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Umar H, Aliyu MR, Usman AG, Ghali UM, Abba SI, Ozsahin DU. Prediction of cell migration potential on human breast cancer cells treated with Albizia lebbeck ethanolic extract using extreme machine learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22242. [PMID: 38097683 PMCID: PMC10721884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49363-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the modern world, and the incidence varies considerably based on race, ethnicity, and region. Novel cancer treatments, such as surgery and immunotherapy, are ineffective and expensive. In this situation, ion channels responsible for cell migration have appeared to be the most promising targets for cancer treatment. This research presents findings on the organic compounds present in Albizia lebbeck ethanolic extracts (ALEE), as well as their impact on the anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and cytotoxic potentials on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) based models, multilayer perceptron (MLP), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and extreme learning machine (ELM) were performed to predict in vitro cancer cell migration on both cell lines, based on our experimental data. The organic compounds composition of the ALEE was studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Cytotoxicity, anti-proliferations, and anti-migratory activity of the extract using Tryphan Blue, MTT, and Wound Heal assay, respectively. Among the various concentrations (2.5-200 μg/mL) of the ALEE that were used in our study, 2.5-10 μg/mL revealed anti-migratory potential with increased concentrations, and they did not show any effect on the proliferation of the cells (P < 0.05; n ≥ 3). Furthermore, the three data-driven models, Multi-layer perceptron (MLP), Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and Extreme learning machine (ELM), predict the potential migration ability of the extract on the treated cells based on our experimental data. Overall, the concentrations of the plant extract that do not affect the proliferation of the type cells used demonstrated promising effects in reducing cell migration. XGB outperformed the MLP and ELM models and increased their performance efficiency by up to 3% and 1% for MCF and 1% and 2% for MDA-MB231, respectively, in the testing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzaifa Umar
- Near East University, Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey.
| | - Maryam Rabiu Aliyu
- Department of Energy System Engineering, Cyprus International University, Northern Cyprus via Mersin 10, 99258, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Garba Usman
- Near East University, Operational Research Centre in Healthcare, TRNC Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, TRNC, Mersin 10, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Umar Muhammad Ghali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Firat University, Merkezi, 23199, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Sani Isah Abba
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dilber Uzun Ozsahin
- Department of Medical Diagnostic Imaging, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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A Comprehensive Insight into the Phytochemical, Pharmacological Potential, and Traditional Medicinal Uses of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5359669. [PMID: 35497931 PMCID: PMC9050289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5359669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Albizialebbeck is a deciduous tree having tremendous medicinal utilities, for example, respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal, oral disorders, eye, urinary, genital, anorectal, inflammatory, and neurological disorders, and venereal diseases. Several studies have been undertaken on the medicinal and traditional values of A. lebbeck. Objective. The detailed information about its medicinal uses and pharmacological implications is highly scattered and distributed in different data sources. Hence, the study was conducted to supply an inclusive review of its ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemicals, and the available pharmacological attributes supporting its efficiency in traditional medicine. Method. Literature surveys were conducted on this medicinal plant via search engines like Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, and obtained information up to December 2020 has been assessed and analyzed for this study. Results. Systematic investigation revealed that A. lebbeck consists of various phytochemicals, including major alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids. Its crude extract, fraction, and bioactive compounds exhibited potent adulticidal, antiallergic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antiparasitic, antipyretic, antivenom, estrogenic, neuroprotective, nootropic, ovicidal, and wound healing activities. Conclusions. This study proposes that A. lebbeck remains a rich source of phytochemicals with various biological activities which possess outstanding therapeutic benefits to humanity across the world. However, studies are required to estimate the potential side effects. Moreover, mechanistic physiognomies of the isolated compounds with known bioactivities are quite limited; thus, forthcoming research needs to focus on the mechanisms of these active phytochemicals to facilitate their potential enrolling for drug discovery.
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Dubey M, Jensen DF, Karlsson M. Functional characterization of the AGL1 aegerolysin in the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride reveals a role in conidiation and antagonism. Mol Genet Genomics 2020; 296:131-140. [PMID: 33052533 PMCID: PMC7840653 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-020-01732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aegerolysins are small secreted pore-forming proteins that are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The role of aegerolysins in sporulation, fruit body formation, and in lysis of cellular membrane is suggested in fungi. The aim of the present study was to characterize the biological function of the aegerolysin gene agl1 in the mycoparasitic fungus Trichoderma atroviride, used for biological control of plant diseases. Gene expression analysis showed higher expression of agl1 during conidiation and during growth in medium supplemented with cell wall material from the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani as the sole carbon source. Expression of agl1 was supressed under iron-limiting condition, while agl1 transcript was not detected during T. atroviride interactions with the prey fungi Botrytis cinerea or R. solani. Phenotypic analysis of agl1 deletion strains (Δagl1) showed reduced conidiation compared to T. atroviride wild type, thus suggesting the involvement of AGL1 in conidiation. Furthermore, the Δagl1 strains display reduced antagonism towards B. cinerea and R. solani based on a secretion assay, although no difference was detected during direct interactions. These data demonstrate the role of AGL1 in conidiation and antagonism in the mycoparasitic fungus T. atroviride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Dubey
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Dan Funck Jensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Uppsala Biocenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7026, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
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Das Mahapatra A, Patra C, Mondal J, Sinha C, Chandra Sadhukhan P, Chattopadhyay D. Silver Nanoparticles Derived from
Albizia lebbeck
Bark Extract Demonstrate Killing of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria by Damaging Cellular Architecture with Antioxidant Activity. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Das Mahapatra
- Virus Labortory DepartmentICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases CIT Rd. Kolkata 700010 India
| | - Chiranjit Patra
- Virus Labortory DepartmentICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases CIT Rd. Kolkata 700010 India
| | - Joy Mondal
- Virus Labortory DepartmentICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases CIT Rd. Kolkata 700010 India
| | | | - Provash Chandra Sadhukhan
- Virus Labortory DepartmentICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases CIT Rd. Kolkata 700010 India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- Virus Labortory DepartmentICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases CIT Rd. Kolkata 700010 India
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional MedicineNehru Nagar Belagavi 59010 l India
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Desai TH, Joshi SV. Anticancer activity of saponin isolated from Albizia lebbeck using various in vitro models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:494-502. [PMID: 30408535 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. (Family: Mimosaceae) is commonly known as Sirisha in Sanskrit. The leaves and pods of A. lebbeck were claimed to be used against cancer in traditional medicine. Previous studies using bark, leaves, seeds and pods of A. lebbeck showed cytotoxic activity against hepatic, colon, larynx, cervical and breast cancer cell lines. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the anticancer activity of saponin rich fraction of Albizia lebbeck by using various in vitro models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Albiziasaponins (A-E) are oleanene triterpene presents in Albizia lebbeck were used for in silico studies. In silico testing of albiziasaponins for structure based pharmacological activity prediction using PASS Online software and docking with Autodock tool and Autodock Vina revels it's anticancer and apoptogenic potential. Antiproliferative activity of saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck was performed using MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by MTT assay methods. Anti-angiogenic property of saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck was evaluated in in vitro shell less chick embryo cultures with different concentrations (0.1 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml, and 1 µg/ml) by using ImageJ software. In vitro cultured lymphocytes chromosomal aberration assay was performed to determine the physical integrity of chromosomes in cells and effect of saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck on cell cycle. Apoptogenic potential was evaluated using Caspases-3 and Caspase-8 ELISA assay in MCF-7 cells. RESULTS Result of MTT assay showed IC50 of saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck at 1 μg/ml in MCF-7 cells. Treatment with saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck significantly (p < 0.05) reduced angiogenic parameters. Significant chromosomal aberrations (hypodiploid, hyperdiploid, ring, premature separation, Dicentric fragments, Acentric fragment, chromatid break, and chromosomal gap) were observed in saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck treated groups. Treatment with saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck increased levels of Caspases-3 (optical density of 0.24 at 450 nm) and Caspase-8 (optical density of 0.31 at 450 nm) as compared to staurosporine (optical density of 2.47 and 2.65 for caspases-3 and -8 respectively at 450 nm). CONCLUSION In our study, saponin rich fraction of A. lebbeck showed antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and apoptogenic potential using various in-vitro models. It also found to increase chromosomal aberration and thereby may affect cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi H Desai
- Maliba Pharmacy College, Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat, India.
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Umar H, Kavaz D, Rizaner N. Biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Albizia lebbeck stem bark, and evaluation of its antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities on human breast cancer cell lines. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:87-100. [PMID: 30587987 PMCID: PMC6304255 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s186888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biocompatibility and stability of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) synthesized using plants is an interesting research area of study in nanotechnology, due to its wide applications in biomedical, industrial, cell imaging, and biosensor fields. The present study reports the novel green synthesis of stable ZnO NPs using various concentrations of zinc nitrate (0.01M, 0.05M, 0.1M) and Albizia lebbeck stem bark extracts as an efficient chelating agent. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative activities of the synthesized NPs on human breast cancer cell lines were evaluated using different assays. Methods Characterization of the synthesized ZnO NPs were carried out using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Antimicrobial activity evaluation using disc diffusion method, antioxidant activity using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radical scavenging assay and cytotoxic activity on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 using tryphan blue dye exclusion and MTT assay. Results The UV–vis spectroscopy result revealed an absorption peak in the range of 370 nm. The involvements of A. lebbeck bioactive compounds in the stabilization of the ZnO NPs were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Zeta sizer studies showed an average size of 66.25 nm with a polydisparity index of 0.262. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses results revealed irregular spherical morphology and the presence of primarily Zn, C, O, Na, P, and K, respectively. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs revealed strong antimicrobial potentials against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial pathogens. Antioxidant activities carried out using H2O2 free radical scavenging assay revealed higher IC50 values of 48.5, 48.7, and 60.2 µg/mL for 0.1M, 0.05M, and 0.01M ZnO NPs, respectively. Moreover, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed significant cytotoxic effects on MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines (P< 0.001, n≥3) in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion Overall, various concentrations of ZnO NPs were synthesized through a stable, simple, and eco-friendly green route via the use of A. lebbeck stem bark extract. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs showed strong antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against strongly and weakly metastatic breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huzaifa Umar
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey, .,Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey, .,Bioengineering Department, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey,
| | - Doga Kavaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey, .,Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey, .,Bioengineering Department, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey,
| | - Nahit Rizaner
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey, .,Biotechnology Research Center, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey, .,Bioengineering Department, Cyprus International University, Mersin, Turkey,
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Kumar Varma CA, Jayaram Kumar K. Structural, functional and pH sensitive release characteristics of water-soluble polysaccharide from the seeds of Albizia lebbeck L. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 175:502-508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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de Moraes GMD, de Abreu LR, do Egito AS, Salles HO, da Silva LMF, Nero LA, Todorov SD, dos Santos KMO. Functional Properties of Lactobacillus mucosae Strains Isolated from Brazilian Goat Milk. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 9:235-245. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9244-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Salles HO, Braga ACL, do Nascimento MTDSC, Sousa AMP, Lima AR, Vieira LDS, Cavalcante ACR, do Egito AS, Andrade LBDS. Lectin, hemolysin and protease inhibitors in seed fractions with ovicidal activity against Haemonchus contortus. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2014; 23:136-43. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612014050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive molecules of plant species are promising alternatives for the chemical control of gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants. Extracts of native and exotic seed species from Brazil's semi-arid region were tested in vitro in an egg hatch assay and the bioactivity of their proteins was investigated. Each seed species was subjected to three extractions with three types of solvents. All the seeds showed ovicidal activity, which varied according to the solvents. Higher ovicidal activity was found in the molecule fractions of low molecular weight (<12 kDa) for Albizia lebbeck, Ipomoea asarifolia, Jatropha curcas, Libidibia ferrea, Moringa oleifera and Ricinus communis(P<0.05, Bonferroni test). The two fractions of Crotalaria spectabilis showed the same ovicidal activity (P>0.05, Bonferroni test). Hemagglutinating activity was detected in the fractions of C. spectabilis and M. oleifera fractions, hemolysin activity in the A. lebbeck and M. oleifera fractions, serine protease inhibitory activity in the A. lebbeck, I. asarifolia, J. curcas, M. oleifera and R. communis fractions, cysteine protease inhibitor activity in the M. oleifera fraction, and no protein activity in the L. ferrea fraction. The results of this work reveal new plant species with a potential for use in controlling nematode parasites in goats, thus opening a new field of research involving plant protein molecules with ovicidal properties.
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Antibacterial substances from Albizia myriophylla wood against cariogenic Streptococcus mutans. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:723-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Lam SK, Ng TB. Purification and characterization of an antifungal peptide with potent antifungal activity but devoid of antiproliferative and HIV reverse transcriptase activities from Legumi secchi beans. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 169:2165-74. [PMID: 23412767 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0129-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A monomeric 9.4-kDa peptide with antifungal activity was isolated from seeds of Phaseolus vulgaris cv Legumi secchi by using a protocol that involved affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose, ion exchange chromatography on Q-Sepharose, and gel filtration on Superdex 75. It was adsorbed on Blue-Sepharose and unadsorbed on Q-Sepharose. Its N-terminal sequence resembled those of other leguminous defensins. It impeded mycelial growth in the fungi Helminthosporium maydis, Rhizoctonia solani, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and Fusarium oxysporum with an IC(50) value of 9.5, 3.5, 1, and 9.2 μM, respectively, but there was no effect on Valsa mali. SYTOX Green uptake by R. solani indicated that the antifungal peptide induced fungal membrane permeabilization. In contrast to the majority of previously reported defensins/defensin-like peptides, Legumi secchi antifungal peptide did not reduce the viability of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HepG2 hepatoma cells or inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, indicating a dissociation between antifungal, antiproliferative and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Kwan Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Souza AJ, Ferreira ATS, Perales J, Beghini DG, Fernandes KVS, Xavier-Filho J, Venancio TM, Oliveira AEA. Identification of Albizia lebbeck seed coat chitin-binding vicilins (7S globulins) with high toxicity to the larvae of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus. Braz J Med Biol Res 2012; 45:118-24. [PMID: 22267002 PMCID: PMC3854254 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed coat is a specialized maternal tissue that interfaces the embryo and the external environment during embryogenesis, dormancy and germination. In addition, it is the first defensive barrier against penetration by pathogens and herbivores. Here we show that Albizia lebbeck seed coat dramatically compromises the oviposition, eclosion and development of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus. Dietary supplementation of bruchid larvae with A. lebbeck seed coat flour causes severe weight loss and reduces survival. By means of protein purification, mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analyses, we show that chitinbinding vicilins are the main source of A. lebbeck tegumental toxicity to C. maculatus. At concentrations as low as 0.1%, A. lebbeck vicilins reduce larval mass from 8.1 ± 1.7 (mass of control larvae) to 1.8 ± 0.5 mg, which corresponds to a decrease of 78%. Seed coat toxicity constitutes an efficient defense mechanism, hindering insect predation and preventing embryo damage. We hypothesize that A. lebbeck vicilins are good candidates for the genetic transformation of crop legumes to enhance resistance to bruchid predation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Souza
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brasil
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A hemolytic peptide from the mycophilic fungus Sepedonium chrysospermum (Bull.) Fr. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 94:987-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3675-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Natural products from ethnodirected studies: revisiting the ethnobiology of the zombie poison. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:202508. [PMID: 21977054 PMCID: PMC3184504 DOI: 10.1155/2012/202508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wade Davis's study of Haitian “zombification” in the 1980s was a landmark in ethnobiological research. His research was an attempt to trace the origins of reports of “undead” Haitians, focusing on the preparation of the zombification poison. Starting with this influential ethnopharmacological research, this study examines advances in the pharmacology of natural products, focusing especially on those of animal-derived products. Ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, and chemical aspects are considered. We also update information on the animal species that reportedly constitute the zombie poison. Several components of the zombie powder are not unique to Haiti and are used as remedies in traditional medicine worldwide. This paper emphasizes the medicinal potential of products from zootherapy. These biological products are promising sources for the development of new drugs.
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