1
|
Xia KR, Zhang XY, Zhang HQ, Su KL, Shang EX, Xiao QL, Li WW, Guo S, Duan JA, Liu P. Network pharmacology analysis and experimental verification of the antithrombotic active compounds of trichosanthis pericarpium (Gualoupi) in treating coronary heart disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118158. [PMID: 38614263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trichosanthis pericarpium (TP; Gualoupi, pericarps of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to reduce heat, resolve phlegm, promote Qi, and clear chest congestion. It is also an essential herbal ingredient in the "Gualou Xiebai" formula first recorded by Zhang Zhongjing (from the Eastern Han Dynasty) in the famous TCM classic "Jin-Guì-Yào-Lüe" for treating chest impediments. According to its traditional description, Gualou Xiebai is indicated for symptoms of chest impediments, which correspond to coronary heart diseases (CHD). AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to identify the antithrombotic compounds in Gualoupi for the treatment of CHD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A CHD rat model was established with a combination of high-fat diet and isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) administration via subcutaneous multi-point injection in the back of the neck. This model was used to evaluate the antithrombotic effect of two mainstream cultivars of TP ("HaiShi GuaLou" and "WanLou") by analyzing the main components and their effects. Network pharmacology, molecular docking-based studies, and a zebrafish (Danio rerio) thrombosis model induced by phenylhydrazine was used to validate the antithrombosis components of TP. RESULTS TP significantly reduced the body weight of the CHD rats, improved myocardial ischemia, and reduced collagen deposition and fibrosis around the infarcted tissue. It reduced thrombosis in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced inflammation and oxidative stress damage. Cynaroside, isoquercitrin, rutin, citrulline, and arginine were identified as candidate active TP compounds with antithrombotic effects. The key potential targets of TP in thrombosis treatment were initially identified by molecular docking-based analysis, which showed that the candidate active compounds have a strong binding affinity to the potential targets (protein kinase C alpha type [PKCα], protein kinase C beta type [PKCβ], von Willebrand factor [vWF], and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 [PTGS1], fibrinogen alpha [Fga], fibrinogen beta [Fgb], fibrinogen gamma [Fgg], coagulation factor II [F2], and coagulation factor VII [F7]). In addition, the candidate active compounds reduced thrombosis, improved oxidative stress damage, and down-regulated the expression of thrombosis-related genes (PKCα, PKCβ, vWF, PTGS1, Fga, Fgb, Fgg, F2, and F7) in the zebrafish model. CONCLUSION Cynaroside, isoquercitrin, rutin, citrulline, and arginine were identified as the active antithrombotic compounds of TP used to treat CHD. Mechanistically, the active compounds were found to be involved in oxidative stress injury, platelet activation pathway, and complement and coagulation cascade pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Rou Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Huang-Qin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
| | - Ke-Lei Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Er-Xin Shang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing-Ling Xiao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Wei-Wen Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin S, Ma H, Zhang S, Fan W, Shen C, Chen J, Jin M, Li K, He Q. The combination of paeonol, diosmetin-7- O- β- D-glucopyranoside, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from Trichosanthis pericarpium alleviates arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in a zebrafish model. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1332468. [PMID: 38487165 PMCID: PMC10937350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1332468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Trichosanthis fruit (TF) is a classic medicinal material obtained from Shandong, China. The peel of this fruit (Trichosanthis pericarpium, TP) is known to exert anti-thrombotic effects. However, the anti-thrombotic active components and mechanisms of TP have yet to be fully elucidated. Combined with zebrafish models and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), this study evaluated the endogenous anti-thrombotic effects with the combination of three compounds from TP. First, we used HPLC to investigate the components in the water extract of TP. Next, we used the zebrafish model to investigate the anti-thrombotic activity of the three compound combinations by evaluating a range of indicators. Finally, the expression of related genes was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HPLC detected a total of eight components in TP water extract, with high levels of paeonol (Pae), diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (diosmetin-7-O-glucoside), and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The most significant anti-thrombotic activity was detected when the Pae: diosmetin-7-O-glucoside:5-HMF ratio was 4:3:3. qPCR analysis revealed that the abnormal expression levels of f2, fga, fgb, vwf, ptgs1, and tbxas1 induced by arachidonic acid (AA) were improved. The combination of Pae, diosmetin-7-O-glucoside, and 5-HMF may alleviate AA-induced thrombosis by inhibiting the inflammatory reaction, coagulation cascade reaction, and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Honglin Ma
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Chuanlin Shen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Meng Jin
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Science and Technology Service Platform, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Qin L, Lu X, Lu L, Mao W. A pyruvylated and sulfated galactan from the green alga Dictyosphaeria cavernosa: Structure, anticoagulant property and inhibitory effect on zebrafish thrombosis. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121492. [PMID: 37985046 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A pyruvylated and sulfated galactan from the green alga Dictyosphaeria cavernosa, designated PSG, was obtained by dilute alkali extraction, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The backbone of PSG was composed of 3-linked β-d-Galp units with partial sulfation on C-4 and C-6. Pyruvate ketals were linked to O-3 and O-4 of nonreducing terminal β-d-Galp, as well as O-4 and O-6 of 3-linked β-d-Galp. The branches consisting of 6-linked β-d-Galp(4SO4) and β-d-Galp(3,4-Pyr)-(1→ units were located at C-6 of 3-linked β-d-Galp unit. PSG possessed obvious anticoagulant effect in vitro as assessed by the tests of activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. The assay of anticoagulant mechanism showed that PSG promoted thrombin inactivation mediated by heparin cofactor-II and antithrombin-III (ATIII), and could effectively potentiate factor Xa inactivation by ATIII. The antithrombotic activity of PSG in vivo was assessed by phenylhydrazine (PHZ)-induced zebrafish thrombotic model. The results indicated that PSG obviously reduced peripheral erythrocytes aggregation, enhanced cardiac blood flow and improved peripheral platelet circulation, and PSG possessed a marked inhibitory effect on the PHZ-induced zebrafish thrombosis. Thus, PSG is a hopeful anticoagulant and antithrombotic polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Xuxiu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Wenjun Mao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycotechnology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
He J, Zhang Q, Xia X, Yang L. Lagopsis supina ameliorates myocardial ischemia injury by regulating angiogenesis, thrombosis, inflammation, and energy metabolism through VEGF, ROS and HMGB1 signaling pathways in rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155050. [PMID: 37708818 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lagopsis supina (Steph. ex. Willd.) Ikonn.-Gal. is an important traditional Chinese medicine used to treat various ailments. However, its impact on myocardial ischemia (MI) injury remains unknown. PURPOSE This research aimed to reveal the therapeutic effect, potential mechanism, and metabolomics of L. supina against MI injury in rats. METHODS The therapeutic effects of the ethanolic extract of L. supina (LS) and its four fractions (LSA∼D) on a left anterior descending (LAD) artery occlusion-induced MI model rat were explored. The pharmacodynamics including myocardial infraction area, myocardial tissue pathology and apoptosis, and serum biochemical parameters (CK, CK-MB, CTn-T, SOD, ET-1, NO, eNOS, VEGF, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α, TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP) were evaluated. The 24 related protein expressions were detected using western blotting assay. Simultaneously, the qualitative and quantitative analyses of microporous adsorption resin with 30% (LSC) and 60% (LSD) aqueous ethanol fractions were performed using UHPLC-MS and HPLC. Moreover, the serum metabolomics analysis of rats was profiled using UHPLC-MS. RESULTS LS exerted remarkable alleviating effect on MI in rats. Importantly, LSC and LSD, two effective fractions of LS, significantly reduced myocardial infraction area, alleviated myocardial tissue pathology and apoptosis, regulated serum biochemical parameters. Furthermore, LSC and LSD markedly up-regulated the levels of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2, PKC, Bcl-2, Nrf2, HO-1, and thrombin, as well as prominently down-regulated the protein expression of Notch 1, p-PI3K, p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt, p-Akt/Akt, Bax, cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3, vWF, p-Erk, p-Erk/Erk, HMGB1, p-p38, p-p38/p38, p-p65, and p-p65/p65. A total of 26 candidate biomarkers were significantly regulated by LSC and LSD and they are mainly involved in amino acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. Finally, phenylethanols and flavonoids may be major bio-constituents of LSC and LSD against MI. CONCLUSIONS This work, for the first time, demonstrated that L. supina had a significant therapeutic effect on MI in rats. Additionally, LSC and LSD, two bio-fractions from L. supina, exerted their potential to ameliorate MI injury by promoting angiogenesis, inhibiting thrombosis, blocking inflammation, and facilitating energy metabolism through promotion of VEGF pathway, as well as suppression of ROS and HMGB1 pathways in rats. These findings suggest that LSC and LSD hold promise as potential therapeutic agents for MI injury in clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei He
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Qingcui Zhang
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xia
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Li Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wuliangye Baijiu but not ethanol reduces cardiovascular disease risks in a zebrafish thrombosis model. NPJ Sci Food 2022; 6:55. [PMID: 36470888 PMCID: PMC9723178 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-022-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how Baijiu facilitates blood circulation and prevents blood stasis is crucial for revealing the mechanism of Baijiu for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk reduction. Here we established a zebrafish thrombosis model induced using arachidonic acid (AA) to quantitatively evaluate the antithrombotic effect of Wuliangye Baijiu. The prevention and reduction effects of aspirin, Wuliangye, and ethanol on thrombosis were compared using imaging and molecular characterization. Wuliangye Baijiu reduces thrombotic risks and oxidative stress in the AA-treated zebrafish, while ethanol with the same concentration has no similar effect. The prevention and reduction effects of Wuliangye on thrombosis are attributed to the change in the metabolic and signaling pathways related to platelet aggregation and adhesion, oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Wu H, Sheng H, Wang Y, Li X, Wang Y, Zhao L. Discovery of anti-stroke active substances in Guhong injection based on multi-phenotypic screening of zebrafish. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113744. [PMID: 36156365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide, and it remains an urgent task to develop novel and alternative therapeutic strategies for the disease. We previously reported the positive effects of Guhong injection (GHI), composed of safflower extract and aceglutamide, in promoting functional recovery in ischemic stroke mice. However, the active substances and pharmacological mechanism of GHI is still elusive. Aiming to identify the active anti-stroke components in GHI, here we conducted a multi-phenotypic screening in zebrafish models of phenylhydrazine-induced thrombosis and ponatinib-induced cerebral ischemia. Peripheral and cerebral blood flow was quantified endogenously in erythrocytes fluorescence-labeled thrombosis fish, and baicalein and rutin were identified as major anti-thrombotic substances in GHI. Moreover, using a high-throughput video-tracking system, the effects of locomotion promotion of GHI and its main compounds were analyzed in cerebral ischemia model. Chlorogenic acid and gallic acid showed significant effects in preventing locomotor dyfunctions. Finally, GHI treatment greatly decreased the expression levels of coagulation factors F7 and F2, NF-κB and its mediated proinflammatory cytokines in the fish models. Molecular docking suggested strong affinities between baicalein and F7, and between active substances (baicalein, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, and rutin) and NF-κB p65. In summary, our findings established a novel drug discovery method based on multi-phenotypic screening of zebrafish, provided endogenous evidences of GHI in preventing thrombus formation and promoting behavioral recovery after cerebral ischemia, and identified baicalein, rutin, chlorogenic acid, and gallic acid as active compounds in the management of ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yule Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Hongda Sheng
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, 291 Fucheng Road, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Xuecai Li
- Tonghua Guhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5099 Jianguo Road, Meihekou 135099, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China; Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, 3716 Qingdao Road, Huaiyin District, Jinan 250117, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beihua South Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liao L, Zhou M, Wang J, Xue X, Deng Y, Zhao X, Peng C, Li Y. Identification of the Antithrombotic Mechanism of Leonurine in Adrenalin Hydrochloride-Induced Thrombosis in Zebrafish via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Coagulation Cascade. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:742954. [PMID: 34803688 PMCID: PMC8600049 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.742954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a general pathological phenomenon during severe disturbances to homeostasis, which plays an essential role in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Leonurine (LEO), isolated from Leonurus japonicus Houtt, showes a crucial role in anticoagulation and vasodilatation. However, the properties and therapeutic mechanisms of this effect have not yet been systematically elucidated. Therefore, the antithrombotic effect of LEO was investigated in this study. Hematoxylin-Eosin staining was used to detect the thrombosis of zebrafish tail. Fluorescence probe was used to detect the reactive oxygen species. The biochemical indexes related to oxidative stress (lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and glutathione) and vasodilator factor (endothelin-1 and nitric oxide) were analyzed by specific commercial assay kits. Besides, we detected the expression of related genes (fga, fgb, fgg, pkcα, pkcβ, vwf, f2) and proteins (PI3K, phospho-PI3K, Akt, phospho-Akt, ERK, phospho-ERK FIB) related to the anticoagulation and fibrinolytic system by quantitative reverse transcription and western blot. Beyond that, metabolomic analyses were carried out to identify the expressions of metabolites associated with the anti-thrombosis mechanism of LEO. Our in vivo experimental results showed that LEO could improve the oxidative stress injury, abnormal platelet aggregation and coagulation dysfunction induced by adrenalin hydrochloride. Moreover, LEO restored the modulation of amino acids and inositol metabolites which are reported to alleviate the thrombus formation. Collectively, LEO attenuates adrenalin hydrochloride-induced thrombosis partly via modulating oxidative stress, coagulation cascade and platelet activation and amino acid and inositol metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu N, Sun R, Shi YP, Han LW, Shi HY. Discovery and identification of quality markers of Sparganii Rhizoma based on zebrafish thrombosis model. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2021; 13:389-395. [PMID: 36118923 PMCID: PMC9476790 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present study was to determine the quality marker (Q-Markers) of Sparganii Rhizoma against thrombus through an integration of investigations on its antithrombotic effect, content determination and spectrum-effect correlation analysis. Methods Based on the concept of Q-Marker, Sparganii Rhizoma was investigated for the identification of chemical component. The pharmacological effects on arachidonic acid-induced thrombosis in zebrafish were also investigated. The material basis in ethanol extract was determined by HPLC-UV. Furthermore, the potential Q-Markers were analyzed and predicted according to the effect-chemical correlation analysis. Finally, the anti-thrombotic Q-Markers were verified through the anti-thrombotic test of monomer components. Results The model of thrombosis zebrafish was established with larvae exposed to 100 µmol/L arachidonic acid for 1 h. Nine ingredients in Sparganii Rhizoma were identified as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and isoferulic acid. According to the determination effect of zebrafish thrombosis model and HPLC content analysis results, all the other contents present positive correlation except 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and the P values of three representative potential Q-Markers (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were 0.002, 0.001 and 0.026, respectively. Conclusion Sparganii Rhizoma showed a dose-dependent effect on the recovery of reducing cardiac red blood cell on zebrafish model. Three phenolic acids (ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid and p-coumaric acid) were proved to possess the anti-thrombotic effects which could be regarded as the potential Q-Markers for quality assessment of Sparganii Rhizoma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu Y, Chen J, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao L, Wang Y. Identification of anti-inflammatory compounds from Zhongjing formulae by knowledge mining and high-content screening in a zebrafish model of inflammatory bowel diseases. Chin Med 2021; 16:42. [PMID: 34059101 PMCID: PMC8166029 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic relapsing intestinal inflammations with increasing global incidence, and new drug development remains in urgent demand for IBD management. To identify effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae and compounds in IBD treatment, we innovatively combined the techniques of knowledge mining, high-content screening and high-resolution mass spectrometry, to conduct a systematic screening in Zhongjing formulae, which is a large collection of TCM prescriptions with most abundant clinical evidences. METHODS Using Word2vec-based text learning, the correlations between 248 Zhongjing formulae and IBD typical symptoms were analyzed. Next, from the top three formulae with predicted relationship with IBD, TCM fractions were prepared and screened on a transgenic zebrafish IBD model for their therapeutic effects. Subsequently, the chemical compositions of the fraction hits were analyzed by mass spectrometry, and the major compounds were further studied for their anti-IBD effects and potential mechanisms. RESULTS Through knowledge mining, Peach Blossom Decoction, Pulsatilla Decoction, and Gegen Qinlian Decoction were predicted to be the three Zhongjing formulae mostly related to symptoms typical of IBD. Seventy-four fractions were prepared from the three formulae and screened in TNBS-induced zebrafish IBD model by high-content analysis, with the inhibition on the intestinal neutrophil accumulation and ROS level quantified as the screening criteria. Six herbal fractions showed significant effects on both pathological processes, which were subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry to determine their chemical composition. Based on the major compounds identified by mass spectrometry, a second-round screen was conducted and six compounds (palmatine, daidzin, oroxyloside, chlorogenic acid, baicalin, aesculin) showed strong inhibitory effects on the intestinal inflammation phenotypes. The expression of multiple inflammatory factors, including il1β, clcx8a, mmp and tnfα, were increased in TNBS-treated fish, which were variously inhibited by the compounds, with aesculin showing the most potent effects. Moreover, aesculin and daidzin also upregulated e-cadherin's expression. CONCLUSION Taken together, we demonstrated the regulatory effects of several TCM formulae and their active compounds in the treatment of IBD, through a highly efficient research strategy, which can be applied in the discovery of effective TCM formulae and components in other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunru Yu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Liu H, Yang Z, Yu Q, Zhao L, Wang Y. Synergistic Effects of Cryptotanshinone and Senkyunolide I in Guanxinning Tablet Against Endogenous Thrombus Formation in Zebrafish. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:622787. [PMID: 33519488 PMCID: PMC7841298 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.622787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a key pathological event in cardiovascular diseases, and is also the most important targeting process for their clinical management. New drug development in thrombosis treatment is still in great demand. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, thrombosis belongs to the syndrome of blood stasis. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and Ligusticum striatum DC. are two common TCM herbs with long-term documented function in promoting blood circulation and inhibiting thrombosis, especially when used together. Guanxinning Tablet, a modern Chinese drug which contains extracts of the two herbs, also showed strong therapeutic effects in coronary heart disease. However, the pharmacological mechanism is still lacking for the compatibility of the two herbs. Here, through zebrafish-based in vivo fluorescence screening, we demonstrated the synergistic effects between S. miltiorrhiza Bunge and L. striatum DC. in regulating endogenous thrombosis. Moreover, combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, the main compounds of the botanical drugs were analyzed and screened in our model system. Interestingly, cryptotanshinone and senkyunolide I, two representative compounds, respectively derived from the two herbs, also showed synergistic antithrombotic effects. Further analysis suggested that they may regulate thrombi formation at different levels via multiple signaling pathways, including oxidative stress, platelet activation and coagulation cascade. Taken together, our findings provided solid biological supports toward the drug compatibility theory of TCM, and suggested cryptotanshinone and senkyunolide I as promising drug candidates in thrombosis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- The Department of Medicine, Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao Y, Guo R, Li L, Li S, Fan G, Zhao X, Wang Y. Tongmai formula improves cardiac function via regulating mitochondrial quality control in the myocardium with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110897. [PMID: 33113431 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial quality control, regulated by mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, has been regarded as pivotal process to induce segregation of mitochondria during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, few works revealed the regulation of mitochondrial quality control by therapeutic agents. Tongmai formula (TM) is a clinically used botanical drug for treating cardiovascular diseases, which mechanism is unveiled. Thus, in this study, we investigated the pharmacological effects of TM on modulating mitochondrial quality control during cardiac injury. METHODS Rats subjected to myocardial I/R injury and neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) were used to simulate cardiac injury during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion process. Morphological examination, histopathological examination, echocardiography, and immunohistochemistry were used to determine the cardiac injury after I/R injury. Biochemical indices in serum were estimated by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) was used for mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) evaluation. 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) was used for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) evaluation. Mitochondria in NRVMs were labeled by tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) for mitochondrial morphosis imaging and estimation. Western blotting was used for cytochrome c (CYCS), apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) contents evaluation. Immunochemistry fluorescence was used for dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) expression measurement. RESULTS TM treatment markedly decreased myocardium infarct size. It also significantly improved left ventricular contractile function and alleviated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, as well as reduced the production of cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde and elevated glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Intriguingly, we found that mitochondrial membrane potential loss and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening were recovered after TM treatment. It also down-regulated cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor contents after myocardial I/R injury. In vitro study showed that TM treatment reduced intracellular ROS content and recovered ΔΨm in NRVMs after H/R injury. We also observed that TM could reduce the expression level of Drp1, while increased Mfn2 in NRVMs after H/R injury, which indicates that TM may regulate mitochondrial dynamics during H/R injury of NRVMs. CONCLUSIONS TM exhibited cardiac protective effect on ischemic myocardium of rats after reperfusion and improved mitochondrial quality control through mitochondrial dynamics in NRVMs after H/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, 300193, PR China
| | - Sheng Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, 300193, PR China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, PR China; First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, 300193, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|