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Moura MS, Lozano AFQ, Tavares BM, Figueiredo TM, Franco de Barros JW, Valencise L, de Grava Kempinas W. Prenatal exposure to sertraline, associated or not with stress, can negatively program somatic and neurobehavioral development of female rats, and dysregulate reproductive function in adulthood. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 116:108336. [PMID: 36669626 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are prescribed to pregnant women for treating mental illnesses. Among the drugs of this class, sertraline (ST) is the antidepressant therapy recommended most frequently. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of gestational ST treatment on reproductive parameters and toxicological target organs of rat female offspring, as well as on somatic, reflex and neurobehavioral development, in a model of maternal adversity. Pregnant Wistar rats received vehicle (filtered water) or ST hydrochloride (20 mg/Kg/day diluted in vehicle) by oral gavage, associated or not with restraint stress for 1 h/day from gestational days 13-20. F1 female offspring was evaluated on reproductive parameters, body weight and somatic and reflex milestones from postnatal day (PND) 1. On PNDs 25 and 72, the elevated-plus-maze test was performed, while toxicological target organs were evaluated on PNDs 42 and 80. In utero exposure to ST, regardless of exposure to stress, reduced body weight at birth and affected the somatic development and estrous cycle. The absolute and relative thyroid weights were increased in Stress/ST group during puberty and adulthood, while the percentage of ovarian structures and the absolute uterine weight were altered in this group on PND 80. Prenatal exposure only to ST reduced initial body weight gain, delayed fur development and increased anxiety-like behavior on PND 25. Thus, this experimental study suggests that intrauterine exposure to ST disrupts the fetal environment and can negatively program serotonin-regulated processes. Furthermore, it impacts thyroid weight when associated with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Silva Moura
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Flávia Quiarato Lozano
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marques Tavares
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Thamíris Moreira Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Willian Franco de Barros
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Lethicia Valencise
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma de Grava Kempinas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Lozano AFQ, Moura MS, Tavares BM, Kempinas WDG. Exposure of pregnant rats to stress and/or sertraline: Side effects on maternal health and neurobehavioral development of male offspring. Life Sci 2021; 285:119960. [PMID: 34536495 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sertraline (SE) is one of the most prescribed medications for treating gestational depression, anxiety and stress. However, little is known about its effects on nervous-system development in offspring. Therefore, this study investigated the somatic, reflex and neurobehavioral development of rats exposed to SE during pregnancy, associated or not with stress. MAIN METHODS Pregnant Wistar rats were assigned to the following groups (n = 10-8 rats/group): CO - control animals administered filtered water by gavage; SE - animals administered 20 mg/kg SE by gavage; ST - animals subjected to restraining stress and administered filtered water; ST/SE - animals subjected to restraining stress and administered 20 mg/kg SE. The treatment was administered between gestational days (GD) 13 to 20. Somatic and reflex developments were investigated in the male offspring from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 21. The elevated plus maze was performed on PND 25 and 80. The open field and light/dark box test were performed on PND 90 and 100, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Body weight reduction and vaginal bleeding were observed in pregnant rats exposed to SE. The male offspring of the SE group showed delay in incisor eruption, fur development and negative geotaxis. In addition, the SE group was less exploratory (anxious personality) compared to the CO and ST groups. SIGNIFICANCE The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that sertraline not only impairs maternal health, but also, associated or not with stress, can compromise the somatic, reflex and neurobehavioral development of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Quiarato Lozano
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Silva Moura
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marques Tavares
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Biology and Toxicology, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Campos RDMM, Toscano AE, Gouveia HJCB, Lacerda DC, Pereira SDC, Paz IAADSG, Dantas Alves JS, Manhães-de-Castro R. Neonatal fluoxetine exposure delays reflex ontogeny, somatic development, and food intake similarly in male and female rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:490-498. [PMID: 32941740 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) acts as a neuromodulator and plays a critical role in brain development. Changes in 5-HT signaling during the perinatal period can affect neural development and may result in behavioral changes in adulthood; however, further investigations are necessary including both sexes to study possible differences. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of neonatal treatment with fluoxetine on the development of male and female offspring. The animals were divided into four groups according to sex and treatment. The experimental groups received fluoxetine at 10 mg·kg-1 (1 μL/g of body weight (bw)) and the animals of control group received saline solution 0.9% (1 μL/g of bw) from postnatal days 1-21. In the neonatal period, reflex ontogeny, somatic development, physical features, and food intake were recorded. In the postnatal period (until day 31) bw and post-weaning food intake were recorded. Chronic administration of fluoxetine in the neonatal period caused a delay in the reflex ontogeny and somatic development, as well as reduction of lactation, post-weaning bw, and post-weaning food intake in rats. No difference was found between the sexes. These changes reaffirm that serotonin plays an important role in regulating the plasticity of the brain during the early development period, but without sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Post-Graduation Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Sabrina da Conceição Pereira
- Post-Graduation in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Raul Manhães-de-Castro
- Studies in Nutrition and Phenotypic Plasticity, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Silva MG, Daros GC, Santos GM, Angelino IP, Bitencourt RM, Fortunato JJ. Impact of prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on the development of rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200837. [PMID: 33295581 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is infl uenced by several factors, genetic or environmental, which are essential in understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of some diseases. In this study, the aim was to investigate the impact of prenatal lipopolysaccharide exposure on the development of rats. Fifty pregnant rats received intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (100 µg/kg), or saline at the same dose, on the 9.5th day of pregnancy. The offspring of these rats were analyzed for indicators of brain and somatic development and maturation of physical characteristics. Refl ex ontogenesis was also analyzed by vibrissae placement, negative geotaxis, palmar grasp, precipice aversion, decubitus recovery and acceleration reaction. Administration of lipopolysaccharide on the 9.5th gestational day caused delayed opening of the auditory pavilion, reduction in the length of the tail, body, cranial axes, and body weight. Thus, maternal infections can interfere in the intrauterine environment, impairing functional and structural aspects of the central nervous system, as well as the maturation of physical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina G Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Daros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Isabella P Angelino
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Bitencourt
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurociência Comportamental, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - JucÉlia J Fortunato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Laboratório de Neurobiologia de Processos Inflamatórios e Metabólicos, Av. José Acácio Moreira, 787, Dehon, 88704-900 Tubarão, SC, Brazil
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Early life fluoxetine treatment causes long-term lean phenotype in skeletal muscle of rats exposed to maternal lard-based high-fat diet. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110727. [PMID: 32927255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a concern about early life exposure to Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI) in child development and motor system maturation. Little is known, however, about the interaction of environmental factors, such as maternal nutrition, associated with early exposure to SSRI. The increased maternal consumption of high-fat diets is worrisome and affects serotonin system development with repercussions in body phenotype. This study aimed to assess the short- and long-term effects of neonatal fluoxetine treatment on the body and skeletal muscle phenotype of rats exposed to a maternal lard-based high-fat (H) diet during the perinatal period. A maternal lard-based high-fat diet causes reduced birth weight, a short-term reduction in type IIA fibers in the soleus muscle, and in type IIB fibers in the Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscle, reducing Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in both muscles. In the long-term, the soleus showed reduced muscle weight, smaller area and perimeter of muscle fibers, while the EDL muscle showed reduced Citrate Synthase (CS) activity in offspring from the rats on the maternal lard-based high-fat diet. Early-life exposure to fluoxetine reduced body weight and growth and reduced soleus weight and enzymatic activity in young rats. Exposure to neonatal fluoxetine in adult rats caused a decreased body mass index, less food intake, and reduced muscle weight with reduced CS and LDH activity. Neonatal fluoxetine in young rats exposed to a maternal lard-based high-fat diet caused reduced body weight and growth, reduced soleus weight as well as area and perimeter of type I muscle fibers. In adulthood, there was a reduction in food intake, increased proportion of IIA type fibers, reduced area and perimeter of type IIB, and reduction in levels of CS activity in EDL muscle. Neonatal fluoxetine treatment in rats exposed to a maternal lard-based, high-fat diet induces a reduction in muscle weight, an increase in the proportion of oxidative fibers and greater oxidative enzymatic activity in adulthood.
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Perinatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor exposure and behavioral outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analyses of animal studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:53-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Souto TDS, Nakao FSN, Giriko CÁ, Dias CT, Cheberle AIDP, Lambertucci RH, Mendes-da-Silva C. Lard-rich and canola oil-rich high-fat diets during pregnancy promote rats’ offspring neurodevelopmental delay and behavioral disorders. Physiol Behav 2020; 213:112722. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Developmental Impairments of Rat Offspring with Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2746873. [PMID: 30581528 PMCID: PMC6276483 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2746873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maternal high levels of the redox active amino acid homocysteine—called hyperhomocysteinemia (hHCY)—can affect the health state of the progeny. The effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) treatment on rats with maternal hHCY remain unknown. In the present study, we characterized the physical development, reflex ontogeny, locomotion and exploratory activity, muscle strength, motor coordination, and brain redox state of pups with maternal hHCY and tested potential beneficial action of the H2S donor—sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS)—on these parameters. Our results indicate a significant decrease in litter size and body weight of pups from dams fed with methionine-rich diet. In hHCY pups, a delay in the formation of sensory-motor reflexes was observed. Locomotor activity tested in the open field by head rearings, crossed squares, and rearings of hHCY pups at all studied ages (P8, P16, and P26) was diminished. Exploratory activity was decreased, and emotionality was higher in rats with hHCY. Prenatal hHCY resulted in reduced muscle strength and motor coordination assessed by the paw grip endurance test and rotarod test. Remarkably, administration of NaHS to pregnant rats with hHCY prevented the observed deleterious effects of high homocysteine on fetus development. In rats with prenatal hHCY, the endogenous generation of H2S brain tissues was lower compared to control and NaHS administration restored the H2S level to control values. Moreover, using redox signaling assays, we found an increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation, and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the brain tissues of rats of the hHCY group. Notably, NaHS treatment restored the level of MDA and the activity of SOD and GPx. Our data suggest that H2S has neuroprotective/antioxidant effects against homocysteine-induced neurotoxicity providing a potential strategy for the prevention of developmental impairments in newborns.
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da L.D. Barros M, Manhães-de-Castro R, Alves DT, Quevedo OG, Toscano AE, Bonnin A, Galindo L. Long term effects of neonatal exposure to fluoxetine on energy balance: A systematic review of experimental studies. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 833:298-306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Hutchison SM, Mâsse LC, Pawluski JL, Oberlander TF. Perinatal selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) effects on body weight at birth and beyond: A review of animal and human studies. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 77:109-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Effects of Maternal Hyperhomocysteinemia on the Early Physical Development and Neurobehavioral Maturation of Rat Offspring. BIONANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-016-0326-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Perinatal reduction of functional serotonin transporters results in developmental delay. Neuropharmacology 2016; 109:96-111. [PMID: 27208789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While there is strong evidence from rodent and human studies that a reduction in serotonin transporter (5-HTT) function in early-life can increase the risk for several neuropsychiatric disorders in adulthood, the effects of reduced 5-HTT function on behavior across developmental stages are underinvestigated. To elucidate how perinatal pharmacological and lifelong genetic inactivation of the 5-HTT affects behavior across development, we conducted a battery of behavioral tests in rats perinatally exposed to fluoxetine or vehicle and in 5-HTT(-/-) versus 5-HTT(+/+) rats. We measured motor-related behavior, olfactory function, grooming behavior, sensorimotor gating, object directed behavior and novel object recognition in the first three postnatal weeks and if possible the tests were repeated in adolescence and adulthood. We also measured developmental milestones such as eye opening, reflex development and body weight. We observed that both pharmacological and genetic inactivation of 5-HTT resulted in a developmental delay. Except for hypo-locomotion, most of the observed early-life effects were normalized later in life. In adolescence and adulthood we observed object directed behavior and decreased novel object recognition in the 5-HTT(-/-) rats, which might be related to the lifelong inactivation of 5-HTT. Together, these data provide an important contribution to the understanding of the effects of perinatal and lifelong 5-HTT inactivation on behavior across developmental stages.
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Petridis T, Giannakopoulou D, Stamatopoulou V, Grafanaki K, Kostopoulos CG, Papadaki H, Malavaki CJ, Karamanos NK, Douroumi S, Papachristou D, Magoulas GE, Papaioannou D, Drainas D. Investigation on Toxicity and Teratogenicity in Rats of a Retinoid-Polyamine Conjugate with Potent Anti-Inflammatory Properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 107:32-44. [PMID: 26762583 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that N(1),N(12)-bis(all-trans-retinoyl)spermine (RASP), a retinoid analog, inhibits RNase P activity and angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane, demonstrates anti-tumor activity on prostate cancer cells, and acts as anti-inflammatory agent, being more effective and less toxic than all-trans retinoic acid. In an attempt to further characterize the biological profile of RASP, we tested its effects on organ toxicity and teratogenicity by daily oral gavage of RASP at a level of 50 mg/Kg of body weight in two generations of rats. We found that this compound does not induce changes to the body growth, the appearance of physical features, and the animal's reflexes. Additionally, no substantial histopathological lesions were found in brain, heart, lung, thymus, liver, thyroid gland, adrenal gland, pituitary gland, kidneys, spleen, skin, femora, prostate, testis, epididymis, vagina, uterus, and ovaries of RASP-treated animals. These results suggest RASP, as a promising lead compound for the treatment of several dermatological disorders and certain cancer types, has apparently minimal toxic side-effects as revealed in this two-generation reproduction study in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Petridis
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Katerina Grafanaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christina J Malavaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stathianna Douroumi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionysios Papachristou
- Department of Anatomy, Ηistology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - George E Magoulas
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dionissios Papaioannou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Denis Drainas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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Galindo LCM, Barros MDLD, Pinheiro IL, Santana RVDC, Matos RJB, Leandro CG, Souza SL, Castro RM. Neonatal serotonin reuptake inhibition reduces hypercaloric diet effects on fat mass and hypothalamic gene expression in adult rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2015; 46:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuella da Luz Duarte Barros
- Master Student in Nutrition, Physical Activity and Phenotypic Plasticity, CAVFederal University of Pernambuco55608‐680VitóriaStoAntãoBrazil
| | - Isabeli Lins Pinheiro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAVFederal University of Pernambuco55608‐680VitóriaStoAntãoBrazil
| | | | - Rhowena Jane Barbosa Matos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAVFederal University of Pernambuco55608‐680VitóriaStoAntãoBrazil
| | - Carol Góis Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAVFederal University of Pernambuco55608‐680VitóriaStoAntãoBrazil
| | - Sandra Lopes Souza
- Department of AnatomyFederal University of Pernambuco50670‐901RecifePEBrazil
| | - Raul Manhães Castro
- Department of NutritionFederal University of Pernambuco50670‐901RecifeBrazil
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Impact of neonatal sertraline exposure on the post-myocardial infarction outcomes of adult male mice. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:479-84. [PMID: 23921310 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182a4db90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal exposure to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) leads to decreased left ventricular volumes and sympathetic activation in adult mice. We hypothesized this neonatal SSRI exposure-induced small left heart syndrome would increase post-myocardial infarction (MI) morbidity and mortality. C57BL/6 mice received saline or sertraline (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on postnatal days 1-14. At 5 months, male mice underwent coronary artery ligation and were monitored by radiotelemetry until death or 4 weeks after ligation. After ligation, SSRI-exposed mice had increased heart rates (SSRI, 516 ± 13 bpm; control, 470 ± 15 bpm; P < 0.05). SSRI-exposed mice had significant reductions in left ventricular systolic volumes both before and after coronary ligation (SSRI: baseline = 20 ± 3 μL, post-MI = 37 ± 10 μL; control: baseline = 30 ± 3 μL, post-MI = 65 ± 23 μL). Post-MI echocardiography showed significantly decreased ejection fraction in control mice (baseline = 60% ± 4%, post-MI = 41% ± 2%, P < 0.01) but not the SSRI-exposed mice (baseline = 65% ± 3%, post-MI = 53% ± 7%). Neonatal SSRI exposure did not significantly alter post-MI survival. We conclude that the preexisting SSRI-induced small left heart syndrome may provide protection from post-MI ventricular dilation.
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Active maternal phenotype is established before breeding and leads offspring to align growth trajectory outcomes and reflex ontogeny. Physiol Behav 2014; 129:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Lamichhane K, Garcia SN, Huggett DB, Deangelis DL, La Point TW. Exposures to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline hydrochloride, over multiple generations: changes in life history traits in Ceriodaphnia dubia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2014; 101:124-130. [PMID: 24507137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been reported to range from low parts per trillion to parts per billion levels in surface waters, wastewater effluents, and sediments. These low levels have led to concern for their potential long-term risks to the survival, growth, and reproduction of aquatic organisms. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of sertraline on the life history traits of Ceriodaphnia dubia over the course of three generations under environmentally realistic concentrations. Acute toxicity of sertraline in C. dubia offspring resulted in a 48h median effective concentration of 126µgL(-1). Under chronic exposure, the lowest concentration to affect fecundity and growth was at 53.4µgL(-1) in the first two generations. These parameters become more sensitive during the third generation where the LOEC was 4.8µgL(-1). The median effective concentrations (EC50) for the number of offspring per female, offspring body size, and dry weight were 17.2, 21.2, and 26.2µgL(-1), respectively. Endpoints measured in this study demonstrate that chronic exposure of C. dubia to sertraline leads to effects that occur at concentrations only an order of magnitude higher than predicted environmental concentrations. However, this study also demonstrates that multigenerational effects should be considered in chronic exposure studies because standard toxicity tests do not account for increases in sensitivity in successive generations to toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Lamichhane
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Santos N Garcia
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Duane B Huggett
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
| | - Donald L Deangelis
- US Geological Survey, Southeast Ecological Science Center, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA.
| | - Thomas W La Point
- Institute of Applied Sciences, Department of Environmental Science, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA.
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Mendes-da-Silva C, Giriko CÁ, Mennitti LV, Hosoume LF, Souto TDS, Silva AVD. Maternal high-fat diet during pregnancy or lactation changes the somatic and neurological development of the offspring. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2014; 72:136-44. [DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20130220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The maternal exposure to high fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and breastfeeding have been considered an important inducer of alterations in offspring normal programming, both in animals and humans, and may disturb brain development. In the present study we investigated the somatic and sensory-motor development of the offspring from rat dams fed a HFD, compared with dams fed a control diet, during pregnancy or lactation. Indicators of the body growth, physical maturation, and reflex ontogeny were evaluated. Offspring of dams fed a HFD showed reduced weight and body growth, delayed physical maturation, and delayed maturation of the physiological reflexes, such as vibrissa placing, auditory startle response, and free-fall righting. Our findings suggest that maternal HFD during pregnancy or lactation modifies somatic and neurological development of the offspring, possibly increasing the risk of neuroendocrine and neuropsychiatric disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laís Vales Mennitti
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Giriko CÁ, Andreoli CA, Mennitti LV, Hosoume LF, Souto TDS, Silva AVD, Mendes-da-Silva C. Delayed physical and neurobehavioral development and increased aggressive and depression-like behaviors in the rat offspring of dams fed a high-fat diet. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:731-9. [PMID: 24071008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Early maternal exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) may influence the brain development of rat offspring and consequently affect physiology and behavior. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the somatic, physical, sensory-motor and neurobehavioral development of the offspring of dams fed an HFD (52% calories from fat, mainly saturated) and the offspring of dams fed a control diet (CD - 14.7% fat) during lactation from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day (P). Maternal body weights were evaluated during lactation. In the progeny, somatic (body weight, head and lengths axes) and physical (ear unfolding, auditory conduit opening, eruption of the incisors and eye opening) development and the consolidation of reflex responses (palm grasp, righting, vibrissa placing, cliff avoidance, negative geotaxis, auditory startle response and free-fall righting) were determined during suckling. Depressive and aggressive behaviors were tested with the forced swimming test (FST) and the "foot-shock" test on days 60 and 110, respectively. The open field test was used to assess motor function. Compared to controls, the HFD-pups exhibited decreases in body weight (P7-P21) and body length (P4-P18), but by days P71 and P95, these pups were overweight. All indicators of physical maturation and the consolidation of the following reflexes, vibrissa placing, auditory startle responses, free-fall righting and negative geotaxis, were delayed in HFD-progeny. In addition, the pups from HFD dam rats also exhibited reduced swimming and climbing times in the FST and increased aggressive behavior. No changes in locomotion were observed. These findings show developmental and neurobehavioral changes in the rat offspring of dams fed the HFD during lactation and suggest possible disruption of physical and sensory-motor maturation and increased susceptibility to depressive and aggressive-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ássuka Giriko
- Department of Biosciences - Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), 11060-001 Santos, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Master in Health Sciences/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), 11060-001 Santos, Brazil
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20
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Balassa T, Varró P, Elek S, Drozdovszky O, Szemerszky R, Világi I, Bárdos G. Changes in synaptic efficacy in rat brain slices following extremely low‐frequency magnetic field exposure at embryonic and early postnatal age. Int J Dev Neurosci 2013; 31:724-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Balassa
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Petra Varró
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Szilvia Elek
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Orsolya Drozdovszky
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Renáta Szemerszky
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute for Health Promotion and Sport SciencesEötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and PsychologyBudapestHungary
| | - Ildikó Világi
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - György Bárdos
- Department of Physiology and NeurobiologyInstitute of BiologyFaculty of ScienceEötvös Loránd UniversityBudapestHungary
- Institute for Health Promotion and Sport SciencesEötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Education and PsychologyBudapestHungary
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21
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Anselmo CWSF, Santos AAA, Freire CMA, Ferreira LMP, Cabral Filho JE, Catanho MTJA, Medeiros MDC. Influence of a 60 Hz, 3 μT, electromagnetic field on the reflex maturation of wistar rats offspring from mothers fed a regional basic diet during pregnancy. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 9:201-6. [PMID: 17263086 DOI: 10.1080/10284150600929680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe how the exposition of the pregnant rats to the electromagnetic field (EMF), with frequency of 60 Hz, magnetic field of 3 microT for 2 h per day and/or using the so-called regional basic diet (RBD) influenced the reflex maturation in their offspring. Four groups were formed: Group A (casein), B (casein and EMF), C (RBD) and D (RBD and EMF). The diet manipulation occurred during the pregnancy. The reflexes--assessed daily between 12:00 and 14:00--were: palm grasp (PG), righting reflex (RR), cliff avoidance (CA), vibrissae placing (VP), negative geotaxis (NG), auditory startle (AS) and free-fall righting (FFR). The association between EMF and deficient diet caused a delay in all reflexes when compared with Group A. When the diets were compared with both groups exposed to EMF, the delay occurred in the RR, VP, NG and CA in Group D. In the Groups C and A, the delay was observed in RR, CA, VP, NG, AS and PG. In relation to the EMF, Group B differed from Group A in CA, AS, FFR and PG and Group D differed from C in the PG. In conclusion, all the reflexes studied in this research were delayed by the association of the EMF with undernutrition during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline W S F Anselmo
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, CDU, Recife, PE CEP: 50670-901, Brazil.
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Neonatal SSRI Exposure Programs a Hypermetabolic State in Adult Mice. J Nutr Metab 2012; 2012:431574. [PMID: 22570769 PMCID: PMC3335249 DOI: 10.1155/2012/431574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy complicates up to 10% of pregnancies. During therapy, SSRIs exert pleiotropic antidepressant, anorexigenic, and neurotrophic effects. Intrauterine SSRI exposure has been modeled by neonatal administration to developmentally immature rodents, and it has paradoxically elicited features of adult depression. We hypothesized neonatal SSRI exposure likewise programs a rebound hypermetabolic state in adult mice. Methods. C57BL/6 pups were randomized to saline or sertraline (5 mg/kg/d) from P1–P14. Because estrogen increases tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) expression, a subset of female mice underwent sham surgery or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX). Metabolic rate was determined by indirect calorimetry. Results. In both male and female mice, neonatal SSRI exposure increased adult caloric intake and metabolic rate. SSRI-exposed female mice had significantly decreased adult weight with a relative increase in brain weight and melatonin excretion, independent of ovarian status. Cerebral cortex TPH2 expression was increased in SSRI-exposed male mice but decreased in OVX SSRI-exposed female mice. Conclusions. SSRI exposure during a critical neurodevelopmental window increases adult caloric intake and metabolic rate. Ovarian status modulated central TPH2 expression, but not adult energy balance, suggesting programmed neural connectivity or enhanced melatonin production may play a more important role in the post-SSRI hypermetabolic syndrome.
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Maternal low-protein diet-induced delayed reflex ontogeny is attenuated by moderate physical training during gestation in rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 107:372-7. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511002947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of moderate- to low-intensity physical training during gestation on reflex ontogeny in neonate rats whose mothers were undernourished. Virgin female Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: untrained (NT, n 7); trained (T, n 7); untrained with a low-protein diet (NT+LP, n 7); trained with a low-protein diet (T+LP, n 4). Trained rats were subjected to a protocol of moderate physical training on a treadmill over a period of 4 weeks (5 d/week and 60 min/d, at 65 % of VO2max). After confirming the pregnancy, the intensity and duration of the exercise were reduced. Low-protein groups were provided with an 8 % casein diet, and controls were provided with a 17 % casein diet. Their respective offspring were evaluated (during the 10th–17th days of postnatal life) in terms of physical feature maturation, somatic growth and reflex ontogeny. Pups born to mothers provided with the low-protein diet during gestation and lactation showed delayed physical feature and reflex maturation and a deficit in somatic growth when compared with controls. However, most of these deficiencies were attenuated in pups of undernourished mothers undergoing training. In conclusion, physical training during gestation attenuates the effects of perinatal undernutrition on some patterns of maturation in the central nervous system during development.
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24
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Silva CMD, Gonçalves L, Manhaes-de-Castro R, Nogueira MI. Postnatal fluoxetine treatment affects the development of serotonergic neurons in rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 483:179-83. [PMID: 20696211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate morphological changes in the serotonergic neurons/terminals in the dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nuclei and on the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in neonatal rats treated from the 1st to the 21st postnatal day with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg sc, daily) or drug vehicle (0.9% saline 1 ml/kg). The results show that postnatal chronic treatment with fluoxetine promoted: (1) a smaller body weight increase during the pre-weaning period; (2) smaller number of 5-HT neurons in the DR; (3) smaller 5-HT neuronal cell bodies (area, perimeter and diameter) in the DR and the MnR and (4) diminished serotonergic terminals in the DG. These data suggest that the development of the serotonergic system was impaired and that early exposure to fluoxetine damaged the morphology of 5-HT neurons in young adult rats. While these findings are consistent with other work, more studies are needed to better clarify the effects of postnatal chronic treatment with fluoxetine on the serotonergic system and, consequently, on the functions modulated by serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Mendes da Silva
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo/UNIFESP (Campus Baixada Santista), 11060-001 Santos, Brazil.
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25
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Carvalho-Santos J, Queirós-Santos A, Morais GL, Santana LHS, Brito MG, Araújo RCS, Manhães-de-Castro R, Deiró TCBDJ, Barreto-Medeiros JM. Efeito do tratamento com triptofano sobre parâmetros do comportamento alimentar em ratos adultos submetidos à desnutrição neonatal. REV NUTR 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-52732010000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Investigou-se os efeitos do tratamento com triptofano sobre o consumo alimentar em ratos adultos, submetidos ou não a desnutrição precoce. MÉTODOS: Sessenta e quatro ratos Wistar machos foram divididos em nutridos (n=32, caseína=17%) e desnutridos (n=32, caseína=8%), de acordo com a dieta materna empregada no período de lactação. Após o desmame, todos os ratos receberam dieta com 23% de proteína. Pesos corporais foram avaliados no sétimo, vigésimo primeiro e septuagésimo dias de vida. Aos setenta dias de idade, cada grupo nutricional foi dividido em subgrupos: Nutrido-Salina (n=16) e Nutrido-Triptofano (n=16), Desnutrido-Salina (n=16) e Desnutrido-Triptofano (n=16). Os grupos receberam diariamente 1,0mL/100g de triptofano, na dose de 50mg/kgP ou salina (0,9%NaCl), durante 14 dias. Neste período foram realizados os estudos dos parâmetros do comportamento alimentar. Posteriormente obteve-se a média do consumo alimentar relativo e a média do ganho de peso relativo. As análises estatísticas foram feitas utilizando os testes t Student e ANOVA seguido de Tukey, com p<0,05. RESULTADOS: As ninhadas de mães alimentadas com dieta hipoproteica mantiveram pesos inferiores comparados com as ninhadas nutridas (p<0,01) até os setenta dias de vida. Os ratos nutridos tratados com triptofano (M=6,88, DP=0,05) reduziram a ingestão alimentar comparados aos nutridos salina (M=7,27, DP=0,08) (p<0,01). Contudo, não houve efeito sobre o ganho de peso. Entre os desnutridos nenhuma diferença foi encontrada. CONCLUSÃO: Nesse estudo, a restrição proteica neonatal alterou a evolução ponderal em ratos. Além disso, a desnutrição precoce tornou os ratos adultos resistentes aos efeitos inibitórios do triptofano sobre a ingestão alimentar.
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26
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Anselmo CWSF, Silva TL, Holanda TG, Prado LVS, Cabral-Filho JE, Catanho MTJA, Medeiros MC. Influence of a 60 Hz, 3 µT, electromagnetic field on the somatic maturation of wistar rat offspring fed a regional basic diet during pregnancy. BRAZ J BIOL 2008; 68:641-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-69842008000300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to observe how the exposition of pregnant rats to an electromagnetic field (EMF), with frequency of 60 Hz, and a magnetic field of 3 µT for 2 hours per day and/or using the so-called Regional Basic Diet (RBD), influenced the somatic maturation in their offspring. Four groups were formed: Group A (casein), B (casein and EMF), C (RBD) and D (RBD and EMF). The diet manipulation occurred during pregnancy. The somatic maturation indexes - assessed daily between 12:00 AM and 2:00 PM - were: Eye Opening (EO), Auricle Opening (AO), Auditory Canal Opening (ACO), Low Incisor Eruption (LIE), and Upper Incisor Eruption (UIE). The association between EMF and deficient diet caused a delay in all Somatic Maturation Indexes (SMI) and the RBD caused delay only in the AO. Furthermore, the EMF caused delay in AO, ACO, LIE. In relation to the body weight, the EMF associated with the deficient diet caused change in the twenty-first day of life. The RBD, during pregnancy, caused lower body weight in the offspring in the first and third day of life. The body weight of the offspring whose mothers were fed casein and exposed to the EMF during pregnancy was lower in the third and sixth day of life. In conclusion, the EMF associated with under-nutrition caused delay in all SMI. In relation to the body weight, the EMF associated with under-nutrition caused a decrease in the body weight at the sixth day of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - TL. Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - LVS. Prado
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
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27
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Barão AAS, Bellot RG, Dorce VAC. Developmental effects of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on the rat offspring. Brain Res Bull 2008; 76:499-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Do malnutrition and fluoxetine neonatal treatment program alterations in heart morphology? Life Sci 2008; 82:1131-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Deiró TCBDJ, Carvalho J, Nascimento ED, Medeiros JMB, Cajuhi F, Ferraz-Pereira KN, Manhães-de-Castro R. Neonatal exposure to citalopram, a serotonin selective reuptake inhibitor, programs a delay in the reflex ontogeny in rats. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2008; 66:736-40. [DOI: 10.1590/s0004-282x2008000500025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin influences the growth and development of the nervous system, as well as its behavioral manifestations. The possibility exists that increased brain serotonin availability in young animals modulates their neuro-behavioral responses. This study investigated the body weight gain and reflex ontogeny of neonatal rats treated during the suckling period with two doses of citalopram (5 mg, or 10 mg/kg, sc, daily). The time of the appearance of reflexes (palm grasp righting, free-fall righting, vibrissa placing, auditory startle response, negative geotaxis and cliff avoidance) as well as the body weight evolution were recorded. In general, a delay in the time of reflex development and a reduced weight gain were observed in drug-treated animals. These findings suggest that serotoninergic mechanisms play a role in modulating body weight gain and the maturation of most reflex responses during the perinatal period in rats.
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Vitalone A, Catalani A, Chiodi V, Cinque C, Fattori V, Goldoni M, Matteucci P, Poli D, Zuena AR, Costa LG. Neurobehavioral assessment of rats exposed to low doses of PCB126 and methyl mercury during development. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2008; 25:103-113. [PMID: 21783843 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2007.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 09/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological and laboratory studies have suggested that polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and methyl mercury (MeHg) may have additive or synergistic effects on CNS function. Aim of this study was to characterize the effects of exposure to low levels of MeHg (0.5mg/kgday in drinking water) and PCB126 (100ng/kgday in food), alone and in combination, on neurobehavioral development in Wistar rats. Dams were treated from gestational day 7 to post-natal day (PND) 21. Animals were tested for developmental landmarks and reflexes (PND1-21), attention deficits (PND40), locomotor activity (PND30, 110), spatial learning (PND75), coordination and balance (PND90), object discrimination (PND80), anxiety (PND100), and conditioned learning (PND110). Parameters related to pregnancy, sex ratio at birth, and physical development (at weaning) did not differ among groups, though PCB126 decreased number of pups at birth. A slight delay in negative geotaxis was found in female rats in all treatment groups. No significant effects were seen in attention, coordination and balance, object discrimination, and spatial and conditioned learning. Increased motor activity was present in PCB126-treated male and in MeHg+PCB-treated female rats in the elevated plus maze test, and in PCB126-treated male rats in the open field test (PND110). The results do not support the hypothesis that co-exposure to MeHg and PCB126 results in additive or synergistic effects. This finding is in agreement with more recent in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabella Vitalone
- Department of Human Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Sciences, University of Parma Medical School, Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy
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