, we analyzed in terms of autophagy and necroptosis, which are other mechanisms of programmed cell death and survival compared to apoptosis in YD-10B OSCCs. We found that Latif suppressed autophagic-related proteins and autophagosome formation, and also Latif inhibited necroptosis by dephosphorylating necroptosis-regulatory proteins (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL). Given these findings, our results provided new evidence for Latif's biological effect and mechanism in YD-10B OSCCs, suggesting that Latif may be a new candidate for patients with OSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea
| | - Joon Yeop Lee
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Korea
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Yun HM, Lee JY, Kim B, Park KR. Suffruticosol B Is an Osteogenic Inducer through Osteoblast Differentiation, Autophagy, Adhesion, and Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113559. [PMID: 36362346 PMCID: PMC9658763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Suffruticosol B (Suf-B) is a stilbene found in Paeonia suffruticosa ANDR., which has been traditionally used in medicine. Stilbenes and their derivatives possess various pharmacological effects, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-osteoporotic activities. This study aimed to explore the bone-forming activities and mechanisms of Suf-B in pre-osteoblasts. Herein, >99.9% pure Suf-B was isolated from P. suffruticosa methanolic extracts. High concentrations of Suf-B were cytotoxic, whereas low concentrations did not affect cytotoxicity in pre-osteoblasts. Under zero levels of cytotoxicity, Suf-B exhibited bone-forming abilities by enhancing alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities, bone matrix calcification, and expression levels with non-collagenous proteins. Suf-B induces intracellular signal transduction, leading to nuclear RUNX2 expression. Suf-B-stimulated differentiation showed increases in autophagy proteins and autophagosomes, as well as enhancement of osteoblast adhesion and transmigration on the ECM. These results indicate that Suf-B has osteogenic qualities related to differentiation, autophagy, adhesion, and migration. This also suggests that Suf-B could have a therapeutic effect as a phytomedicine in skeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Joon Yeop Lee
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- National Development Institute for Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ran Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwangju 61751, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-712-4412; Fax: +82-62-372-4102
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