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Lamichhane G, Sharma G, Sapkota B, Adhikari M, Ghimire S, Poudel P, Jung HJ. Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Anti-Adipogenic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Five Selected Medicinal Plants of Nepal. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:93-106. [PMID: 36891159 PMCID: PMC9987241 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s388968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, Alnus nepalensis, Dryopteris sparsa, Artocarpus lacucha, Litsea monopetala, and Lyonia ovalifolia. Methods We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.7 cells, and anti-adipogenic activity by the ORO assay in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Results and discussion The extract of A. nepalensis showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50=4.838 µg/mL), followed by A. lacucha, L. monopetala, and L. ovalifolia, exhibiting comparable IC50 values to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=5.063 µg/mL). Alnus nepalensis also showed good antibacterial activity in disc diffusion methods, with remarkable zones of inhibition in A. baumannii (14.66 mm) and P. mirabilis (15.50 mm) bacterial species. In addition, A. nepalensis was found to increase adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, evidenced by increased lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A similar pattern of increased adipogenesis was observed on treatment with L. ovalifolia extracts. On the other hand, A. lacucha effectively reduced lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 cells at 100 µg/mL (75.18±6.42%) by inhibiting adipogenesis, showing its potential use in the management of obesity. Furthermore, A. lacucha 100 µg/mL (15.91±0.277 µM) and L. monopetala 75 µg/mL (12.52±0.05 µM) and 100 µg/mL (11.77±0.33 µM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, A. nepalensis and L. ovalifolia inhibited NO production significantly, endorsing their anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion The findings from these in-vitro studies suggest that the selected five plants possess remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study opens the door to conduct further advanced in-vivo experiments to find possible lead compounds for the development of valuable therapeutic agents for common health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Lamichhane
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Grinsun Sharma
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, South Korea
| | - Biswash Sapkota
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda, 44107, Nepal
| | - Mahendra Adhikari
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany
| | - Sandhaya Ghimire
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
| | - Prakash Poudel
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal.,Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal
| | - Hyun-Ju Jung
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea
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Muema JM, Bargul JL, Obonyo MA, Njeru SN, Matoke-Muhia D, Mutunga JM. Contemporary exploitation of natural products for arthropod-borne pathogen transmission-blocking interventions. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:298. [PMID: 36002857 PMCID: PMC9404607 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated approach to innovatively counter the transmission of various arthropod-borne diseases to humans would benefit from strategies that sustainably limit onward passage of infective life cycle stages of pathogens and parasites to the insect vectors and vice versa. Aiming to accelerate the impetus towards a disease-free world amid the challenges posed by climate change, discovery, mindful exploitation and integration of active natural products in design of pathogen transmission-blocking interventions is of high priority. Herein, we provide a review of natural compounds endowed with blockade potential against transmissible forms of human pathogens reported in the last 2 decades from 2000 to 2021. Finally, we propose various translational strategies that can exploit these pathogen transmission-blocking natural products into design of novel and sustainable disease control interventions. In summary, tapping these compounds will potentially aid in integrated combat mission to reduce disease transmission trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.
| | - Joel L Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Meshack A Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
| | - Sospeter N Njeru
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Centre for Biotechnology Research Development (CBRD), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - James M Mutunga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Kenya University (MKU), P.O. Box 54, Thika, 01000, Kenya.,School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Platyphyllenone Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis by Modulating the AKT and JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathways in Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084211. [PMID: 33921647 PMCID: PMC8074098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platyphyllenone is a type of diarylheptanoid that exhibits anti-inflammatory and chemoprotective effects. However, its effect on oral cancer remains unclear. In this study, we investigated whether platyphyllenone can promote apoptosis and autophagy in SCC-9 and SCC-47 cells. We found that it dose-dependently promoted the cleavage of PARP; caspase-3, -8, and -9 protein expression; and also led to cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Platyphyllenone up-regulated LC3-II and p62 protein expression in both SCC-9 and SCC-47 cell lines, implying that it can induce autophagy. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that platyphyllenone significantly decreased p-AKT and increased p-JNK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. The specific inhibitors of p-JNK1/2 also reduced platyphyllenone-induced cleavage of PARP, caspase-3, and caspase -8, LC3-II and p62 protein expression. These findings are the first to demonstrate that platyphyllenone can induce both autophagy and apoptosis in oral cancers, and it is expected to provide a therapeutic option as a chemopreventive agent against oral cancer proliferation.
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Boniface PK, Elizabeth FI. An Insight into the Discovery of Potent Antifilarial Leads Against Lymphatic Filariasis. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 21:657-680. [PMID: 31800381 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666191204152415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lymphatic filariasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by infection with filarial worms that are transmitted through mosquito bites. Globally, 120 million people are infected, with nearly 40 million people disfigured and disabled by complications such as severe swelling of the legs (elephantiasis) or scrotum (hydrocele). Current treatments (ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine) have limited effects on adult parasites and produce side effects; therefore, there is an urgent to search for new antifilarial agents. Numerous studies on the antifilarial activity of pure molecules have been reported accross the recent literature. The present study describes the current standings of potent antifilarial compounds against lymphatic filariasis. METHODS A literature search was conducted for naturally occurring and synthetic antifilarial compounds by referencing textbooks and scientific databases (SciFinder, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley, ACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Springer, among others) from their inception until September 2019. RESULTS Numerous compounds have been reported to exhibit antifilarial acitivity in adult and microfilariae forms of the parasites responsible for lymphatic filariasis. In silico studies of active antifilarial compounds (ligands) showed molecular interactions over the protein targets (trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase, thymidylate synthase, among others) of lymphatic filariasis, and supported the in vitro results. CONCLUSION With reference to in vitro antifilarial studies, there is evidence that natural and synthetic products can serve as basic scaffolds for the development of antifilarial agents. The optimization of the most potent antifilarial compounds can be further performed, followed by their in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pone Kamdem Boniface
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ferreira Igne Elizabeth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kushwaha V, Rastogi S, Pandey MM, Saxena K, Khatoon S, Rawat AKS, Murthy PK. In Vitro and In Vivo Antifilarial Activity of Standardized Extract of Calotropis procera Flowers against Brugia malayi. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1252-1262. [PMID: 31218959 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190620154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a parasitic disease that causes permanent disability (elephantiasis). Currently used antifilarial drugs are failing to control LF and there is resurgence in some areas. Looking for new antifilarial leads, we found that Calotropis procera plant parts have been used in traditional medicine for alleviating elephantiasis but the antifilarial activity is not known. OBJECTIVE In the present study, the antifilarial activity of ethanolic extract (A001) and its hexane fraction (F001) of C. procera flowers was investigated using the human filarial parasite Brugia malayi. METHODS A001 and F001 were tested for antifilarial activity using motility and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays (in vitro) and in the rodent models B. malayi- Meriones unguiculatus and B. malayi-Mastomys coucha. In the rodent models, A001 and F001 were administered orally for 5 consecutive days, and the adult worm burden and course of microfilaraemia were determined. RESULTS Both A001 and F001 showed microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal activity in vitro. In animal models, A001 killed ~49-54% adult worms. In M. coucha model, F001 killed 12-60% adult worms in a dose (125-500 mg/kg) dependent manner; A001 and F001 suppressed microfilaraemia till days 91 and 35 post initiation of treatment, respectively. HPTLC revealed 0.61% lupeol, 0.50% β-sitosterol and 1.50% triacontanol in F001. CONCLUSION Flowers of C. procera have definite microfilaricidal and macrofilaricidal activities. Whether this activity is due to lupeol, β-sitosterol and triacontanol found in the hexane fraction remains to be investigated. This is the first report on the antifilarial efficacy of flowers of the plant C. procera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kushwaha
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Subha Rastogi
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Madan Mohan Pandey
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
| | - Sayyada Khatoon
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Singh Rawat
- Pharmacognosy & Ethnopharmacology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - P Kaplana Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226 031, India
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Motiur Rahman AFM, Lu Y, Lee HJ, Jo H, Yin W, Alam MS, Cha H, Kadi AA, Kwon Y, Jahng Y. Linear diarylheptanoids as potential anticancer therapeutics: synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure–activity relationship studies. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:1131-1148. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1004-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Yang EJ, An JH, Son YK, Yeo JH, Song KS. The Cytotoxic Constituents ofBetula platyphyllaand their Effects on Human Lung A549 Cancer Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.20307/nps.2018.24.4.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ju Yang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hee An
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyoung Son
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Hong Yeo
- Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Song
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Alberti Á, Riethmüller E, Béni S. Characterization of diarylheptanoids: An emerging class of bioactive natural products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 147:13-34. [PMID: 28958734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids are a class of secondary plant metabolites with a wide variety of bioactivity. Research on their phytochemistry and phytoanalysis is rapidly growing and the number of identified structures bearing the aryl-C7-aryl skeleton is at present approaching 500. Historically, the yellow pigment curcumin has been characterized as the first diarylheptanoid and the extensive research on naturally occurring analogues is still ongoing. In this review, studies dealing with the characterization of linear and cyclic derivatives are discussed from the phytoanalytical point of view. Isolation, fractionation and purification strategies from natural sources along with their chromatographic behavior and structural characteristics are discussed. The role of various techniques used for the extraction (such as Soxhlet extraction, sonication, maceration/percolation, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction); isolation (liquid-liquid extraction, column chromatographic techniques, preparative thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, centrifugal partition chromatography, counter-current chromatography); separation (thin-layer chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis) and structural characterization (UV/Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and circular dichroism spectroscopy) are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Alberti
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacognosy, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út, 26. Hungary.
| | - Eszter Riethmüller
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacognosy, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út, 26. Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Semmelweis University, Department of Pharmacognosy, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út, 26. Hungary.
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Ren X, He T, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Chen X, Bai S, Wang L, Shen M, She G. The Genus Alnus, A Comprehensive Outline of Its Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities. Molecules 2017; 22:E1383. [PMID: 28825681 PMCID: PMC6152317 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Alnus (Betulaceae) is comprised of more than 40 species. Many species of this genus have a long history of use in folk medicines. Phytochemical investigations have revealed the presence of diarylheptanoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids and other compounds. Diarylheptanoids, natural products with a 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are the dominant constituents in the genus, whose anticancer effect has been brought into focus. Pure compounds and crude extracts from the genus exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities both in vitro and in vivo. This paper compiles 273 naturally occurring compounds from the genus Alnus along with their structures and pharmacological activities, as reported in 138 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Ren
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ting He
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanli Chang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Shaojuan Bai
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Le Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng Shen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gaimei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Kushwaha V, Saxena K, Verma R, Verma SK, Katoch D, Kumar N, Lal B, Murthy PK, Singh B. Antifilarial activity of diterpenoids from Taxodium distichum. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:312. [PMID: 27245322 PMCID: PMC4888613 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphatic filariasis caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi and B. timori, is a debilitating disease with an adverse social and economic impact. The infection remains unabated in spite of treatment with existing antifilarial drugs diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and ivermectin which are chiefly microfilaricides. There is therefore, need for macrofilaricides, embryostatic agents and better microfilaricides. In the present study we explored the antifilarial potential of crude extract and its molecular fractions of the plant Taxodium distichum using in vitro assay systems and rodent models of B. malayi infection. METHODS Ethanolic extract (A001) of aerial parts of T. distichum was solvent fractionated and sub-fractionated. Four molecules, 3-Acetoxylabda-8(20), 13-diene-15-oic acid (K001), Beta-sitosterol (K002), labda-8(20),13-diene-15-oic acid (K003) and Metasequoic acid A (K004) were isolated from the fractions and their structure determined by spectroscopic analysis. The extract, subfractions and molecules were evaluated for antifilarial activity against B. malayi by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction and motility assays in vitro and in two animal models, Meriones unguiculatus and Mastomys coucha, harbouring B. malayi infection. RESULTS A001 was effective in killing microfilariae (mf) and adult worms in vitro. The diterpenoid K003 produced 100 % reduction in motility of both mf and adult worms and > 80 % inhibition in MTT reduction potential of adult female worms. In B. malayi-M. unguiculatus model, A001 killed all the adult worms in > 80 % of infected animals. K003 was embryostatic (> 95 %) in this model. In the B. malayi-M. coucha model, K003 killed ~54 % of adult worms (macrofilaricidal activity) and rendered > 36 % female worms sterile; it also stopped any further rise in microfilaraemia after day 42 post-initiation of treatment. CONCLUSION Ethanolic extract of aerial parts of the plant T. distichum possesses potent antifilarial activity and the active principle was localised to K003 which showed significant macrofilaricidal activity and late suppression of peripheral microfilaraemia and some embryostatic activity. These findings indicate that labdane diterpenoid molecule(s) may provide valuable leads for design and development of new macrofilaricidal agent(s). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antifilarial efficacy of products from the plant T. distichum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kushwaha
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Kirti Saxena
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Richa Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Shiv K Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, India
- Present Address: USDA, ARS, APDL, BARC-East Bldg 1001, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Deepali Katoch
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India
| | - Brij Lal
- Biodiversity Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India
| | - P Kalpana Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, New Campus, BS 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, India.
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176 061, HP, India.
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Saxena A, Yadav D, Mohanty S, Cheema HS, Gupta MM, Darokar MP, Bawankule DU. Diarylheptanoids Rich Fraction of Alnus nepalensis Attenuates Malaria Pathogenesis: In-vitro and In-vivo Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:940-8. [PMID: 26969854 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids from Alnus nepalensis leaves have been reported for promising activity against filariasis, a mosquito-borne disease, and this has prompted us to investigate its anti-malarial and safety profile using in-vitro and in-vivo bioassays. A. nepalensis leaf extracts were tested in-vitro against chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum NF54 by measuring the parasite specific lactate dehydrogenase activity. Among all, the chloroform extract (ANC) has shown promising anti-plasmodial activity (IC50 8.06 ± 0.26 µg/mL). HPLC analysis of ANC showed the presence of diarylheptanoids. Efficacy and safety of ANC were further validated in in-vivo system using Plasmodium berghei-induced malaria model and acute oral toxicity in mice. Malaria was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of P. berghei infected red blood cells to the female Balb/c mice. ANC was administered orally at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg/day following Peter's 4 day suppression test. Oral administration of ANC showed significant reduction of parasitaemia and increase in mean survival time. It also attributed to inhibition of the parasite induced pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as afford to significant increase in the blood glucose and haemoglobin level when compared with vehicle-treated infected mice. In-vivo safety evaluation study revealed that ANC is non-toxic at higher concentration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Saxena
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Deepti Yadav
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Shilpa Mohanty
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Harveer Singh Cheema
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Madan M Gupta
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Mahendra P Darokar
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Dnyaneshwar U Bawankule
- Molecular Bioprospection Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
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12
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Kalani K, Kushwaha V, Sharma P, Verma R, Srivastava M, Khan F, Murthy PK, Srivastava SK. In vitro, in silico and in vivo studies of ursolic acid as an anti-filarial agent. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111244. [PMID: 25375886 PMCID: PMC4222910 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our drug discovery program for anti-filarial agents from Indian medicinal plants, leaves of Eucalyptus tereticornis were chemically investigated, which resulted in the isolation and characterization of an anti-filarial agent, ursolic acid (UA) as a major constituent. Antifilarial activity of UA against the human lymphatic filarial parasite Brugia malayi using in vitro and in vivo assays, and in silico docking search on glutathione-s-transferase (GST) parasitic enzyme were carried out. The UA was lethal to microfilariae (mf; LC100: 50; IC50: 8.84 µM) and female adult worms (LC100: 100; IC50: 35.36 µM) as observed by motility assay; it exerted 86% inhibition in MTT reduction potential of the adult parasites. The selectivity index (SI) of UA for the parasites was found safe. This was supported by the molecular docking studies, which showed adequate docking (LibDock) scores for UA (-8.6) with respect to the standard antifilarial drugs, ivermectin (IVM -8.4) and diethylcarbamazine (DEC-C -4.6) on glutathione-s-transferase enzyme. Further, in silico pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness studies showed that UA possesses drug-like properties. Furthermore, UA was evaluated in vivo in B. malayi-M. coucha model (natural infection), which showed 54% macrofilaricidal activity, 56% female worm sterility and almost unchanged microfilaraemia maintained throughout observation period with no adverse effect on the host. Thus, in conclusion in vitro, in silico and in vivo results indicate that UA is a promising, inexpensive, widely available natural lead, which can be designed and developed into a macrofilaricidal drug. To the best of our knowledge this is the first ever report on the anti-filarial potential of UA from E. tereticornis, which is in full agreement with the Thomson Reuter's 'Metadrug' tool screening predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015 (U.P.) India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - Vikas Kushwaha
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015 (U.P.) India
| | - Richa Verma
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
| | - Mukesh Srivastava
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Biometry section, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015 (U.P.) India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, 110 001, India
| | - P. K. Murthy
- Division of Parasitology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226001, UP, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015 (U.P.) India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Anusandhan Bhawan, New Delhi, 110 001, India
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Diarylheptanoids, flavonoids and other constituents from two neotropical Renealmia species (Zingiberaceae). BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Synthesis and antifilarial activity of chalcone-thiazole derivatives against a human lymphatic filarial parasite, Brugia malayi. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:473-80. [PMID: 24863844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Here we report the synthesis of novel chalcone-thiazole compounds and their antifilarial activity. The antifilarial properties of these hybrids were assessed against microfilariae as well as adult worms of Brugia malayi. Among all the synthesized compounds, only two compounds, namely 4g and 4n were identified to be promising in vitro. These active compounds were tested in B. malayi-jird (Meriones unguiculatus) and B. malayi-Mastomys coucha models. Compound 4n showed 100% embryostatic effect and 49% macrofilaricidal in jirds and M. coucha models, respectively. This study provides a new structural clue for the development of novel antifilarial lead molecules.
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15
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Ying H, Liu J, Du Q. Analysis and determination of oestrogen-active compounds in fructus amomi by the combination of high-speed counter-current chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 958:36-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Yadav D, Kushwaha V, Saxena K, Verma R, Murthy PK, Gupta MM. Diarylheptanoid compounds from Alnus nepalensis express in vitro and in vivo antifilarial activity. Acta Trop 2013; 128:509-17. [PMID: 23911333 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A large number of medicinal plants remain to be explored for antifilarial compounds. In the present study a crude methanolic extract of leaves of Alnus nepalensis, chloroform- and n-butanol-partitioned fractions from the crude extract and 6 bioactivity-guided isolated compounds including two new diarylheptanoid from the fractions were assayed for microfilaricidal, macrofilaricidal and female worm sterilizing activity using the lymphatic filariid Brugia malayi in in vitro and in vivo systems. In vitro, the crude methanolic extract exerted better microfilaricidal (LC100: 15.63μg/ml, IC50: 6.00μg/ml) than macrofilaricidal (LC100: >250; IC50: 88μg/ml) activity whereas chloroform and n-butanol fractions were more macrofilaricidal (LC100: 125 and 31.25μg/ml; IC50: 13.14 and 11.84, respectively) than microfilaricidal (LC100: 250-500μg/ml, IC50: 44.16μg/ml). In addition, n-butanol fraction also caused 74% inhibition in MTT reduction potential of the adult worms. In vivo (doses: crude: 100-200mg/kg; fractions: 100mg/kg, i.p.×5 days) the chloroform fraction exerted >50% macrofilaricidal activity whereas methanolic extract and n-butanol fraction produced 38-40% macrofilaricidal action along with some female sterilizing efficacy. Of the 5 diarylheptanoid compounds isolated, alnus dimer, and (5S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-heptanone were found to show the most potent with both macrofilaricidal (LC100: 15.63μg/ml, IC50: 6.57-10.31μg/ml) and microfilaricidal (LC100: 31.25-62.5μg/ml, IC50: 11.05-22.10μg/ml) activity in vitro. These findings indicate that the active diarylheptanoid compounds may provide valuable lead for design and development of new antifilarial agent(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Yadav
- Analytical Chemistry Department, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
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17
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Tiwari N, Thakur J, Saikia D, Gupta MM. Antitubercular diterpenoids from Vitex trifolia. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:605-610. [PMID: 23462211 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A new halimane diterpenoid, 13-hydroxy-5(10),14-halimadien-6-one (1) and two new labdane diterpenoids, 6α,7α-diacetoxy-13-hydroxy-8(9),14-labdadien (2) and 9-hydroxy-13(14)-labden-15,16-olide (3), were isolated for the first time, along with fifteen known compounds, from the hexane soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Vitex trifolia leaves. The structures of these new diterpenoids were elucidated by spectral analysis. Their relative configurations were established using analysis of NOESY correlations and coupling constants observed in (1)H NMR. Compounds 2, 3 and another known diterpenoid, isoambreinolide (4) were evaluated for antitubercular activity. 3 and 4 exhibited antitubercular activity (MIC=100 and 25 μg/ml) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv in BACTEC-460 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Tiwari
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Lucknow, India
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