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Choubey P, Sharma V, Joshi R, Upadhyaya A, Kumar D, Patial V. Hydroethanolic extract of Gentiana kurroo Royle rhizome ameliorates ethanol-induced liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrogenesis in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117866. [PMID: 38350504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gentiana kurroo Royle is a medicinal plant mentioned as Traymana in Ayurveda. In the folklore, it is used to cure fever, stomach ache, skin diseases and liver disorders. However, limited reports are available on the therapeutic potential of Gentiana kurroo Royle against alcohol-induced liver damage. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the effectiveness of the hydroethanolic extract of Gentiana kurroo Royle rhizome (GKRE) against alcohol-induced liver injury and explore the mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS GKRE was characterized using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The binding affinity of the identified compound was studied in silico. In vitro studies were performed in the Huh-7 cell line. An acute oral toxicity study (2 g/kg BW) of GKRE was done in rats following OECD 420 guidelines. In the efficacy study, rats were treated with 50% ethanol (5 mL/kg BW, orally) for 4 weeks, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (30%; 1 mL/kg BW) to induce liver injury. After 4th week, the rats were treated with GKRE at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg BW doses for the next fifteen days. The biochemical and antioxidant parameters were analyzed using commercial kits and a biochemistry analyzer. Histopathology, gene and protein expressions were studied using qRT PCR and western blotting. RESULTS Thirteen compounds were detected in GKRE. Few compounds showed a strong interaction with the fibrotic and inflammatory proteins in silico. GKRE reduced (p < 0.05) the ethanol-induced ROS production and inflammation in Huh-7 cells. The acute oral toxicity study revealed no adverse effect of GKRE in rats at 2 g/kg BW. GKRE improved (p < 0.05) the body and liver weights in ethanol-treated rats. GKRE improved (p < 0.05) the mRNA levels of ADH, SREBP1c and mitochondrial biogenesis genes in the liver tissues. GKRE also improved (p < 0.05) the liver damage markers, lipid peroxidation and levels of antioxidant enzymes in the liver. A reduced severity (p < 0.05) of pathological changes, fibrotic tissue deposition and caspase 3/7 activity were observed in the liver tissues of GKRE-treated rats. Further, GKRE downregulated (p < 0.05) the expression of fibrotic (TGFβ, αSMA and SMADs) and inflammatory markers (TNFα, IL6, IL1β and NFκB) in the liver. CONCLUSION GKRE showed efficacy against alcohol-induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and fibrogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Choubey
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, HP, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Ashwani Upadhyaya
- PG Department of Dravyaguna, Rajiv Gandhi Govt. Post Graduate Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Paprola, 176115, HP, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Chemical Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, 176061, HP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India.
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Ali SA, Datusalia AK. Protective effects of Tinospora cordifolia miers extract against hepatic and neurobehavioral deficits in thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy in rats via modulating hyperammonemia and glial cell activation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117700. [PMID: 38176666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tinospora cordifolia (TC) a potential medicinal herb, has been ethnobotanically used as an eco-friendly supplement to manage various diseases, including cerebral fever. Earlier studies have shown that TC exhibits diverse beneficial effects, including hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects. However, the effects of TC remain unexplored in animal models of encephalopathy including hepatic encephalopathy (HE). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of TC stem extract against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced behavioural and molecular alterations in HE rats. METHODS AND MATERIALS The extract was preliminarily screened through phytochemical and HR-LC/MS analysis. Animals were pre-treated with TC extract at doses 30 and 100 mg/kg, orally. Following 7 days of TC pre-treatment, HE was induced by administering TAA (300 mg/kg, i. p. thrice). Behavioural assessments were performed after 56 h of TAA first dose. The animals were then sacrificed to assess biochemical parameters in serum, liver and brain. Liver tissue was used for immunoblotting and histological studies to evaluate inflammatory and fibrotic signalling. Moreover, brain tissue was used to evaluate brain edema, activation of glial cells (GFAP, IBA-1) and NF-κB/NLRP3 downstream signalling via immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis in cortex and hippocampus. RESULTS The pre-treatment with TC extract effective mitigated TAA-induced behavioural alterations, lowered serum LFT (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin) and oxidative stress markers in liver and brain. TC treatment significantly modulated hyperammonemia, cerebral edema and preserved the integrity of BBB proteins in HE animals. TC treatment attenuated TAA-induced histological changes, tissue inflammation (pNF-κB (p65), TNF-α, NLRP3) and fibrosis (collagen, α-SMA) in liver. In addition, immunoblotting analysis revealed TC pre-treatment inhibited fibrotic proteins such as vimentin, TGF-β1 and pSmad2/3 in the liver. Our study further showed that TC treatment downregulated the expression of MAPK/NF-κB inflammatory signalling, as well as GFAP and IBA-1 (glial cell markers) in cortex and hippocampus of TAA-intoxicated rats. Additionally, TC-treated animals exhibited reduced expression of caspase3/9 and BAX induced by TAA. CONCLUSION This study revealed promising insights on the protective effects of TC against HE. The findings clearly demonstrated that the significant inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB signalling and glial cell activation could be responsible for the observed beneficial effects of TC in TAA-induced HE rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Afroz Ali
- Laboratory of Molecular NeuroTherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Datusalia
- Laboratory of Molecular NeuroTherapeutics, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India; Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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Ram C, Gairola S, Verma S, Mugale MN, Bonam SR, Murty US, Sahu BD. Biochanin A Ameliorates Nephropathy in High-Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Effects on NF-kB/NLRP3 Axis, Pyroptosis, and Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051052. [PMID: 37237918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephropathy is the most prevalent microvascular disorder in diabetes mellitus. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cascade provoked by the persistent hyperglycemic milieu play integral roles in the aggravation of renal injury and fibrosis. We explored the impact of biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavonoid, on the inflammatory response, nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in diabetic kidneys. A high-fat-diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ)-induced experimental model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) was established in Sprague Dawley rats, and in vitro studies were performed in high-glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial (NRK-52E) cells. Persistent hyperglycemia in diabetic rats was manifested by perturbation of renal function, marked histological alterations, and oxidative and inflammatory renal damage. Therapeutic intervention of BCA mitigated histological changes, improved renal function and antioxidant capacity, and suppressed phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor-kappa B inhibitor alpha (IκBα) proteins. Our in vitro data reveal excessive superoxide generation, apoptosis, and altered mitochondrial membrane potential in NRK-52E cells that were cultured in a high-glucose (HG) environment were subsided by BCA intervention. Meanwhile, the upregulated expressions of NLRP3 and its associated proteins, the pyroptosis-indicative protein gasdermin-D (GSDMD) in the kidneys, and HG-stimulated NRK-52E cells were significantly ameliorated by BCA treatment. Additionally, BCA blunted transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling and production of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, and alfa-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in diabetic kidneys. Our results indicate the plausible role of BCA in attenuating DN, presumably through modulation of the apoptotic cascade in renal tubular epithelial cells and the NF-κB/NLRP3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
| | - Shobhit Verma
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Toxicology & Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781101, India
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Wang Z, Jian G, Chen T, Chen Y, Li J, Wang N. The Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula ameliorates renal dysfunction and fibrosis in rats with diabetic kidney disease <em>via</em> regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and PPARγ signaling pathways. Eur J Histochem 2023; 67. [PMID: 36856315 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2023.3648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and a growing public health problem worldwide. Losartan potassium (Los), an angiotensin II receptor blocker, has been used to treat DKD clinically. Recently, multi-herbal formula has been shown to exhibit therapeutic activities in DKD in China. Thus, we aimed to explore the protective effects of combination of Los and Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula (QBF) on DKD rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) injection was used to establish a rat model of DKD. Next, the bloodurea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE) and uric acid (UA) levels were detected in serum samples from DKD rats. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Masson staining were performed to observe glomerular injury and glomerular fibrosis in DKD rats. In this study, we found that QBF or Los treatment could decrease serum BUN, CRE, UA levels and reduce urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) in DKD rats. Additionally, QBF or Los treatment obviously inhibited glomerular mesangial expansion and glomerular fibrosis, attenuated glomerular injury in kidney tissues of DKD rats. Moreover, QBF or Los treatment significantly reduced PI3K, AKT and ERK1/2 protein expressions, but increased PPARγ level in kidney tissues of DKD rats. As expected, combined treatment of QBF and Los could exert enhanced reno-protective effects compared with the single treatment. Collectively, combination of QBF and Los could ameliorate renal injury and fibrosis in DKD rats via regulating PI3K/AKT, ERK and PPARγ signaling pathways. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of QBF to prevent DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Guihua Jian
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Teng Chen
- Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Yiping Chen
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai.
| | - Junhui Li
- Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai.
| | - Niansong Wang
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai.
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Patial V, Katoch S, Chhimwal J, Dadhich G, Sharma V, Rana A, Joshi R, Padwad Y. Catechins prevent obesity-induced kidney damage by modulating PPARγ/CD36 pathway and gut-kidney axis in rats. Life Sci 2023; 316:121437. [PMID: 36702203 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic and a growing public health concern worldwide. It is one of the significant risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease. In the present study, we evaluated the preventive effect of green tea catechins (GTC) against obesity-induced kidney damage and revealed the underlying molecular mechanism of action. Various green tea catechins were quantified in the catechins-rich fraction using HPLC. In vitro, the palmitic and oleic acid-treated NRK-52E cells showed reduced fat accumulation and modulated expressions of PPARγ, CD36, and TGFβ after GTC treatment. In vivo, rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the effect of GTC was assessed at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight doses. HFD-fed rats showed a significant reduction in weight gain and improved serum creatinine, urea, and urine microalbumin levels after GTC treatment. The improved adipokines and insulin levels in GTC treated groups indicated the insulin-sensitizing effect. Histopathology revealed reduced degenerative changes, fibrous tissue deposition, and mesangial matrix proliferation in GTC treated groups. GTC treatment also downregulated the gene expressions of lipogenic and inflammatory factors and improved the altered expressions of CD36 and PPARγ in the kidney tissue. Further, GTC prevented gut dysbiosis in rats by promoting healthy microbes like Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus reuteri. Faecal metabolome revealed reduced saturated fatty acids, and improved amino acid levels in the GTC treated groups, which help to maintain gut health and metabolism. Overall, GTC prevented obesity-induced kidney damage by modulating PPARγ/CD36 signaling and maintaining gut health in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
| | - Swati Katoch
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Garima Dadhich
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Ajay Rana
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Yogendra Padwad
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, H.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Kumar R, Sharma V, Das S, Patial V, Srivatsan V. Arthrospira platensis ( Spirulina) fortified functional foods ameliorate iron and protein malnutrition by improving growth and modulating oxidative stress and gut microbiota in rats. Food Funct 2023; 14:1160-1178. [PMID: 36601898 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed at developing Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) fortified traditional foods of the Indian subcontinent, namely sattu (multigrain beverage mix) and chikki (peanut bar) and evaluating their ability to promote recovery from protein and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) using albino Wistar rats. Addition of Spirulina (at 4% w/w Spirulina inclusion levels) enriched the protein content by 20.33% in sattu and 15.65% in chikki while the iron content was enhanced by 45% in sattu and 29.6% in chikki. In addition, the total carotenoid and polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity of the food products improved after Spirulina incorporation. Supplementation of 100 g of Spirulina fortified food products meets more than 50% of recommended dietary allowances (RDA) of protein, dietary fiber, iron and zinc for the age group 3 to 10 years of children. Spirulina contributed between 11% and 22% of RDA for protein and iron, respectively; however it contributed very negligibly to RDA of dietary fibre with respect to the nutrient requirements for the target age group. Supplementation of Spirulina fortified foods individually promoted bodyweight gain in malnourished rats and restored haemoglobin, serum protein, albumin, serum iron, and hepcidin levels and reduced the iron binding capacity indicating recovery from IDA. Spirulina supplementation ameliorated malnutrition induced oxidative stress in the liver, spleen and kidneys by reducing the lipid peroxidation and enhancing superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities. Histopathological analysis revealed that supplementation of Spirulina fortified foods reversed pathological changes such as fatty changes in the liver cells, thinning of cardiac muscle fibers and degeneration of intestinal villi. Fe-protein deficiency significantly altered the gut microflora by reducing the abundance of beneficial microbes. However, supplementation of Spirulina fortified foods improved the levels of beneficial gut microbes such as Lactobacillus reuteri and Akkermansia muciniphila while reducing the abundance of Helicobacteraceae, Enterobacteria and Clostridia. In summary, supplementation of Spirulina fortified foods promoted recovery from protein and iron deficiency indicating the bioavailability of nutrients (iron and protein) from Spirulina at par with casein and ferrous ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Kumar
- Applied Phycology and Food Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Sampa Das
- Applied Phycology and Food Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
| | - Vidyashankar Srivatsan
- Applied Phycology and Food Technology Laboratory, Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur-176061, Himachal Pradesh, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Postal Staff College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201002, India
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Tinosporaside from Tinospora cordifolia Encourages Skeletal Muscle Glucose Transport through Both PI-3-Kinase- and AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020483. [PMID: 36677541 PMCID: PMC9864719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The stem of Tinospora cordifolia has been traditionally used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for blood sugar control, without the knowledge of the underlying mechanism and chemical constitution responsible for the observed anti-diabetic effect. In the present study, Tinosporaside, a diterpenoid isolated from the stem of T. cordifolia, was investigated for its effects on glucose utilization in skeletal muscle cells, which was followed by determining the anti-hyperglycemic efficacy in our diabetic db/db mice model. We found that tinosporaside augmented glucose uptake by increasing the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in L6 myotubes, upon prolonged exposure for 16 h. Moreover, tinosporaside treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B/AKT (Ser-473) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, Thr-172). These effects were abolished in the presence of the wortmannin and compound C. Administration of tinosporaside to db/db mice improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity associated with increased gene expression and phosphorylation of the markers of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle tissue. The findings revealed that tinosporaside exerted its antidiabetic efficacy by enhancing the rate of glucose utilization in skeletal muscle, mediated by PI3K- and AMPK-dependent signaling mechanisms.
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Sharma V, Patial V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its natural agonists in the treatment of kidney diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:991059. [PMID: 36339586 PMCID: PMC9634118 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.991059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney disease is one of the leading non-communicable diseases related to tremendous health and economic burden globally. Diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cardiovascular conditions are the major risk factors for kidney disease, followed by infections, toxicity and autoimmune causes. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that plays an essential role in kidney physiology and disease. The synthetic agonists of PPAR-γ shows a therapeutic effect in various kidney conditions; however, the associated side effect restricts their use. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in exploring natural products with PPARγ-activating potential, which can be a promising solution to developing effective and safe treatment of kidney diseases. In this review, we have discussed the role of PPAR-γ in the pathophysiology of kidney disease and the potential of natural PPAR-γ agonists in treating various kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, diabetic kidney disease, obesity-induced nephropathy, hypertension nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. PPAR-γ is a potential target for the natural PPAR-γ agonists against kidney disease; however, more studies are required in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinesh Sharma
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, UP, India
- *Correspondence: Vikram Patial, ,
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Ferraz Carbonel AA, da Silva RA, de Souza Ferreira LP, Vieira RR, dos Santos Simões R, da Silva Sasso GR, de Jesus Simões M, Soares Junior JM, Azevedo Lima PD, Borges FT. Isoflavone Protects the Renal Tissue of Diabetic Ovariectomized Rats via PPARγ. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132567. [PMID: 35807748 PMCID: PMC9268059 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes associated with post-menopause is related to a worse condition of kidney disease. Taking into consideration that this disorder may be regulated by estrogenic mediators, we evaluated the renal protective effect of isoflavone. We investigated the role of the PPARγ in the pathogenesis of the disease. For this study, we used diabetic female rats in a postmenopausal model through ovariectomy. The animals were treated with isoflavone or 17β-estradiol. A dosage was administered to bring on blood glycemia, and through immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the immunoreactivity of PPARγ in the endometrium and renal tissue. We analyzed the immunoreactivity of renal injury molecule KIM-1 and the collagen and glycogen densities in the kidney. Through bioinformatics analysis, we observed PPARγ and COL1A1 gene expression under the influence of different glucose doses. In particular, we observed that isoflavone and 17β-estradiol regulate blood glycemia. Renal injury was inhibited by isoflavone, observed by a reduction in KIM-1, along with glycogen accumulation. These benefits of isoflavone may be associated with PPARγ overexpression in the kidneys and endometrium of diabetic ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Aparecida Ferraz Carbonel
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-5576-4268
| | - Rafael André da Silva
- Biosciences Graduate Program, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (IBILCE/UNESP), São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Luiz Philipe de Souza Ferreira
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Renata Ramos Vieira
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Ricardo dos Santos Simões
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (J.M.S.J.)
| | - Gisela Rodrigues da Silva Sasso
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Structural and Functional Biology Graduate Program, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), 740 Edifício Lemos Torres—2° andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (L.P.d.S.F.); (R.R.V.); (G.R.d.S.S.); (M.d.J.S.)
- Department of Gynecology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maria Soares Junior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine Faculty of University of São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo 05403-911, SP, Brazil; (R.d.S.S.); (J.M.S.J.)
| | | | - Fernanda Teixeira Borges
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo 01506-000, SP, Brazil
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