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Rawat A, Kholiya S, Chauhan A, Srivastava D, Pal A, Verma RS, Chanotiya CS, Padalia RC. Effect of post-harvest drying period on the chemical composition of Zingiber zerumbet Sm. Rhizomes essential oil and its biological activities. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:957-967. [PMID: 38974360 PMCID: PMC11222349 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Zingiber zerumbet Sm. (Family: Zingiberaceae) is an important perennial medicinal oil-bearing herb that is native to the Southeast Asia. This study examines the impact of different durations of post-harvest shade drying (ranging from 1 to 12 months) on essential oil yield and chemical composition of Z. zerumbet, in comparison to the freshly collected oil sample. This study explores how post-harvest shade drying impact the composition and longevity of Z. zerumbet rhizomes as well as its antimicrobial, antibiofilm activity. The oils were analyzed for their chemical composition analysis using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The post-harvest periods of drying (1-12 months) were discovered to enhance the concentration of marker constituents in the oil. The primary constituent, Zerumbone, was detected in concentrations ranging from 69.38 ± 5.63% to a maximum of 80.19 ± 1.53% as the drying duration of the rhizome was extended. The output of the essential oil was not significantly affected by drying times; however, it did have a noticeable impact on the proportions of monoterpenes. Both disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay were used in freshly collected Z. zerumbet oil for its antimicrobial potential against S. aureus, L. monocytogens, S. hominis, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, P. aeruginosa, S. intermedius, E. coli, and C. albicans. For the first time, the oil reported to exhibit antibiofilm activity against S. aureus which was validated using fluorescence microscopy, and effectively disrupts the biofilm by 47.38% revealing that essential oil was able to disintegrate the clusters of the pathogen. Z. zerumbet rhizome oil is effective to reduce food-borne microorganisms. Therefore, its essential oil, a natural source of bioactive zerumbone, may improve flavor, aroma, and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Rawat
- Research Centre, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-Dairy Farm Nagla, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263149 India
| | - S. Kholiya
- Research Centre, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-Dairy Farm Nagla, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263149 India
| | - A. Chauhan
- Research Centre, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-Dairy Farm Nagla, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263149 India
| | - D. Srivastava
- Bioprospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
| | - A. Pal
- Bioprospection and Product Development, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
| | - R. S. Verma
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
| | - C. S. Chanotiya
- Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Kukrail Picnic Spot Road, P.O.-CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015 India
| | - R. C. Padalia
- Research Centre, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), P.O.-Dairy Farm Nagla, Udham Singh Nagar, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand 263149 India
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Chanotiya CS, Pant Y, Lal RK, Kumar P, Kumar P, Bawitlung L, Semwal M, Trivedi PK, Pal A. Radiocarbon ( 14C) accelerator mass spectrometry as a convenient tool for differentiation of flavor chemicals of synthetic origin from biobased sources and their in-vivo toxicity assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168357. [PMID: 37951255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants are known to be the natural factory for the production of flavor chemicals. Essential oils comprised of aldehyde as a functional group are potent in deciphering flavor effects in beverages and fresh and prepared food products. In the majority, these are manufactured through synthetic routes, resulting in high product carbon footprints or CO2 equivalents in total greenhouse gas emission. FDA has banned some of the synthetic flavor chemicals due to the health hazards associated with them. However, consumer's preference for natural is at stake due to the absence of quantitative traceability tools. The accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) analysis revealed a distinction between natural and fossil-derived citral and its blends in Cymbopogon essential oils. The plant-derived citral contained a percent modern carbon (pMC) value in the range of 99-100 %. In contrast, the fossil fuel-derived citral showed zero pMC. Similarly, blends of Cymbopogon oils with 30-50 % (w/w) of fossil origin citral contained pMC equivalent to the proportions of modern carbon. These results showed the usefulness of AMS in quantifying the amount of 14C associated with flavor ingredients. Besides, acute oral toxicity data revealed Cymbopogon oils as the safe flavoring substance at the highest 2000 mg/kg body weight dose in Swiss albino mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Chanotiya
- Laboratory of Aromatic Plants and Chiral Separation, Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
| | - Yatish Pant
- Laboratory of Aromatic Plants and Chiral Separation, Phytochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - R K Lal
- Plant Breeding and Genetic resources Conservation, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Inter-University Accelerator Centre, New Delhi, India.
| | - Parmanand Kumar
- Bio-Prospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
| | - Laldingngheti Bawitlung
- Bio-Prospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
| | - Manoj Semwal
- Technology Dissemination and Computational Biology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - P K Trivedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India; Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India.
| | - Anirban Pal
- Bio-Prospection and Product Development Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226015, India
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Santos M, Santos R, Soeiro P, Silvestre S, Ferreira S. Resveratrol as an Inhibitor of the NorA Efflux Pump and Resistance Modulator in Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1168. [PMID: 37508264 PMCID: PMC10376492 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus can exhibit resistance to various antibiotics. Among its resistance mechanisms, the active efflux of antibiotics can be seen as relevant. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of resveratrol to modulate norfloxacin resistance in S. aureus. The antimicrobial activity of resveratrol was assessed using the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, the modulatory effect of resveratrol was evaluated using the MIC determination for the antibiotic or ethidium bromide in the presence and absence of resveratrol at a sub-MIC level. The MIC of norfloxacin against S. aureus SA1199B (NorA-overexpressing strain) decreased 16-fold when in the presence of resveratrol, with a similar behavior being observed for ethidium bromide. An evaluation of the ethidium bromide accumulation was also performed, showing that in the presence of resveratrol, the SA1199B strain had augmented fluorescence due to the accumulation of ethidium bromide. Altogether, the results suggested that resveratrol may act by inhibiting NorA. These in vitro data were supported by docking results, with interactions between resveratrol and the NorA efflux pump predicted to be favorable. Our findings demonstrated that resveratrol may modulate norfloxacin resistance through the inhibition of NorA, increasing the effectiveness of this antibiotic against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Santos
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soeiro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Samuel Silvestre
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Susana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Liao Z, Lin K, Liao W, Xie Y, Yu G, Shao Y, Dai M, Sun F. Transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential antibacterial mechanism of citral against Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171339. [PMID: 37250032 PMCID: PMC10213633 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The emergence of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has posed a challenging clinical problem for treating its infection. The development of novel or new antibacterial agents becomes one of the useful methods to solve this problem, and has received more attention over the past decade. Citral is reported to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus, but its mechanism is yet entirely clear. Methods To reveal the antibacterial mechanism of citral against S. aureus, comparative transcriptomic analysis was carried out to analyze the gene expression differences between the citral-treated and untreated groups. The changes of protein, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in S. aureus caused by citral were also examined. Results Six hundred and fifty-nine differentially expressed genes were obtained according to the comparative transcriptomic analysis, including 287 up-regulated genes and 372 down-regulated genes. The oxidoreductase activity and fatty acid degradation pathway were enriched in up-regulated genes, and ribosome and S. aureus infection pathway were enriched in down-regulated genes. Meanwhile, physiological trials revealed a decline in ATP and protein levels, but an increase in ROS content within the citral-treated group. Thus, it can be inferred that the antibacterial effects of citral against S. aureus were likely due to its ability to decrease ATP content by down-regulating ATP synthase genes (atpD and atpG), reduce protein content, induce cell membrane and cell wall damages, accumulate ROS, and down-regulate virulence factor genes to reduce pathogenicity. Conclusion These findings revealed the antibacterial mechanism of citral was likely a type of multi-target mode that affected multiple molecular processes in S. aureus, which lays the groundwork for further exploitation of citral as a therapeutic candidate against S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keshan Lin
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weijiang Liao
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guoqing Yu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Shao
- The Second People’s Hospital of Pinghu, Pinghu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Dai
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fenghui Sun
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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de Souza Araújo IJ, Patel T, Bukhari A, Sanz CK, Fenno JC, Ribeiro JS, Bottino MC. Natural monoterpenes-laden electrospun fibrous scaffolds for endodontic infection eradication. Odontology 2023; 111:78-84. [PMID: 35731305 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-022-00722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This investigation aimed to synthesize poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA)-based fibrous scaffolds containing natural essential oils (i.e., linalool and citral) and determine their antimicrobial properties and cytocompatibility as a clinically viable cell-friendly disinfection strategy for regenerative endodontics. PLA-based fibrous scaffolds were fabricated via electrospinning with different concentrations of linalool and citral. The micromorphology and average diameter of the fibers was investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition of the scaffolds was inferred by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antimicrobial efficacy against Enterococcus faecalis and Actinomyces naeslundii was also evaluated by agar diffusion and colony-forming units (CFU) assays. The scaffolds' cytocompatibility was determined using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Statistical analyses were performed and the significance level was set at α = 5%. Linalool and citral's incorporation in the PLA fibrous scaffolds was confirmed in the FTIR spectra. SEM images indicate no morphological changes upon inclusion of the essential oils, except the reduced diameter of 40% linalool-laden fibers (p < 0.05). Importantly, significant antimicrobial properties were reported for citral-containing scaffolds for CFU/mL counts (p < 0.05), while only 20% and 40% linalool-laden scaffolds reduced CFU/mL (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the inhibition halos were verified in a concentration-dependent manner for all monoterpenes-laden scaffolds. Citral- and linalool-laden PLA-based fibrous scaffolds showed acceptable cytocompatibility. The incorporation of natural monoterpenes did not alter the scaffolds' fibrous morphology, promoted antimicrobial action against endodontic pathogens, and preserved DPSCs viability. Linalool- and citral-laden electrospun scaffolds hold promise as naturally derived antimicrobial therapeutics for applications in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J de Souza Araújo
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tamannaben Patel
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Amal Bukhari
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carolina K Sanz
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Program-COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - J Christopher Fenno
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliana S Ribeiro
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marco C Bottino
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Effects of cuminaldehyde combined with mild heat against Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium in powdered infant formula. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Dias KJSDO, Miranda GM, Bessa JR, Araújo ACJD, Freitas PR, Almeida RSD, Paulo CLR, Neto JBDA, Coutinho HDM, Ribeiro-Filho J. Terpenes as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:953982. [PMID: 36313340 PMCID: PMC9606600 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.953982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing antibiotic resistance is a significant challenge in modern pharmacotherapy. While molecular analyses have identified efflux pump expression as an essential mechanism underlying multidrug resistance, the targeted drug development has occurred slower. Thus, considering the verification that terpenes can enhance the activity of antibiotics against resistant bacteria, the present study gathered evidence pointing to these natural compounds as bacterial efflux pump inhibitors. A systematic search for manuscripts published between January 2007 and January 2022 was carried out using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the following search terms: “Terpene”; AND “Efflux pump”; and “Bacteria.” From a total of 101 articles found in the initial search, 41 were included in this review. Seventy-five different terpenes, 63 bacterial strains, and 22 different efflux pumps were reported, with carvacrol, Staphylococcus aureus SA-1199B, and NorA appearing most frequently mentioned terpene, bacterial strain, and efflux pump (EP), respectively. The Chi-Squared analysis indicated that terpenes are significantly effective EP inhibitors in Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains, with the inhibitory frequency significantly higher in Gram-positive strains. The results of the present review suggest that terpenes are significant efflux pump inhibitors and, as such, can be used in drug development targeting the combat of antibacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Marinho Miranda
- Laboratory of Genetics and Translational Hematology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jonatas Reis Bessa
- Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Justino De Araújo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Ramos Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ray Silva De Almeida
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Cícera Laura Roque Paulo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - José Bezerra De Araújo Neto
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique D. M. Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jaime Ribeiro-Filho
- Laboratory of Genetics and Translational Hematology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Fiocruz Ceará, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Eusébio, Ceará, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jaime Ribeiro-Filho,
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Li J, Zhao N, Xu R, Li G, Dong H, Wang B, Li Z, Fan M, Wei X. Deciphering the antibacterial activity and mechanism of p-coumaric acid against Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and its application in apple juice. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 378:109822. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miranda-Cadena K, Marcos-Arias C, Perez-Rodriguez A, Cabello-Beitia I, Mateo E, Sevillano E, Madariaga L, Quindós G, Eraso E. In vitro and in vivo anti- Candida activity of citral in combination with fluconazole. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2045813. [PMID: 35251524 PMCID: PMC8896188 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2045813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of Candida to develop biofilms on inert surfaces or living tissues favors recalcitrant and chronic candidiasis associated, in many instances, with resistance to current antifungal therapy. Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of citral, a phytocompound present in lemongrass essential oil, in monotherapy and combined with fluconazole against azole-resistant Candida planktonic cells and biofilms. The effect of citral combined with fluconazole was also analysed with regard to the expression of fluconazole resistance-associated genes in Candida albicans and the effectiveness of the combination therapy in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of candidiasis. Results Citral reduced biofilm formation at initial stages and the metabolic activity of the mature biofilm. The combination of citral with fluconazole was synergistic, with a significant increase in the survival of C. elegans infected with Candida. RNA analysis revealed a reduction of the expression of the efflux pump encoded by MDR1, leading to a greater effect of fluconazole. Conclusion Citral in monotherapy and in combination with fluconazole could represent an interesting therapy to treat recalcitrant Candida infections associated to biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Miranda-Cadena
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Cristina Marcos-Arias
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitzol Perez-Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Iván Cabello-Beitia
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Mateo
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena Sevillano
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Lucila Madariaga
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Guillermo Quindós
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Elena Eraso
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
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Casula E, Manconi M, Lopez-Mendez TB, Pedraz JL, Calvo E, Lozano A, Zaru M, Castangia I, Orrù G, Fais S, Manca ML. Complementary effect of Zingiber officinalis extract and citral in counteracting non allergic nasal congestion by simultaneous loading in ad hoc formulated phospholipid vesicles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 209:112170. [PMID: 34740093 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Natural nasal spray formulations were prepared by using Zingiber officinalis (Z. officinalis) extract and citral synergically loaded into specifically designed phospholipid vesicles. Phospholipid vesicles were selected according to their stabilizing effect on the nasal mucosal barrier, and their effectiveness was further potentiated by the co-loading of Z. officinalis extract as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, and citral as antibacterial molecule. Cryo-TEM images confirmed the formation of morphologically homogeneous and small vesicles, sized around 100 nm, negatively charged (-44 mV) and highly biocompatible (viability ≥100%) as detected by using epithelial cells. The analysis of size distribution of sprayed droplets, average velocity module and spray cone angle suggested a good aptitude of the vesicles to be nebulized and their effective deposition in the nasal cavity. Moreover, vesicles were effectively capable of inhibiting some nasal pathogenic bacteria (i.e. Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli) and to protect the epithelial cells against oxidative damage. The formulations are natural and safe, and all of them have shown promising technological and biological properties suggesting their possible application in the nasal cavity for the treatment of congestions and non-allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Casula
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Manconi
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Tania Belen Lopez-Mendez
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Esteban Calvo
- LIFTEC, CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna, 10, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Lozano
- LIFTEC, CSIC - Universidad de Zaragoza, María de Luna, 10, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Marco Zaru
- Icnoderm Srl, Sardegna Ricerche Ed. 5, Pula, 09010 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ines Castangia
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Fais
- Molecular Biology Service Lab, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 54, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Dept. of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Lungu R, Anisiei A, Rosca I, Sandu AI, Ailincai D, Marin L. Double functionalization of chitosan based nanofibers towards biomaterials for wound healing. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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12
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Bamunuarachchi NI, Khan F, Kim YM. Combination Therapy for Bacterial Pathogens: Naturally Derived Antimicrobial Drugs Augmented with Ulva lactuca Extract. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2021; 22:e230821195790. [PMID: 34425745 DOI: 10.2174/1871526521666210823164842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the growing incidence of microbial pathogenesis, several alternative strategies have been developed. The number of treatments using naturally (e.g., plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, and animals) derived compounds has increased. Importantly, marine-derived products have become a promising and effective approach to combat the antibiotic resistance properties developed by bacterial pathogens. Furthermore, augmenting the sub-inhibitory concentration of the naturally-derived antimicrobial compounds (e.g., hydroxycinnamic acids, terpenes, marine-derived polysaccharides, phenolic compounds) into the naturally derived extracts as a combination therapy to treat the bacterial infection has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to prepare green algae Ulva lactuca extract and evaluate its antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. Also, revitalize the antibacterial efficiency of the naturally-derived antimicrobial drugs and conventional antibiotics by augmenting their sub-MIC to the U. lactuca extracts. METHODS Extraction was done using a different organic solvent, and its antibacterial activity was tested towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of U. lactuca extracts has been determined towards pathogenic bacteria using the micro broth dilution method. The viable cell counting method was used to determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) assay was utilized to examine the combinatorial impact of sub-MIC of two antibacterial drugs using the micro broth dilution method. The chemical components of the extract were analyzed by GC-MS analysis. RESULTS Among all the extracts, n-hexane extract was found to show effective antibacterial activity towards tested pathogens with the lowest MIC and MBC value. Furthermore, the n-hexane extracts have also been used to enhance the efficacy of the naturally-derived (derived from plants and marine organisms) compounds and conventional antibiotics at their sub-inhibitory concentrations. Most of the tested antibiotics and natural drugs at their sub-MIC were found to exhibit synergistic and additive antibacterial activity towards the tested bacterial pathogens. CONCLUSIONS The augmenting of U. lactuca n-hexane extracts resulted in synergistic and additive bactericidal effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. The present study shows a new alternative strategy to revitalize the antimicrobial activity of naturally derived compounds for treating human bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Research Center Marine Integrated Bionics technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513. South Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513. South Korea
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13
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Jhanji R, Singh A, Kumar A. Antibacterial potential of selected phytomolecules: An experimental study. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:325-332. [PMID: 33930208 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a snowballing international threat. Some of the antibiotics have lost their effectiveness due to overuse and underuse. Thus, there is an urgent need to tackle this global challenge, either by inhibiting the resistance mechanisms or by the development of new chemical entities. Thus, in the current study, the antibacterial activity of selected phytomolecules was investigated against bacterial strains, alone and in combination, with standard drugs. The antibacterial potential of these phytomolecules was explored using in vitro assays (microtiter assay, bacterial growth kinetics, percentage retardation of growth, and antimicrobial synergy study) and in vivo studies (zebrafish infection model). In vitro and in vivo studies have shown promising antibacterial effects against, both, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, a cell viability assay also indicated the cytoprotective effect of these phytomolecules in combination with standard antibiotics (SABX). Thus, these phytomolecules could be a promising broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in combination with standard antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Jhanji
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Arti Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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14
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Tetard A, Foley S, Mislin GLA, Brunel JM, Oliva E, Torrealba Anzola F, Zedet A, Cardey B, Pellequer Y, Ramseyer C, Plésiat P, Llanes C. Negative Impact of Citral on Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:709838. [PMID: 34290691 PMCID: PMC8287888 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) or their components are widely used by inhalation or nebulization to fight mild respiratory bacterial infections. However, their interaction with antibiotics is poorly known. In this study we evaluated the effects of citral, the main component of lemongrass oil, on in vitro susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibiotics. Exposure of strain PA14 to subinhibitory concentrations of citral increased expression of operons encoding the multidrug efflux systems MexEF-OprN and MexXY/OprM, and bacterial resistance to anti-pseudomonal antibiotics including imipenem (twofold), gentamicin (eightfold), tobramycin (eightfold), ciprofloxacin (twofold), and colistin (≥128-fold). Use of pump deletion mutants showed that in addition to efflux other mechanisms were involved in this citral-induced phenotype. Determination of Zeta potential suggested that citral impairs the cell surface binding of aminoglycosides and colistin used at low concentrations (≤10 μg/mL). Moreover, experiments based on Raman spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry demonstrated formation of a Schiff base between the aldehyde group of citral and amino-groups of tobramycin and colistin. Chemical synthesis of tobracitryl, the imine compound resulting from condensation of citral and tobramycin, confirmed the loss of antibiotic activity due to adduct formation. Altogether these data point to the potential risk concern of self-medication with EOs containing citral in patients suffering from P. aeruginosa chronic lung infections and being treated with aerosols of aminoglycoside or colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Tetard
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Sarah Foley
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gaëtan L A Mislin
- CNRS/Université de Strasbourg UMR 7242 Biotechnologie et Signalisation Cellulaire, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Michel Brunel
- UMR_MD1, U-1261, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, SSA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Estefania Oliva
- Plateforme d'Analyse Chimique de Strasbourg-Illkirch (PACSI), Faculté de Pharmacie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Andy Zedet
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Bruno Cardey
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Christophe Ramseyer
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Plésiat
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Catherine Llanes
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Kongkham B, Prabakaran D, Puttaswamy H. Opportunities and challenges in managing antibiotic resistance in bacteria using plant secondary metabolites. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104762. [PMID: 33069839 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in bacteria and its multidimensional spread is an emerging global threat that needs immediate attention. Extensive antibiotics (AB) usage results in development of ABR in bacteria by target modification, production of AB degrading enzymes, porin modifications, efflux pumps overexpression, etc. To counter this, apart from strict regulation of AB use and behavioural changes, research and development (R&D) of newer antimicrobials are in place. One such emerging approach to combat ABR is the use of structurally and functionally diverse plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) in combination with the conventional AB. Either the PSMs are themselves antimicrobial or they potentiate the activity of the AB through a range of mechanisms. However, their use is lagging due to poor knowledge of mode of action, structure-activity relationships, pharmacokinetics, etc. This review paper discussed the opportunities and challenges in managing ABR using PSMs. Mechanisms of ABR development in bacteria and current strategies to counter them were studied and the areas where PSMs can play an important role were highlighted. The use of PSMs, both as an anti-resistance and anti-virulence agent in combination therapy to counter multi-drug resistance along with their mechanisms of action, has been discussed in detail. The difficulties in the commercialisation of PSMs and strategies to overcome them along with future priority areas of research have also been given. Following the given R&D path will definitely help in better understanding and utilising the full potential of PSMs in solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhani Kongkham
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Duraivadivel Prabakaran
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Hariprasad Puttaswamy
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India.
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Terpenoids, Cannabimimetic Ligands, beyond the Cannabis Plant. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071567. [PMID: 32235333 PMCID: PMC7181184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medicinal use of Cannabis sativa L. has an extensive history and it was essential in the discovery of phytocannabinoids, including the Cannabis major psychoactive compound—Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC)—as well as the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (CBR), named cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2R), both part of the now known endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabinoids is a vast term that defines several compounds that have been characterized in three categories: (i) endogenous, (ii) synthetic, and (iii) phytocannabinoids, and are able to modulate the CBR and ECS. Particularly, phytocannabinoids are natural terpenoids or phenolic compounds derived from Cannabis sativa. However, these terpenoids and phenolic compounds can also be derived from other plants (non-cannabinoids) and still induce cannabinoid-like properties. Cannabimimetic ligands, beyond the Cannabis plant, can act as CBR agonists or antagonists, or ECS enzyme inhibitors, besides being able of playing a role in immune-mediated inflammatory and infectious diseases, neuroinflammatory, neurological, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer, and autoimmunity by itself. In this review, we summarize and critically highlight past, present, and future progress on the understanding of the role of cannabinoid-like molecules, mainly terpenes, as prospective therapeutics for different pathological conditions.
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Cronobacter sakazakii CICC 21544 responds to the combination of carvacrol and citral by regulating proton motive force. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Adil M, Baig MH, Rupasinghe HV. Impact of Citral and Phloretin, Alone and in Combination, on Major Virulence Traits of Streptococcus pyogenes. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234237. [PMID: 31766432 PMCID: PMC6930587 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is well documented as a multi-virulent and exclusively human pathogen. The LuxS-based signaling in these bacteria has a crucial role in causing several infections through pathways that are pathogenic. This study evaluated the individual and synergistic effects of citral and phloretin against S. pyogenes in relation to major virulence traits. The in vitro synergy of citral and phloretin was evaluated by the checkerboard method. The fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) values were calculated to determine the interactions between the inhibitors. The bacteria’s virulence properties were tested in the presence of the molecules, individually as well as in combination. Molecules’ cytotoxicity was tested using human tonsil epithelial cells. The synergistic effects of the molecules on the expression of biofilm and quorum sensing genes were tested using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The molecules were also tested for their impact on LuxS protein by molecular docking, modeling, and free-energy calculations. When the two molecules were assessed in combination (synergistic effect, FIC Index of 0.5), a stronger growth inhibitory activity was exhibited than the individual molecules. The cell surface hydrophobicity, as well as genes involved in quorum sensing and biofilm formation, showed greater suppression when the molecules were tested in combination. The in silico findings also suggest the inhibitory potential of the two molecules against LuxS protein. The binding orientation and the binding affinity of citral and phloretin well support the notion that there is a synergistic effect of citral and phloretin. The data reveal the combination of citral and phloretin as a potent antibacterial agent to combat the virulence of S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adil
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Mohd Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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