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Yi Z, Yang B, Wan F, Lu J, Liu D, Lin L, Xu Y, Cen Z, Fan M, Liu W, Lu Q, Jiang G, Zhang Y, Song E, Gao J, Ye D. Chinese medicine Linggui Zhugan formula protects against diabetic kidney disease in close association with inhibition of proteinase 3-mediated podocyte apoptosis in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118650. [PMID: 39094755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Linggui-Zhugan (LGZG) comprises four herbs and is a classic formula in traditional Chinese medicine. There is strong clinical evidence of its pleiotropic effects in the prevention of diabetes and its related complications. Although several classes of drugs are currently available for clinical management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), tight glycemic and/or hypertension control may not prevent disease progression. This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of the ethnopharmacological agent LGZG on DKD. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the effects of LGZG formula with standard quality control on experimental DKD and its related metabolic disorders in animal model. Meanwhile, the present study aimed to investigate regulatory effects of LGZG on renal proteinase 3 (PR3) to reveal mechanisms underlying renoprotective benefits of LGZG. MATERIALS AND METHODS LGZG decoction was fingerprinted by high-performance liquid chromatography for quality control. An experimental model of DKD was induced in C57 BL/6J mice by a combination of high-fat diet feeding, uninephrectomy, and intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin. The LGZG decoction was administrated by daily oral gavage. RESULTS Treatment with LGZG formula significantly attenuated DKD-like traits (including severe albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, and podocyte loss) and metabolic dysfunction (disordered body composition and dyslipidemia) in mice. RNA sequencing data revealed a close association of LGZG treatment with marked modulation of signaling pathways related to podocyte injury and cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, LGZG suppressed the DKD-triggered increase in renal PR3 and podocyte apoptosis. In-vitro incubation of mouse immortalized podocytes with LGZG-medicated serum attenuated PR3-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that the LGZG formula protected against DKD in mice and was closely associated with its inhibitory effects on PR3-mediated podocyte apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhikang Cen
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengqi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhan Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Guozhi Jiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint University Laboratory of Metabolic and Molecular Medicine, The University of Hong Kong and Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jie Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Dewei Ye
- Key Laboratory of Metabolic Phenotyping in Model Animals, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Metabolic Disease Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Lv J, Shi S, Fu Z, Wang Y, Duan C, Hu S, Wu H, Zhang B, Li Y, Song Q. Exploring the inflammation-related mechanisms of Lingguizhugan decoction on right ventricular remodeling secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension based on integrated strategy using UPLC-HRMS, systems biology approach, and experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 132:155879. [PMID: 39032277 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the consequent right heart dysfunction persist with high morbidity and mortality, and the mechanisms and pharmacologic interventions for chronic right-sided heart failure (RHF) have not been adequately investigated. Research has shown that prolonged inflammation is critical in precipitating the progression of PAH-associated right heart pathology. Some research demonstrated that Lingguizhugan decoction (LGZGD), as a classical Chinese medicine formula, had beneficial effects in alleviating PAH and RHF, while its underlying mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. PURPOSE Based on that, this study aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of LGZGD on PAH-induced RHF. STUDY DESIGN In this study, we identified the serum constituents and deciphered the potential anti-inflammatory mechanism and crucial components of LGZGD using combined approaches of UPLC-HRMS, transcriptomic analysis, and molecular docking techniques. Finally, we used in vivo experiments to verify the expression of key targets in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced RHF model and the intervene effect of LGZGD. RESULTS Integrated strategies based on UPLC-HRMS and systems biology approach combined with in vivo experimental validation showed that LGZGD could improve right heart fibrosis and dysfunction via regulating diverse inflammatory signaling pathways and the activity of immune cells, including chemokine family CCL2, CXCR4, leukocyte integrins family ITGAL, ITGB2, and M2 macrophage infiltration, as well as lipid peroxidation-associated HMOX1, NOX4, and 4-HNE. CONCLUSION The present research demonstrated for the first time that LGZGD might improve PAH-induced RHF through multiple anti-inflammatory signaling and inhibition of ferroptosis, which could provide certain directions for future research in related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Lv
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Shi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyue Fu
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yajiao Wang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglin Duan
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Hu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huaqin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bingxuan Zhang
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingqiao Song
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Xiaojuan L, Hongmei L, Zhuxin W, Xiaoqin L, Lanbing D, Dan L, Yi Z. Exploration of the pharmacological components and therapeutic mechanisms in treatment of Alzheimer's disease with Polygonati Rhizoma and its processed product using combined analysis of metabolomics, network pharmacology, and gut microbiota. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35394. [PMID: 39170207 PMCID: PMC11336570 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma (PR, Huangjing in Chinese) and its processed product (PRP), which are used in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for cognitive enhancement and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), have not been fully explored in terms of the different mechanisms underlying their anti-AD effects. Therefore, we used APP/PS1 mice as an AD model to assess the effects of PR and PRP on anxiety-like behaviors, cognitive function, memory performance, and pathological changes in the murine brain. UPLC-HRMS was applied to identify the components of PR and PRP that entered into the blood and brain. Network pharmacology was used to elucidate potential mechanisms underlying the improvement of AD. Differences in the intestinal flora composition between mice treated with PR and PRP were investigated using 16S rRNA sequencing, establishing a correlation between pharmacological components and distinct flora profiles. The results revealed that both PR and PRP interventions ameliorated cognitive deficits and attenuated Amyloid β (Aβ) plaque deposition in the brains of AD mice. Seven specific blood-entering components, namely glutamic acid, Phe-Phe, and uridine, etc., were associated with PR intervention, whereas ten specific blood-entering components including (2R,3S)-3-isopropylmalate, 3-methylhexahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, and 3-methoxytyrosine were related to PRP intervention. Uridine was identified as a common brain-penetrating component in both PR and PRP interventions. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Calcium signaling pathway and Alzheimer's disease were specific pathways targeted in AD treatment using PR intervention. Moreover, the apoptosis pathway was specifically linked to AD treatment during PRP intervention. Furthermore, the administration of both PR and PRP enhanced the abundance and diversity of the intestinal flora in APP/PS1 mice. Western blotting confirmed that PR excels in regulates inflammation, whereas PRP balances autophagy and apoptosis to alleviate the progression of AD. This study offers valuable insights and establishes a robust foundation for further comprehensive exploration of the intrinsic correlation between TCM and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liao Xiaojuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Liu Hongmei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Wang Zhuxin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Liu Xiaoqin
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong Modern University, Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Deng Lanbing
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Luo Dan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China
| | - Zhou Yi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410005, China
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Liu L, Jin M, Han X, Dou D. Identifying biomarkers of ginseng medicines with different natures on heart failure. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118134. [PMID: 38574777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The nature of Chinese medicine is a unique index to measure its efficacy. Generally, treating the hot syndrome with cold nature medicine and vice versa. Ginseng medicines, a renowned Chinese medicine known for its qi tonifying action, encompasses various herbal materials such as ginseng, red ginseng, and black ginseng (GS, RG, and BG, respectively), ginseng leaves (GL), and American ginseng (AG), which exhibited different natures, thought contained similar ginsenosides. This traditional effect of GS and RG "reinvigorate the pulse for relieving qi depletion". It is closely linked to anti-heart failure (HF), HF is a clinical manifestation of deficiency of "heart-qi". However, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying the anti-HF effects of ginseng medicines with different natures remains a significant challenge. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate pharmacological mechanisms underlying the effect of ginseng medicines on HF, and to identify biomarkers associated with their various natures. Furthermore, it provides the basis for the different applications of ginseng medicines with various natures. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study established a rat model of HF induced by isoproterenol (ISO) combined with a specific diet. Four representative hot/cold herbs were selected as compared references for the medicine natures. The divergent effects of these herbs on the HF model were investigated by analyzing RNA-seq data to identify genes expressed differentially. Additionally, pathways associated with medicine natures were obtained using KEGG. Furthermore, UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS, as well as ELISA, were used to measure indexes associated with the nervous system, energy metabolisms, and endocrinology systems, such as BNP, CK, IL-1, T3, T4, cAMP, cGMP, AD, adrenal hormones (DOC, CORT, and COR), progestogens (pregnenolone, P, 17-OH-PR, and 17-OH-P), androgens (DHEA, A4, and T), and estrogens hormones (E2). RESULTS All ginseng medicines demonstrated varying levels of efficacy in alleviating HF and GS exhibited a significant protective effect on HF. The ginseng medicines with qi tonifying primarily achieve their effect by enhancing the levels of adrenal hormones (DOC, CORT, and COR), T4, elevation of cAMP/cGMP, and activation of AchE. Warm nature qi tonifying ginseng medicines increased the levels of 17-OH-PR and P while decreasing 17-OH-P and the ratio of E2/T. On the other hand, cold nature qi tonifying ginseng medicines decreased the levels of A4 and T while increasing the ratio of E2/T. CONCLUSION Overall, the effects of warm nature ginseng medicines are stronger on HF compared to cold nature ginseng medicines. Our research firstly reported that the E2/T ratio, progestogens (17-OH-PR, 17-OH-P, and P), and androgens (A4 and T) have been identified as significant biomarkers for discerning the mechanism differences of ginseng medicines with differences natures in treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Mozhu Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xueying Han
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Deqiang Dou
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China.
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Liu J, Wei X, Wang T, Zhang M, Gao Y, Cheng Y, Chi L. Intestinal mucosal barrier: a potential target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1372766. [PMID: 38469405 PMCID: PMC10925767 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1372766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious public health problem, and among non-communicable diseases, CVD is now the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. CVD involves multiple organs throughout the body, especially the intestinal tract is the first to be involved. The impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier is considered a significant pathological alteration in CVD and also contributes to the accelerated progression of the disease, thereby offering novel insights for CVD prevention and treatment. The treatment of Chinese medicine is characterized by multi-metabolites, multi-pathways, and multi-targets. In recent years, the studies of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in treating CVD by repairing the intestinal mucosal barrier have gradually increased, showing great therapeutic potential. This review summarizes the studies related to the treatment of CVD by TCM (metabolites of Chinese botanical drugs, TCM formulas, and Chinese patent medicine) targeting the repair of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as the potential mechanisms. We have observed that TCM exerts regulatory effects on the structure and metabolites of gut microbiota, enhances intestinal tight junctions, improves intestinal dyskinesia, repairs intestinal tissue morphology, and preserves the integrity of the intestinal vascular barrier through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. These multifaceted attributes position TCM as a pivotal modulator of inhibiting myocardial fibrosis, and hypertrophy, and promoting vascular repairment. Moreover, there exists a close association between cardiovascular risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, obesity, and diabetes mellitus with CVD. We also explore the mechanisms through which Chinese botanical drugs impact the intestinal mucosal barrier and regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Consequently, these findings present novel insights and methodologies for treating CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Liu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiunan Wei
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Gao
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Chi
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Qian K, Tang J, Ling YJ, Zhou M, Yan XX, Xie Y, Zhu LJ, Nirmala K, Sun KY, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Exogenous NADPH exerts a positive inotropic effect and enhances energy metabolism via SIRT3 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. EBioMedicine 2023; 98:104863. [PMID: 37950995 PMCID: PMC10663691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies are urgently required to ameliorate pathological cardiac hypertrophy and enhance cardiac function in heart failure. Our preliminary experiments have demonstrated that exogenous NADPH exhibits a positive inotropic effect on isolated heart. This study aims to investigate the positive inotropic effects of NADPH in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, as well as the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS Endogenous plasma NADPH contents were determined in patients with chronic heart failure and control adults. The positive inotropic effects of NADPH were investigated in isolated toad heart or rat heart. The effects of NADPH were investigated in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy or transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure. The underlying mechanisms of NADPH were studied using SIRT3 knockout mice, echocardiography, Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and immunoprecipitation. FINDINGS The endogenous NADPH content in the blood of patients and animals with pathological cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure was significantly reduced compared with age-sex matched control subjects. Exogenous NADPH showed positive inotropic effects on the isolated normal and failing hearts, while antagonism of ATP receptor partially abolished the positive inotropic effect of NADPH. Exogenous NADPH administration significantly reduced heart weight indices, and improved cardiac function in the mice with pathological cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. NADPH increased SIRT3 expression and activity, deacetylated target proteins, improved mitochondrial function and facilitated ATP production in the hypertrophic myocardium. Importantly, inhibition of SIRT3 abolished the positive inotropic effect of NADPH, and the anti-heart failure effect of NADPH was significantly reduced in the SIRT3 Knockout mice. INTERPRETATION Exogenous NADPH shows positive inotropic effect and improves energy metabolism via SIRT3 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. NADPH thus may be one of the potential candidates for the treatment of pathological cardiac hypertrophy or heart failure. FUNDING This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81973315, 82173811, 81730092), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education (20KJA310008), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases (BM2013003) and the Priority Academic Program Development of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutes (PAPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yue-Juan Ling
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lu-Jia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Koju Nirmala
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kang-Yun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Yang M, Wu H, Qian H, Li D, Xu H, Chen J, Zhong J, Wu W, Yang H, Chen X, Min X, Chen J. Linggui Zhugan decoction delays ventricular remodeling in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 120:155026. [PMID: 37619320 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditional Chinese medicine plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of heart failure (HF). Linggui Zhugan decoction has been approved for clinical treatment of chronic HF. However, the mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE The effect of Linggui Zhugan decoction on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in rat myocardium was studied to investigate the mechanism by Linggui Zhugan decoction effects ventricular remodeling in rats with heart failure after myocardial infarction. METHOD A rat model of HF after myocardial infarction was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery. After 6 weeks of intervention with Linggui Zhugan decoction, the effect of Linggui Zhugan decoction on the cardiac function of chronic HF model rats was observed. Myocardial infarct size was measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to measure NT-proBNP and sST-2 concentrations in rat serum. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe the morphology of myocardial tissue; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of type I collagen and type III collagen in myocardial tissue; and mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a, GSK-3β, β-catenin, and c-Myc in the infarct marginal zone were detected using PCR. Protein expression of Wnt3a, p-GSK-3β, GSK-3β, and β-catenin in the infarct marginal zone was detected using western blot. RESULTS Compared with the control, Linggui Zhugan decoction reduced the levels of serum ST-2 and NT-proBNP, improved cardiac function, and reduced the deposition of collagen fiber. In addition, Linggui Zhugan decoction inhibited the expression of Wnt3a, p-GSK-3β, and β-catenin in cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Linggui Zhugan decoction inhibits the expression of several key proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, delays cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis, and improves cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- School of Public Health, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China
| | - Xinlong Chen
- Yunxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442600, China.
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, China.
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Yu S, Qian H, Tian D, Yang M, Li D, Xu H, Chen J, Yang J, Hao X, Liu Z, Zhong J, Yang H, Chen X, Min X, Chen J. Linggui Zhugan Decoction activates the SIRT1-AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway to improve mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure caused by myocardial infarction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1074837. [PMID: 37089931 PMCID: PMC10113531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1074837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of Linggui Zhugan Decoction on mitochondrial and oxidative damage in rats with chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction and the related mechanisms. Methods: Chronic heart failure after myocardial infarction was established by coronary artery ligation. Heart failure rats were randomly divided into three groups: Model group (n = 11), Linggui Zhugan Decoction group (n = 12), and captopril group (n = 11). Rats whose coronary arteries were only threaded and not ligated were sham group (n = 11). Cardiac function, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, soluble growth-stimulating expression factor (ST2), and N-terminal B-type brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NTproBNP) levels were analyzed after treatment. Moreover, the level of mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining, the ultrastructural of myocardial mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The related signal pathway of silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1), adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated adenylate activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is an important pathway to regulate mitochondrial energy metabolism, and to initiate mitochondrial biogenesis. The expression level was detected by Western blot and reverse transcription to explore the mechanism of the decoction. Results: Compared with the model rats, Linggui Zhugan Decoction significantly improved cardiac function (p < 0.05), reduced MDA production (p < 0.01), increased SOD activity (p < 0.05), reduced ST-2(p < 0.01), and NT-proBNP(p < 0.05) levels, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, and improved mitochondria function. In addition, Linggui Zhugan Decoction upregulated the expression of SIRT1, p-AMPK, PGC-1α protein, and mRNA in cardiac myocytes. Conclusion: Linggui Zhugan Decoction can improve the cardiac function of heart failure rats by enhancing myocardial antioxidant capacity and protecting the mitochondrial function, the mechanism is related to activating SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Yu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Jiujiang No. 1 People’s Hospital, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dawei Tian
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jishun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingning Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xincai Hao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixin Liu
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinlong Chen
- Yunxi Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinwen Min
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital (Hubei Clinical Research Center of Hypertension), Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Institute of Virology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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Wang X, Gao Y, Zhang J, Zhang H, Sun S, Su S, Kong D, Wang Q. Revealment study on the regulation of lipid metabolism by Lingguizhugan Decoction in heart failure treatment based on integrated lipidomics and proteomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114066. [PMID: 36528915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lingguizhugan Decoction (LGZGD) is a classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription. Our previous studies found that disorders of lipid metabolism were reversed by LGZGD in heart failure (HF) mice. This study aimed to reveal the regulation of lipid metabolism of LGZGD. A mice model of HF was established by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin. The components of LGZGD were identified with the UHPLC-QTOF-MS method. The regulation of lipid metabolism by LGZGD was detected by serum lipidomics and heart tissue proteomics. Molecular docking was further performed to screen active components. A total of 78 compounds in LGZGD were identified. Results of lipidomics showed that 37 lipids illustrated a significant recovery trend to normal after the treatment of LGZGD. Results of proteomics demonstrated that 55 proteins were altered by the administration of LGZGD in HF mice. After enrichment analysis, the Prakg2/Ucp2/Plin1 axis on the Apelin pathway plays a vital role in HF treatment by LGZGD. Nine active components exhibited the outstanding ability of binding to the apelin receptor with MM-GBSA value lower than -60 Kcal/mol. In conclusion, all results combined together revealed that multi-component in the LGZGD had beneficial effects on the HF through ameliorating lipid disorders, which provides a novel insight into the cardioprotective effects of LGZGD and its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Huaxing Zhang
- Core Facilities and Centers, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Shuo Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Suwen Su
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology for New Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China
| | - Dezhi Kong
- School of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, PR China.
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Xiang M, Zhao X, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Ding F, Lv L, Wang Y, Shen Z, Li L, Cui X. Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction protects against ventricular remodeling through ameliorating mitochondrial damage in post-myocardial infarction rats. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1038523. [PMID: 36704451 PMCID: PMC9872118 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1038523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modified Linggui Zhugan Decoction (MLZD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription developed from Linggui Zhugan Decoction (LZD) that has been used for the clinical treatment of ischemic cardiovascular diseases. However, the cardioprotective mechanism of MLZD against post-myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular remodeling remains unclear. Methods We explored the effects of MLZD on ventricular remodeling and their underlying mechanisms, respectively, in SD rats with MI models and in H9c2 cardiomyocytes with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. The cardiac structure and function of rats were measured by echocardiography, HE staining, and Masson staining. Apoptosis, inflammation, mitochondrial structure and function, and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) expression were additionally examined. Results MLZD treatment significantly ameliorated cardiac structure and function, and thus reversed ventricular remodeling, compared with the control. Further research showed that MLZD ameliorated mitochondrial structural disruption, protected against mitochondrial dynamics disorder, restored impaired mitochondrial function, inhibited inflammation, and thus inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, the decreased expression level of SIRT3 was enhanced after MLZD treatment. The protective effects of MLZD on SIRT3 and mitochondria, nevertheless, were blocked by 3-TYP, a selective inhibitor of SIRT3. Discussion These findings together revealed that MLZD could improve the ventricular remodeling of MI rats by ameliorating mitochondrial damage and its associated apoptosis, which might exert protective effects by targeting SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Xiang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Pathology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,First Clinical Medical School, Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Shandong, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifei Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Li Li,
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xiangning Cui,
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Han S, Chen L, Zhang Y, Xie S, Yang J, Su S, Yao H, Shi P. Lotus Bee Pollen Extract Inhibits Isoproterenol-Induced Hypertrophy via JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Rat H9c2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010088. [PMID: 36670950 PMCID: PMC9854735 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee pollen possesses an anti-cardiomyocyte injury effect by reducing oxidative stress levels and inhibiting inflammatory response and apoptosis, but the possible effect mechanism has rarely been reported. This paper explores the effect of the extract of lotus bee pollen (LBPE) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (CH) and its mechanism. The main components of LBPE were identified via UPLC-QTOF MS. An isoproterenol-induced rat H9c2 CH model was subsequently used to evaluate the protection of LBPE on cells. LBPE (100, 250 and 500 μg∙mL-1) reduced the surface area, total protein content and MDA content, and increased SOD activity and GSH content in CH model in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, quantitative real-time PCR trials confirmed that LBPE reduced the gene expression levels of CH markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-apoptosis factors, and increased the Bcl-2 mRNA expression and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, target fishing, bioinformatics analysis and molecular docking suggested JAK2 could be a pivotal target protein for the main active ingredients in the LBPE against CH. Ultimately, Western blot (WB) trials confirmed that LBPE can dose-dependently inhibit the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. The results show that LBPE can protect against ISO-induced CH, possibly via targeting the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, also suggesting that LBPE may be a promising candidate against CH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Han
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lifu Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shihui Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Songkun Su
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (P.S.)
| | - Peiying Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Bee Products, College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Natural Biotoxins, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (P.S.)
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Chen L, Yu D, Ling S, Xu JW. Mechanism of tonifying-kidney Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988360. [PMID: 36172573 PMCID: PMC9510640 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), chronic heart failure has the basic pathological characteristics of “heart-kidney yang deficiency.” Chronic heart failure with heart- and kidney-Yang deficiency has good overlap with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III and IV. Traditional Chinese medicine classical prescriptions for the treatment of chronic heart failure often take “warming and tonifying kidney-Yang” as the core, supplemented by herbal compositions with functions of “promoting blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis.” Nowadays, there are still many classical and folk prescriptions for chronic heart failure treatment, such as Zhenwu decoction, Bushen Huoxue decoction, Shenfu decoction, Sini decoction, as well as Qili Qiangxin capsule. This review focuses on classical formulations and their active constituents that play a key role in preventing chronic heart failure by suppressing inflammation and modulating immune and neurohumoral factors. In addition, given that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has intimate relation with inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis, the regulatory role of classical prescriptions and their active components in metabolic reprogramming, including glycolysis and lipid β-oxidation, is also presented. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, the classical TCM prescriptions still have good clinical effects in treating chronic heart failure. This review will provide a modern pharmacological explanation for its mechanism and offer evidence for clinical medication by combining TCM syndrome differentiation with chronic heart failure clinical stages.
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