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Wu KY, Cheong IS, Lai JN, Hu CY, Hung KC, Chen YT, Chiu LT, Tsai HT, Jou YC, Tzai TS, Tsai YS. Risk of secondary primary malignancies in survivors of upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A nationwide population-based analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2024; 89:102536. [PMID: 38281454 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2024.102536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the cancer types and risk factors of secondary primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Taiwan. METHODS Using National Health Insurance Research Dataset and catastrophic illness registry, we enrolled newly diagnosed UTUC patients from 2000 to 2013. Those without catastrophic illness registration were excluded from the study. The cancer types and hazard ratios (HRs) of subsequent SPMs were calculated according to the antecedent malignancy. We analyzed the risk factors for developing SPMs using multivariate Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS A total of 9050 UTUC patients were registered and 2187 (24.2%) patients developed SPMs during the study period. As compared with primary UTUC, the relative risk ratios of SPM was 2.5 folds and 18% higher in those with antecedent non-UC malignancy and with bladder cancer history, respectively. Totally, 387 (37.8%) of 1022 UTUC patients with antecedent non-UC malignancy developed subsequent SPM after UTUC diagnosis. The antecedent and subsequent cancer types are similar and kidney cancer is most common, followed by hepatoma. Multivariate analysis showed that a history of antecedent non-UC malignancy is the most unfavorable factor for SPM development (HR, 2.50; 95% CI, 2.23-2.81), followed by liver disease, male gender, antecedent bladder cancer history, age ≥ 75 years, and chronic kidney disease. CONCLUSIONS Our study, conducted in Taiwan and involving 9050 UTUC patients, meticulously examined the types of SPM and the associated risk factors. Our research unearthed several pivotal discoveries: a preceding history of non-UC malignancies emerged as the single most influential factor contributing to the occurrence of subsequent cancers, followed by liver disease, male gender, antecedent bladder cancer history, age ≥75 years, and chronic kidney disease. Futhermore, kidney cancer emerged as the predominant subsequent malignancy, closely trailed by hepatoma..
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Ian-Seng Cheong
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Nien Lai
- School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Che-Yuan Hu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chuan Hung
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, No.901, ChungHwa Road, Yung Kung Dist, Tainan 710, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chia-Yi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Ting Chiu
- Management office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Tzu Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Chin Jou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St Martin De Porres Hospital, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Shin Tzai
- Department of Urology, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 709, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Shyan Tsai
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan.
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Tian J, Liu C, Wang L, Xian Z, Zhao Y, Qin S, Yi Y, Li C, Han J, Pan C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Meng J, Tang X, Wang F, Liu M, Liang A. Study on the difference and correlation between the contents and toxicity of aristolochic acid analogues in Aristolochia plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023:116568. [PMID: 37217154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The nephrotoxicity and carcinogenicity induced by traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) containing aristolochic acids (AAs) and related compound preparations have greatly limited their clinical application. While the toxicity of AA-I and AA-II is relatively clear, there are marked differences in the toxic effects of different types of aristolochic acid analogues (AAAs). Thus, the toxicity of TCMs containing AAAs cannot be evaluated based on the toxicity of a single compound. AIM OF THE STUDY To systematically investigate the toxicity induced by Zhushalian (ZSL), Madouling (MDL) and Tianxianteng (TXT) as representative TCMs derived from Aristolochia. MATERIALS AND METHODS AAA contents in ZSL, MDL and TXT were determined using HPLC. Subsequently, mice were treated for 2 weeks with high (H) and low (L) dosages of TCMs containing total AAA contents of 3 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. Toxicity was evaluated using biochemical and pathological examination and was based on organ indices. Correlations between AAA contents and induced toxicity were analysed using multiple methods. RESULTS Of the total AAA content, ZSL contained mainly AA-I and AA-II (>90%, of which AA-I accounted for 49.55%). AA-I accounted for 35.45% in MDL. TXT mainly contained AA-IVa (76.84%) and other AAAs accounted for <10%. Short-term toxicity tests indicated that ZSL and high-dose MDL induced obvious renal interstitial fibrosis and gastric injury, whereas TXT (high and low dosages) caused only slight toxicity. Correlation analysis suggested that AA-I might be the critical hazard factor for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS The toxicity of TCMs containing AAAs cannot be generalised. The toxicity of TXT is relatively low compared with those of ZSL and MDL. The toxicity of Aristolochia depends mainly on the AA-I content; therefore, control of AA-I levels in TCMs and related compound preparations is required to reduce the risk of toxicity associated with the use of Aristolochia herbs in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Shasha Qin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Jing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Meiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, China.
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Das S, Thakur S, Korenjak M, Sidorenko VS, Chung FFL, Zavadil J. Aristolochic acid-associated cancers: a public health risk in need of global action. Nat Rev Cancer 2022; 22:576-591. [PMID: 35854147 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00494-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aristolochic acids (AAs) are a group of naturally occurring compounds present in many plant species of the Aristolochiaceae family. Exposure to AA is a significant risk factor for severe nephropathy, and urological and hepatobiliary cancers (among others) that are often recurrent and characterized by the prominent mutational fingerprint of AA. However, herbal medicinal products that contain AA continue to be manufactured and marketed worldwide with inadequate regulation, and possible environmental exposure routes receive little attention. As the trade of food and dietary supplements becomes increasingly globalized, we propose that further inaction on curtailing AA exposure will have far-reaching negative effects on the disease trends of AA-associated cancers. Our Review aims to systematically present the historical and current evidence for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of AA, and the effect of removing sources of AA exposure on cancer incidence trends. We discuss the persisting challenges of assessing the scale of AA-related carcinogenicity, and the obstacles that must be overcome in curbing AA exposure and preventing associated cancers. Overall, this Review aims to strengthen the case for the implementation of prevention measures against AA's multifaceted, detrimental and potentially fully preventable effects on human cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Das
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Shefali Thakur
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France
- BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Korenjak
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Viktoriya S Sidorenko
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France.
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Epigenomics and Mechanisms Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer WHO, Lyon, France.
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