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Chen ZQ, He WY, Yang SY, Ma HH, Zhou J, Li H, Zhu YD, Qian XK, Zou LW. Discovery of natural anthraquinones as potent inhibitors against pancreatic lipase: structure-activity relationships and inhibitory mechanism. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2398561. [PMID: 39223707 PMCID: PMC11373360 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2398561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is acknowledged as a significant risk factor for various metabolic diseases, and the inhibition of human pancreatic lipase (hPL) can impede lipid digestion and absorption, thereby offering potential benefits for obesity treatment. Anthraquinones is a kind of natural and synthetic compounds with wide application. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 31 anthraquinones on hPL were evaluated. The data shows that AQ7, AQ26, and AQ27 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against hPL, and exhibited selectivity towards other known serine hydrolases. Then the structure-activity relationship between anthraquinones and hPL was further analysed. AQ7 was found to be a mixed inhibition of hPL through inhibition kinetics, while AQ26 and AQ27 were effective non-competitive inhibition of hPL. Molecular docking data revealed that AQ7, AQ26, and AQ27 all could associate with the site of hPL. Developing hPL inhibitors for obesity prevention and treatment could be simplified with this novel and promising lead compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qiang Chen
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yao He
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong-Hong Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Di Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing-Kai Qian
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Zou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen CX, Yang SS, Pang JW, He L, Zang YN, Ding L, Ren NQ, Ding J. Anthraquinones-based photocatalysis: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 22:100449. [PMID: 39104553 PMCID: PMC11298862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been significant interest in photocatalytic technologies utilizing semiconductors and photosensitizers responsive to solar light, owing to their potential for energy and environmental applications. Current efforts are focused on enhancing existing photocatalysts and developing new ones tailored for environmental uses. Anthraquinones (AQs) serve as redox-active electron transfer mediators and photochemically active organic photosensitizers, effectively addressing common issues such as low light utilization and carrier separation efficiency found in conventional semiconductors. AQs offer advantages such as abundant raw materials, controlled preparation, excellent electron transfer capabilities, and photosensitivity, with applications spanning the energy, medical, and environmental sectors. Despite their utility, comprehensive reviews on AQs-based photocatalytic systems in environmental contexts are lacking. In this review, we thoroughly describe the photochemical properties of AQs and their potential applications in photocatalysis, particularly in addressing key environmental challenges like clean energy production, antibacterial action, and pollutant degradation. However, AQs face limitations in practical photocatalytic applications due to their low electrical conductivity and solubility-related secondary contamination. To mitigate these issues, the design and synthesis of graphene-immobilized AQs are highlighted as a solution to enhance practical photocatalytic applications. Additionally, future research directions are proposed to deepen the understanding of AQs' theoretical mechanisms and to provide practical applications for wastewater treatment. This review aims to facilitate mechanistic studies and practical applications of AQs-based photocatalytic technologies and to improve understanding of these technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Ji-Wei Pang
- China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group, CECEP Talroad Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Lei He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
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Hua Y, Tian X, Zhang X, Song G, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Yin F. Applications and challenges of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of skin malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1476228. [PMID: 39364058 PMCID: PMC11446773 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1476228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), as a minimally invasive treatment method, has demonstrated its distinct advantages in the management of skin malignant tumors. This article examines the current application status of PDT, assesses its successful cases and challenges in clinical treatment, and anticipates its future development trends. PDT utilizes photosensitizers to interact with light of specific wavelengths to generate reactive oxygen species that selectively eradicate cancer cells. Despite PDT's exceptional performance in enhancing patients' quality of life and prognosis, the limitation of treatment depth and the side effects of photosensitizers remain unresolved issues. With the advancement of novel photosensitizers and innovative treatment technology, the application prospects of PDT are increasingly expansive. This article delves into the mechanism of PDT, its application in various skin malignancies, its advantages and limitations, and envisions its future development. We believe that through continuous technological enhancements and integration with other treatment technologies, PDT has the potential to assume a more pivotal role in the treatment of skin malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Hua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Xiaoling Tian
- Department of Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Ge Song
- Department of Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Yubo Liu
- Department of Graduate School, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Public Health, International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuqian Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Fangrui Yin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
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4
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Bai XF, Hu J, Wang MF, Li LG, Han N, Wang H, Chen NN, Gao YJ, You H, Wang X, Xu X, Yu TT, Li TF, Ren T. Cepharanthine triggers ferroptosis through inhibition of NRF2 for robust ER stress against lung cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176839. [PMID: 39033838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress elicits apoptosis to suppress lung cancer. Our previous research identified that Cepharanthine (CEP), a kind of phytomedicine, possessed powerful anti-cancer efficacy, for which the underlying mechanism was still uncovered. Herein, we investigated how CEP induced ER stress and worked against lung cancer. METHODS The differential expression genes (DEGs) and enrichment were detected by RNA-sequence. The affinity of CEP and NRF2 was analyzed by cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and molecular docking. The function assay of lung cancer cells was measured by western blots, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, and ferroptosis inhibitors. RESULTS CEP treatment enriched DEGs in ferroptosis and ER stress. Further analysis demonstrated the target was NRF2. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that CEP induced obvious ferroptosis, as characterized by the elevated iron ions, ROS, COX-2 expression, down-regulation of GPX4, and atrophic mitochondria. Moreover, enhanced Grp78, CHOP expression, β-amyloid mass, and disappearing parallel stacked structures of ER were observed in CEP group, suggesting ER stress was aroused. CEP exhibited excellent anti-lung cancer efficacy, as evidenced by the increased apoptosis, reduced proliferation, diminished cell stemness, and prominent inhibition of tumor grafts in animal models. Furthermore, the addition of ferroptosis inhibitors weakened CEP-induced ER stress and apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, our findings proved CEP drives ferroptosis through inhibition of NRF2 for induction of robust ER stress, thereby leading to apoptosis and attenuated stemness of lung cancer cells. The current work presents a novel mechanism for the anti-tumor efficacy of the natural compound CEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Bai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Mei-Fang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Liu-Gen Li
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Ning Han
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Hansheng Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Nan-Nan Chen
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Yu-Jie Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Hui You
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China; Shiyan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Nanoformulation Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Renmin Road No. 30, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
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Arabestani MR, Saadat M, Taherkhani A. Antibiotic resistance challenge: evaluating anthraquinones as rifampicin monooxygenase inhibitors through integrated bioinformatics analysis. Genomics Inform 2024; 22:13. [PMID: 39232833 PMCID: PMC11375879 DOI: 10.1186/s44342-024-00015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibiotic resistance poses a pressing and crucial global public health challenge, leading to significant clinical and health-related consequences. Substantial evidence highlights the pivotal involvement of rifampicin monooxygenase (RIFMO) in the context of antibiotic resistance. Hence, inhibiting RIFMO could offer potential in the treatment of various infections. Anthraquinones, a group of organic compounds, have shown promise in addressing tuberculosis. This study employed integrated bioinformatics approaches to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of a selection of anthraquinones on RIFMO. The findings were subsequently compared with those of rifampicin (RIF), serving as a positive control inhibitor. METHODS The AutoDock 4.0 tool assessed the binding free energy between 21 anthraquinones and the RIFMO catalytic cleft. The ligands were ranked based on the most favorable scores derived from ΔGbinding. The docking analyses for the highest-ranked anthraquinone and RIF underwent a cross-validation process. This validation procedure utilized the SwissDock server and the Schrödinger Maestro docking software. Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to scrutinize the stability of the backbone atoms in free RIFMO, RIFMO-RIF, and RIFMO complexed with the top-ranked anthraquinone throughout a 100-ns computer simulation. The Discovery Studio Visualizer tool visualized interactions between RIFMO residues and ligands. An evaluation of the pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles of the tested compounds was also conducted. RESULTS Five anthraquinones were indicated with ΔGbinding scores less than - 10 kcal/mol. Hypericin emerged as the most potent RIFMO inhibitor, boasting a ΔGbinding score and inhibition constant value of - 12.11 kcal/mol and 798.99 pM, respectively. The agreement across AutoDock 4.0, SwissDock, and Schrödinger Maestro results highlighted hypericin's notable binding affinity to the RIFMO catalytic cleft. The RIFMO-hypericin complex achieved stability after a 70-ns computer simulation, exhibiting a root-mean-square deviation of 0.55 nm. Oral bioavailability analysis revealed that all anthraquinones except hypericin, sennidin A, and sennidin B may be suitable for oral administration. Furthermore, the carcinogenicity prediction analysis indicated a favorable safety profile for all examined anthraquinones. CONCLUSION Inhibiting RIFMO, particularly with anthraquinones such as hypericin, holds promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Arabestani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Saadat
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Taherkhani
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Amantino CF, do Amaral SR, Aires-Fernandes M, Oliani SM, Tedesco AC, Primo FL. Development of 3D skin equivalents for application in photodynamic biostimulation therapy assays using curcumin nanocapsules. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32808. [PMID: 38975186 PMCID: PMC11226835 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
For decades, animal models have been the standard approach in drug research and development, as they are required by regulations in the transition from preclinical to clinical trials. However, there is growing ethical and scientific concern regarding these trials, as 80 % of the therapeutic potential observed in pre-clinical studies are often unable to be replicated, despite demonstrating efficacy and safety. In response to this, Tissue Engineering has emerged as a promising alternative that enables the treatment of various diseases through the production of biological models for advanced biological assays or through the direct development of tissue repairs or replacements. One of the promising applications of Tissue Engineering is the development of three-dimensional (3D) models for in vitro tests, replacing the need for in vivo animal models. In this study, 3D skin equivalents (TSE) were produced and used as an in vitro model to test photobiostimulation using curcumin-loaded nanocapsules. Photodynamic biostimulation therapy uses photodynamic processes to generate small amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can activate important biological effects such as cell differentiation, modulation of inflammatory processes and contribution to cell regeneration. The PLGA nanocapsules (NC) used in the study were synthesized through a preformed polymer deposition method, exhibiting particle size <200 nm, Zeta potential >|30| and polydispersity index between 0.5 and 0.3. Atomic force microscopy analyzes confirmed that the particle size was <200 nm, with a spherical morphology and a predominantly smooth and uniform surface. The NC biocompatibility assay did not demonstrate cytotoxicity for the concentrations tested (2.5-25 μg mL-1).The in vitro release assay showed a slow and sustained release characteristic of the nanocapsules, and cellular uptake assays indicated a significant increase in cellular internalization of the curcumin-loaded nanostructure. Monolayer photobiostimulation studies revealed an increase in cell viability of the HDFn cell line (viability 134 %-228 %) for all LED fluences employed at λ = 450 nm (150, 300, and 450 mJ cm-2). Additionally, the scratch assays, monitoring in vitro scar injury, demonstrated more effective effects on cell proliferation with the fluence of 300 mJ cm-2. Staining of TSE with hematoxylin and eosin showed the presence of cells with different morphologies, confirming the presence of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry using KI-67 revealed the presence of proliferating cells in TSE after irradiation with LED λ = 450 nm (150, 300, and 450 mJ cm-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila F. Amantino
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Stéphanie R. do Amaral
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Mariza Aires-Fernandes
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Sonia M. Oliani
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Languages and Exact Sciences (IBILCE), São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Tedesco
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering – Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14010-100, Brazil
| | - Fernando L. Primo
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, São Paulo, 14800-903, Brazil
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Fiala J, Roach T, Holzinger A, Husiev Y, Delueg L, Hammerle F, Armengol ES, Schöbel H, Bonnet S, Laffleur F, Kranner I, Lackner M, Siewert B. The Light-activated Effect of Natural Anthraquinone Parietin against Candida auris and Other Fungal Priority Pathogens. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:588-594. [PMID: 38843798 PMCID: PMC11156500 DOI: 10.1055/a-2249-9110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an evolving treatment strategy against human pathogenic microbes such as the Candida species, including the emerging pathogen C. auris. Using a modified EUCAST protocol, the light-enhanced antifungal activity of the natural compound parietin was explored. The photoactivity was evaluated against three separate strains of five yeasts, and its molecular mode of action was analysed via several techniques, i.e., cellular uptake, reactive electrophilic species (RES), and singlet oxygen yield. Under experimental conditions (λ = 428 nm, H = 30 J/cm2, PI = 30 min), microbial growth was inhibited by more than 90% at parietin concentrations as low as c = 0.156 mg/L (0.55 µM) for C. tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans, c = 0.313 mg/L (1.10 µM) for C. auris, c = 0.625 mg/L (2.20 µM) for C. glabrata, and c = 1.250 mg/L (4.40 µM) for C. albicans. Mode-of-action analysis demonstrated fungicidal activity. Parietin targets the cell membrane and induces cell death via ROS-mediated lipid peroxidation after light irradiation. In summary, parietin exhibits light-enhanced fungicidal activity against all Candida species tested (including C. auris) and Cryptococcus neoformans, covering three of the four critical threats on the WHO's most recent fungal priority list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fiala
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Roach
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Yurii Husiev
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Netherlands
| | - Lisa Delueg
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Hammerle
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Department of Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilse Kranner
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Lackner
- Institute of Hygiene und Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Li X, Liu Y, Wu L, Zhao J. Molecular Nanoarchitectonics of Natural Photosensitizers and Their Derivatives Nanostructures for Improved Photodynamic Therapy. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300599. [PMID: 38069595 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Natural photosensitizers (PSs) and their derivatives have drawn ever-increasing attention in photodynamic therapy (PDT) for their wild range of sources, desirable biocompatibility, and good photosensitivity. Nevertheless, many factors such as poor solubility, high body clearance rate, limited tumor targeting ability, and short excitation wavelengths severely hinder their applications in efficient PDT. In recent years, fabricating nanostructures by utilizing molecular assembly technique is proposed to solve these problems. This technique is easy to put into effect, and the assembled nanostructures could improve the physical properties of the PSs so as to meet the requirement of PDT. In this concept, we focus on the construction of natural PSs and their derivatives nanostructures through molecular assembly technique to enhance PDT efficacy (Figure 1). Furthermore, current challenges and future perspectives of natural PSs and their derivatives for efficient PDT are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, 712046, Xianyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS, Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of Beijing, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS, Key Lab of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China
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9
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Okon E, Koval M, Wawruszak A, Slawinska-Brych A, Smolinska K, Shevera M, Stepulak A, Kukula-Koch W. Emodin-8- O-Glucoside-Isolation and the Screening of the Anticancer Potential against the Nervous System Tumors. Molecules 2023; 28:7366. [PMID: 37959784 PMCID: PMC10650745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin-8-O-glucoside (E-8-O-G) is a glycosylated derivative of emodin that exhibits numerous biological activities, including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, or anticancer activities. However, there are no reports on the activity of E-8-O-G against cancers of the nervous system. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of E-8-O-G in the SK-N-AS neuroblastoma, T98G human glioblastoma, and C6 mouse glioblastoma cancer cells. As a source of E-8-O-G the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. (Polygonaceae) was used. Thanks to the application of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) operated in the descending mode using a mixture of petroleum ether:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (4:5:4:5 v/v/v/v) and a subsequent purification with preparative HPLC, E-8-O-G was obtained in high purity in a sufficient quantity for the bioactivity tests. Assessment of the cancer cell viability and proliferation were performed with the MTT (3-(bromide 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium), CTG (CellTiter-Glo®) and BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) assays, respectively. E-8-O-G inhibits the viability and proliferation of SK-N-AS neuroblastoma, T98G human glioblastoma multiforme, and C6 mouse glioblastoma cells dose-dependently. E-8-O-G seems to be a promising natural antitumor compound in the therapy of nervous system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Okon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.W.)
| | - Maryna Koval
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Anna Wawruszak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.W.)
| | | | - Katarzyna Smolinska
- Chronic Wounds Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Myroslav Shevera
- M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2, Tereshchenkivska Str., 010601 Kyiv, Ukraine;
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (E.O.); (A.W.)
| | - Wirginia Kukula-Koch
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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