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Ivanova S, Dzhakova Z, Staynova R, Ivanov K. Salvia verticillata (L.)-Biological Activity, Chemical Profile, and Future Perspectives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:859. [PMID: 39065710 PMCID: PMC11280111 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Species belonging to the genus Salvia, Lamiaceae, have been deeply involved in the folk medicine of different nations since ancient times. Lilac sage, or Salvia verticillata L. (S. verticillata) is a less studied species from the genus. However, it seems to have a prominent potential for the future drug discovery strategies of novel phytopharmaceuticals. This review aims to summarise the data on the biological activity and the phytochemical profile of extracts and essential oils derived from S. verticillata. This review is based on data from 57 in vitro and in vivo studies. The chemical profile of S. verticillata includes different synergic compounds like phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenes, and salvianolic acids. Although some small amounts of salvianolic acid B were found in S. verticillata extracts, the major compound among the salvianolic acids is salvianolic acid C, a compound associated with the potential for improving liver fibrosis, cardio- and hepatoprotection, and the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist β-caryophyllene is one of the major compounds in S. verticillata essential oils. It is a compound with a prominent potential in regenerative medicine, neurology, immunology, and other medical fields. The in vivo and the in vitro studies, regarding S. verticillata highlighted good antioxidant potential, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal activity. S.verticillata was also reported as a potential source of drug candidates for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, because of the inhibitory activity on the acetylcholinesterase. However, the number of studies in this direction is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.D.); (K.I.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoya Dzhakova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.D.); (K.I.)
| | - Radiana Staynova
- Department of Organisation and Economics of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Kalin Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (Z.D.); (K.I.)
- Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Lee YE, Im DS. Euiin-Tang Attenuates Obesity-Induced Asthma by Resolving Metaflammation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:853. [PMID: 39065704 PMCID: PMC11279728 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Euiin-tang reduces obesity and hypertension. Patients with obesity may develop obesity-induced asthma (OIA) owing to phlegm dampness. This study aimed to determine whether euiin-tang alleviates high-fat diet (HFD)-induced OIA in C57BL/6 mice. OIA was developed by HFD feeding for 15 weeks in C57BL/6 mice, and euiin-tang (5 mg/10 g/day) was orally administered for the last five weeks. Oral administration of euiin-tang suppressed HFD-induced changes in body weight, liver weight, airway hypersensitivity (AHR), and immune cell infiltration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histological analysis revealed that euiin-tang treatment suppressed HFD-induced mucosal inflammation, hypersecretion, and fibrosis. The lungs and gonadal white adipose tissue showed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ, MPO, and CCL2) following HFD, whereas euiin-tang inhibited this increase. HFD also increased the number of pro-inflammatory CD86+ M1 macrophages and decreased the number of anti-inflammatory CD206+ M2 macrophages in the lungs, whereas euiin-tang treatment reversed these effects. HFD induced a decrease in adiponectin and an increase in leptin, which was reversed by euiin-tang. Therefore, euiin-tang may be a potential therapeutic agent for OIA because it suppresses metaflammation as demonstrated in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Soon Im
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea;
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Caputo LDS, Alves CDL, Laranjeira IM, Fonseca-Rodrigues D, da Silva Filho AA, Dias ACP, Pinto-Ribeiro F, Pereira Junior ODS, de Paula ACC, Nagato AC, Corrêa JODA. Copaiba oil minimizes inflammation and promotes parenchyma re-epithelization in acute allergic asthma model induced by ovalbumin in BALB/c mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1356598. [PMID: 38666018 PMCID: PMC11043548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1356598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Asthma is a condition of airflow limitation, common throughout the world, with high mortality rates, especially as it still faces some obstacles in its management. As it constitutes a public health challenge, this study aimed to investigate the effect of copaiba oil (e.g., Copaifera langsdorffii), as a treatment resource, at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on certain mediators of acute lung inflammation (IL-33, GATA3, FOXP3, STAT3, and TBET) and early mechanisms of lung remodeling (degradation of elastic fiber tissues, collagen deposition, and goblet cell hyperplasia). Methods: Using an ovalbumin-induced acute allergic asthma model in BALB/c mice, we analyzed the inflammatory mediators through immunohistochemistry and the mechanisms of lung remodeling through histopathology, employing orcein, Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Results: Copaiba oil treatment (CO) reduced IL-33 and increased FOXP3 by stimulating the FOXP3/GATA3 and FOXP3/STAT3 pathways. Additionally, it upregulated TBET, suggesting an additional role in controlling GATA3 activity. In the respiratory epithelium, CO decreased the fragmentation of elastic fibers while increasing the deposition of collagen fibers, favoring epithelial restructuring. Simultaneously, CO reduced goblet cell hyperplasia. Discussion: Although additional research is warranted, the demonstrated anti-inflammatory and re-epithelializing action makes CO a viable option in exploring new treatments for acute allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila de Souza Caputo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Carolina de Lima Alves
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Inês Martins Laranjeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, ICVS, School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B‟s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, CBMA, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Diana Fonseca-Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, ICVS, School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B‟s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Alberto Carlos Pires Dias
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, CBMA, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipa Pinto-Ribeiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, ICVS, School of Medicine, Campus of Gualtar, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B‟s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Akinori Cardozo Nagato
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
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Pathak MP, Patowary P, Chattopadhyay P, Barbhuiyan PA, Islam J, Gogoi J, Wankhar W. Obesity-associated Airway Hyperresponsiveness: Mechanisms Underlying Inflammatory Markers and Possible Pharmacological Interventions. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:1053-1068. [PMID: 37957906 DOI: 10.2174/0118715303256440231028072049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is rapidly becoming a global health problem affecting about 13% of the world's population affecting women and children the most. Recent studies have stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, encounter severe symptoms, respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs, and ultimately their quality-of-life decreases. Although, the association between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and obesity is a growing concern among the public due to lifestyle and environmental etiologies, however, the precise mechanism underlying this association is yet to establish. Apart from aiming at the conventional antiasthmatic targets, treatment should be directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis too. Understanding the pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and AHR is limited, however, a plethora of obesity pathologies have been reported viz., increased pro-inflammatory and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, NLRP3 associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, and down-regulation of UCP1 in BAT following down-regulated AMPKα and melanocortin pathway that may be correlated with AHR. Increased waist circumference (WC) or central obesity was thought to be related to severe AHR, however, some recent reports suggest body mass index (BMI), not WC tends to exaggerate airway closure in AHR due to some unknown mechanisms. This review aims to co-relate the above-mentioned mechanisms that may explain the copious relation underlying obesity and AHR with the help of published reports. A proper understanding of these mechanisms discussed in this review will ensure an appropriate treatment plan for patients through advanced pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur, India
| | | | | | - Johirul Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Assam Kaziranga University, Jorhat, India
| | - Jyotchna Gogoi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
| | - Wankupar Wankhar
- Department of Dialysis, Faculty of Paramedical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, India
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Das A, Pathak MP, Pathak K, Saikia R, Gogoi U. Herbal medicine for the treatment of obesity-associated asthma: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1186060. [PMID: 37251328 PMCID: PMC10213975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1186060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is fast growing as a global pandemic and is associated with numerous comorbidities like cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, sleep disorders, nephropathy, neuropathy, as well as asthma. Studies stated that obese asthmatic subjects suffer from an increased risk of asthma, and encounter severe symptoms due to a number of pathophysiology. It is very vital to understand the copious relationship between obesity and asthma, however, a clear and pinpoint pathogenesis underlying the association between obesity and asthma is scarce. There is a plethora of obesity-asthma etiologies reported viz., increased circulating pro-inflammatory adipokines like leptin, resistin, and decreased anti-inflammatory adipokines like adiponectin, depletion of ROS controller Nrf2/HO-1 axis, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) associated macrophage polarization, hypertrophy of WAT, activation of Notch signaling pathway, and dysregulated melanocortin pathway reported, however, there is a very limited number of reports that interrelates these pathophysiologies. Due to the underlying complex pathophysiologies exaggerated by obese conditions, obese asthmatics respond poorly to anti-asthmatic drugs. The poor response towards anti-asthmatic drugs may be due to the anti-asthmatics approach only that ignores the anti-obesity target. So, aiming only at the conventional anti-asthmatic targets in obese-asthmatics may prove to be futile until and unless treatment is directed towards ameliorating obesity pathogenesis for a holistic approach towards amelioration of obesity-associated asthma. Herbal medicines for obesity as well as obesity-associated comorbidities are fast becoming safer and more effective alternatives to conventional drugs due to their multitargeted approach with fewer adverse effects. Although, herbal medicines are widely used for obesity-associated comorbidities, however, a limited number of herbal medicines have been scientifically validated and reported against obesity-associated asthma. Notable among them are quercetin, curcumin, geraniol, resveratrol, β-Caryophyllene, celastrol, tomatidine to name a few. In view of this, there is a dire need for a comprehensive review that may summarize the role of bioactive phytoconstituents from different sources like plants, marine as well as essential oils in terms of their therapeutic mechanisms. So, this review aims to critically discuss the therapeutic role of herbal medicine in the form of bioactive phytoconstituents against obesity-associated asthma available in the scientific literature to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparoop Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Manash Pratim Pathak
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Assam Down Town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Riya Saikia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Urvashee Gogoi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
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Rodríguez-Mejía UU, Viveros-Paredes JM, Zepeda-Morales ASM, Carrera-Quintanar L, Zepeda-Nuño JS, Velázquez-Juárez G, Delgado-Rizo V, García-Iglesias T, Camacho-Padilla LG, Varela-Navarro E, Anguiano-Sevilla LA, Franco-Torres EM, López-Roa RI. β-Caryophyllene: A Therapeutic Alternative for Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction Caused by Obesity. Molecules 2022; 27:6156. [PMID: 36234691 PMCID: PMC9570618 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive accumulation of fat that exacerbates the metabolic and inflammatory processes. Studies associate these processes with conditions and dysregulation in the intestinal tract, increased concentrations of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the blood, differences in the abundance of intestinal microbiota, and the production of secondary metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. β-Caryophyllene (BCP) is a natural sesquiterpene with anti-inflammatory properties and with the potential purpose of fighting metabolic diseases. A diet-induced obesity model was performed in 16-week-old C57BL/6 mice administered with BCP [50 mg/kg]. A reduction in the expression of Claudin-1 was observed in the group with a high-fat diet (HFD), which was caused by the administration of BCP; besides BCP, the phylaAkkermansia and Bacteroidetes decreased between the groups with a standard diet (STD) vs. HFD. Nevertheless, the use of BCP in the STD increased the expression of these phyla with respect to fatty acids; a similar effect was observed, in the HFD group that had a decreasing concentration that was restored with the use of BCP. The levels of endotoxemia and serum leptin increased in the HFD group, while in the HFD + BCP group, similar values were found to those of the STD group, attributing the ability to reduce these in conditions of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uriel Ulises Rodríguez-Mejía
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adelaida Sara Minia Zepeda-Morales
- Laboratorio de Análisis Quimícos Clínicos y Bacteriológicos Vinculación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lucrecia Carrera-Quintanar
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de los Alimentos, Departamento de Reproducción Humana, Crecimiento y Desarrollo Infantil, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44350, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Sergio Zepeda-Nuño
- Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, Centro de Investigación y Diagnóstico de Patología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44350, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Velázquez-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Bioquimíca Estructural, Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Vidal Delgado-Rizo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación en Inmunología y Dermatología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44350, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Trinidad García-Iglesias
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Investigación en Cáncer de la Infancia y Adolescencia, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44350, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luisa Guadalupe Camacho-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Varela-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Análisis Quimícos Clínicos y Bacteriológicos Vinculación, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis Alberto Anguiano-Sevilla
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Genética y Proteómica, Instituto Transdiciplinar de Investigación y Servicios, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 45150, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Marisol Franco-Torres
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ivette López-Roa
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico
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