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Zhu C, Tao H, Rong S, Xiao L, Li X, Jiang S, Guo B, Wang L, Ding J, Gao C, Chang H, Sun T, Wang F. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Exendin-4 Ameliorates Cocaine-Mediated Behavior by Inhibiting Toll-Like Receptor 4 Signaling in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:694476. [PMID: 34349653 PMCID: PMC8327264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.694476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exendin-4 (Ex4), a long-lasting glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, was reported to exert favourable actions on inhibiting cocaine-associated rewarding and reinforcing effects of drug in animal models of addiction. However, the therapeutic potential of different dose of GLP-1 receptor agonist Ex4 in different behavioral paradigms and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. Herein, we firstly investigated the effects of Ex4 on cocaine-induced condition place preference (CPP) as well as extinction and reinstatement in male C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, we sought to elucidate the underlying pharmacological mechanism of these actions of Ex4. The paradigm of cocaine-induced CPP was established using 20 mg/kg cocaine or saline alternately during conditioning, while the reinstatement paradigm was modeled using 10 mg/kg cocaine on the reinstatement day. Different dose of Ex4 was administrated intraperitoneally either during conditioning or during extinction state or only on the test day. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the potential effects of Ex4 on maladaptive behaviors of cocaine, the TLR4-related inflammation within the hippocampus was observed by immunofluorescence staining, and the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-1β were detected by Western blotting. As a consequence, systemic administration of different dose of Ex4 was sufficient to inhibit the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced CPP, facilitate the extinction of cocaine-associated reward and attenuate reinstatement of cocaine-induced behavior. Furthermore, Ex4 treatment diminished expression levels of TLR4, TNF-α, and IL-1β, which were up-regulated by cocaine exposure. Altogether, our results indicated that Ex4 effectively ameliorated cocaine-induced behaviors likely through neurobiological mechanisms partly attributable to the inhibition of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β in mice. Consequently, our findings improved our understanding of the efficacy of Ex4 for the amelioration of cocaine-induced behavior and suggested that Ex4 may be applied as a drug candidate for cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shikuo Rong
- Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Second Hospital, Chendu, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xinxiao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shucai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Baorui Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caibing Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haigang Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebro Cranial Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Franco-García A, Hidalgo JM, Fernández-Gómez FJ, Ribeiro Do Couto B, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Distinct Regulation of Dopamine D3 Receptor in the Basolateral Amygdala and Dentate Gyrus during the Reinstatement of Cocaine CPP Induced by Drug Priming and Social Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3100. [PMID: 33803578 PMCID: PMC8002864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Relapse in the seeking and intake of cocaine is one of the main challenges when treating its addiction. Among the triggering factors for the recurrence of cocaine use are the re-exposure to the drug and stressful events. Cocaine relapse engages the activity of memory-related nuclei, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), which are responsible for emotional and episodic memories. Moreover, D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists have recently arisen as a potential treatment for preventing drug relapse. Thus, we have assessed the impact of D3R blockade in the expression of some dopaminergic markers and the activity of the mTOR pathway, which is modulated by D3R, in the BLA and DG during the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) evoked by drug priming and social stress. Reinstatement of cocaine CPP paralleled an increasing trend in D3R and dopamine transporter (DAT) levels in the BLA. Social stress, but not drug-induced reactivation of cocaine memories, was prevented by systemic administration of SB-277011-A (a selective D3R antagonist), which was able, however, to impede D3R and DAT up-regulation in the BLA during CPP reinstatement evoked by both stress and cocaine. Concomitant with cocaine CPP reactivation, a diminution in mTOR phosphorylation (activation) in the BLA and DG occurred, which was inhibited by D3R blockade in both nuclei before the social stress episode and only in the BLA when CPP reinstatement was provoked by a cocaine prime. Our data, while supporting a main role for D3R signalling in the BLA in the reactivation of cocaine memories evoked by social stress, indicate that different neural circuits and signalling mechanisms might mediate in the reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviours depending upon the triggering stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Juana M. Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francisco José Fernández-Gómez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Department of Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; (R.G.-B.); (A.F.-G.); (J.M.H.); (F.J.F.-G.)
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Franco-García A, Hidalgo JM, Fernández-Gómez F, Milanés MV, Núñez C. Blockade of D3 receptor prevents changes in DAT and D3R expression in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit produced by social stress- and cocaine prime-induced reinstatement of cocaine-CPP. J Psychopharmacol 2020; 34:1300-1315. [PMID: 32648812 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120936468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cocaine may cause persistent changes in the brain, which are more apparent in DA transporter (DAT) and DA receptor availability within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). On the other hand, the DA D3 receptor (D3R) has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic target for substance use disorders. AIMS This study aims to assess the impact of selective D3R antagonism on DAT and D3R after reinstatement of cocaine preference (CPP) induced by an acute session of social defeat stress (SDS) and a cocaine prime in mice after a period of abstinence. METHODS Male mice were conditioned with 25 mg/kg of cocaine for 4 days. After 60 days of extinction training mice were pretreated with the selective D3R antagonist SB-277011A before the re-exposure to a priming dose of cocaine or to a single SDS session. CPP scores were determined and levels of DAT, D3R, phospho Akt (pAkt) and phospho mTOR (pmTOR) were assessed in the NAc shell. RESULTS An increase in DAT and D3R expression was seen in the NAc after both a cocaine prime- and SDS-induced reinstatement of CPP. Pretreatment with SB-277011A blocked elevated DAT and D3R expression as well as SDS-induced reinstatement. By contrast, the blockade of D3R did not modified the cocaine prime-induced CPP. Changes in DAT and D3R expression do not seem to occur via the canonic pathway involving Akt/mTOR. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the selective D3R antagonist ability to inhibit DAT and D3R up-regulation could represent a possible mechanism for its behavioral effects in cocaine-memories reinstatement induced by social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Aurelio Franco-García
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana M Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Gómez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Murcia, Spain.,Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB), Avda. Buenavista, Murcia, Spain
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Duart-Castells L, Blanco-Gandía MC, Ferrer-Pérez C, Puster B, Pubill D, Miñarro J, Escubedo E, Rodríguez-Arias M. Cross-reinstatement between 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) and cocaine using conditioned place preference. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 100:109876. [PMID: 31991149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a new psychoactive substance (NPS) considered to be a cocaine-like psychostimulant. The substitution of an established illicit drug as cocaine with an NPS is a pattern of use reported among drug users. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cocaine and MDPV in the reinstatement of the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, in order to establish whether there is cross-reinstatement between the two psychostimulants. Four experimental groups of male OF1 mice were subjected to the CPP paradigm: MDPV-MDPV, Cocaine-Cocaine, Cocaine-MDPV, and MDPV-Cocaine. The first drug refers to the substance with which the animals were conditioned (cocaine 10 mg/kg or MDPV 2 mg/kg) and the s to the substance with which preference was reinstated. In parallel, G9a, ΔFosB, CB1 receptor, CDK5, Arc and c-Fos were determined in ventral striatum. MDPV induced CPP at doses from 1 to 4 mg/kg. Although 2 mg/kg MDPV induced a stronger psychostimulant effect than 10 mg/kg cocaine, both doses seemed to be equivalent in their rewarding properties. However, memories associated with MDPV required more time to be extinguished. MDPV and cocaine restore drug-seeking behavior with respect to each other, although relapse into drug-taking is always more pronounced with the conditioning drug. The fact that MDPV-treated mice show increased ΔFosB protein levels correlates with its longer extinction time and points to the activation of neuroplasticity mechanisms that persist for at least 12 days. Moreover, in these animals, a priming-dose of cocaine can trigger significant neuroplasticity, implying a high vulnerability to cocaine abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Duart-Castells
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Blanco-Gandía
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/ Ciudad Escolar s/n, 44003 Teruel, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Brigitte Puster
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Pubill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Cocaine-induced changes in CX 3CL1 and inflammatory signaling pathways in the hippocampus: Association with IL1β. Neuropharmacology 2019; 162:107840. [PMID: 31704270 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine induces neuroinflammatory response and interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) is suggested a final effector for many cocaine-induced inflammatory signals. Recently, the chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) has been reported to regulate hippocampus-dependent neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity via CX3C-receptor 1 (CX3CR1), but little is known about the impact of cocaine. This study is mainly focused on the characterization of CX3CL1, IL1β and relevant inflammatory signal transduction pathways in the hippocampus in acute and repeated cocaine-treated male mice. Complementarily, the rewarding properties of cocaine were also assessed in Cx3cr1-knockout (KO) mice using a conditioned place preference (CPP). We observed significant increases in CX3CL1 and IL1β concentrations after cocaine, although repeated cocaine produced an enhancement of CX3CL1 concentrations. CX3CL1 and IL1β concentrations were positively correlated in acute (r = +0.61) and repeated (r = +0.82) cocaine-treated mice. Inflammatory signal transduction pathways were assessed. Whereas acute cocaine-treated mice showed transient increases in p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2 and p-p65/p65 NFκB ratios after cocaine injection, repeated cocaine-treated mice showed transient increases in p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2, p-p38/p38 MAPK, p-NFκB p65/NF-κB p65 and p-CREB/CREB ratios. Baseline p-p38/p38 MAPK and p-CREB/CREB ratios were downregulated in repeated cocaine-treated mice. Regarding the cocaine-induced CPP, Cx3cr1-KO mice showed a notably impaired extinction but no differences during acquisition and reinstatement. These results indicate that cocaine induces alterations in CX3CL1 concentrations, which are associated with IL1β concentrations, and activates convergent inflammatory pathways in the hippocampus. Furthermore, the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling could mediate the processes involved in the extinction of cocaine-induced CPP.
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Guerrero-Bautista R, Do Couto BR, Hidalgo JM, Cárceles-Moreno FJ, Molina G, Laorden ML, Núñez C, Milanés MV. Modulation of stress- and cocaine prime-induced reinstatement of conditioned place preference after memory extinction through dopamine D3 receptor. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:308-320. [PMID: 30707990 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that dopamine (DA) D3 receptor (DAD3R) antagonists appear highly promising in attenuating cocaine reward and relapse in preclinical models of addiction. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the selective DAD3R antagonist SB-277011-A on the reinstatement of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) produced by a priming dose of cocaine, by social defeat stress and by two kinds of physiological stressors (restraint and tail pinch) in male adult mice. We also explored reinstatement-related plasma corticosterone levels (as marker of stress response) and the effects of blocking DAD3R. Administration of SB-277011-A (24 or 48 mg/kg i.p.) did not modify conditioned reinstatement of cocaine seeking triggered by cocaine prime. By contrast, we found that the vulnerability to reinstatement of the CPP of defeated animals that have undergone CPP extinction was abolished by the DAD3R antagonist (24 mg/kg) given 30 min before the test session. Reactivation of the CPP response produced by physiological stress stimuli was also attenuated by SB-277011-A (48 mg/kg i.p.). On the other hand, the blockade of DAD3R significantly prevented the increased corticosterone release during reinstatement of cocaine-induced CPP that was seen in social defeated animals, in mice suffering physiological stress and after cocaine prime. Present results demonstrate a modulation by DAD3R of the reactivation of the incentive value of cocaine-associated cues induced by social and physiological stress stimuli, which was associated to a glucocorticoid-dependent mechanism. Our results also point to a possible potential therapeutic use of selective DAD3R antagonists for the prevention of stress-induced cocaine-seeking and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Guerrero-Bautista
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Ribeiro Do Couto
- Department of Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juana M Hidalgo
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Cárceles-Moreno
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - M Luisa Laorden
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Cristina Núñez
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
| | - M Victoria Milanés
- Group of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Murcia Research Institute of Health Sciences (IMIB-Arrixaca), Avda. Buenavista, 30120 Murcia, Spain.
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Ferrer-Pérez C, Castro-Zavala A, Luján MÁ, Filarowska J, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Valverde O, Rodríguez-Arias M. Oxytocin prevents the increase of cocaine-related responses produced by social defeat. Neuropharmacology 2018; 146:50-64. [PMID: 30448423 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) plays a critical role in the regulation of social and emotional behaviors. OXT plays a role in stress response and in drug reward, but to date no studies have evaluated its implication in the long-lasting increase of the motivational effects of cocaine induced by repeated social defeat (RSD). During the social defeat procedure, 1 mg/kg of OXT was administered 30 min before each episode of RSD. Three weeks after the last defeat, the effects of cocaine on the conditioned place preference (CPP), locomotor sensitization and the self-administration (SA) paradigms were evaluated. The influence of OXT on the levels of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum and hippocampus was also measured. Our results confirm that raising the levels of OXT during social defeat stress can block the long-lasting effects of this type of stress. OXT counteracts the anxiety induced by social defeat and modifies BDNF levels in all the structures we have studied. Moreover, OXT prevents RSD-induced increases in the motivational effects of cocaine. Administration of OXT before each social defeat blocked the social defeat-induced increment in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine in the CPP, favored the extinction of cocaine-associated memories in both the CPP and SA, and decreased reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior in the SA. In conclusion, the long-lasting effects of RSD are counteracted by administering OXT prior to stress, and changes in BDNF expression may underlie these protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Unit of Research on Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Adriana Castro-Zavala
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Luján
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joanna Filarowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Raúl Ballestín
- Unit of Research on Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unit of Research on Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Valverde
- Neurobiology of Behavior Research Group (GReNeC-NeuroBio), Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unit of Research on Psychobiology of Drug Dependence, Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Arias M, Montagud-Romero S, Guardia Carrión AM, Ferrer-Pérez C, Pérez-Villalba A, Marco E, López Gallardo M, Viveros MP, Miñarro J. Social stress during adolescence activates long-term microglia inflammation insult in reward processing nuclei. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206421. [PMID: 30365534 PMCID: PMC6203396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of social stress during adolescence is associated with higher vulnerability to drug use. Increases in the acquisition of cocaine self-administration, in the escalation of cocaine-seeking behavior, and in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine have been observed in rodents exposed to repeated social defeat (RSD). In addition, prolonged or severe stress induces a proinflammatory state with microglial activation and increased cytokine production. The aim of the present work was to describe the long-term effects induced by RSD during adolescence on the neuroinflammatory response and synaptic structure by evaluating different glial and neuronal markers. In addition to an increase in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine, our results showed that RSD in adolescence produced inflammatory reactivity in microglia that is prolonged into adulthood, affecting astrocytes and neurons of two reward-processing areas of the brain (the prelimbic cortex, and the nucleus accumbens core). Considered as a whole these results suggest that social stress experience modulates vulnerability to suffer a loss of glia-supporting functions and neuronal functional synaptic density due to drug consumption in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Villalba
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Marco
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María-Paz Viveros
- Department of physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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Reguilón MD, Montagud-Romero S, Ferrer-Pérez C, Roger-Sánchez C, Aguilar MA, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Dopamine D 2 receptors mediate the increase in reinstatement of the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine induced by acute social defeat. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 799:48-57. [PMID: 28132915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Social stress modifies the activity of brain areas involved in the rewarding effects of psychostimulants, inducing neuroadaptations in the dopaminergic mesolimbic system and modifying the sensitivity of dopamine receptors. In the present study we evaluated the effect of the dopamine D1- and D2-like receptor antagonists (SCH23390 and raclopride, respectively) on the short-time effects of acute social defeat (ASD). Male OF1 mice were socially defeated before each conditioning session of the conditioned place preference (CPP) induced by 1mg/kg or 25mg/kg of cocaine plus the corresponding dopamine antagonist. A final experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the dopamine antagonists on the CPP induced by 3mg/kg of cocaine with or without a stress experience. Mice exposed to ASD showed an increase in reinstatement of the conditioned reinforcing effects of cocaine that was blocked by all of the dopamine receptor antagonists. Blockade of dopamine D2-like receptors with raclopride specifically prevented the effects of stress without affecting the rewarding properties of cocaine. However, SCH23390 inhibited cocaine-induced preference in the control groups and even induced aversion in defeated mice conditioned with the lower dose of cocaine. Moreover, the lowest dose of SCH23390 blocked the rewarding effects of 3mg/kg of cocaine-induced CPP. Our results confirm that the dopamine D2 receptor is involved in the short-term effects of ASD on the rewarding effects of cocaine. The dopamine D1 receptor is clearly involved in the rewarding effects of cocaine, but its role in the effects of ASD remains to be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Daiana Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Roger-Sánchez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - María Asunción Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez, 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
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Rodríguez-Arias M, Montagud-Romero S, Rubio-Araiz A, Aguilar MA, Martín-García E, Cabrera R, Maldonado R, Porcu F, Colado MI, Miñarro J. Effects of repeated social defeat on adolescent mice on cocaine-induced CPP and self-administration in adulthood: integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Addict Biol 2017; 22:129-141. [PMID: 26374627 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Social stress in adulthood enhances cocaine self-administration, an effect that has been related with an increase in extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. A detrimental effect of cocaine on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity has also been reported. This study evaluates the effects of repeated social defeat (RSD) during adolescence on the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine in adult mice and the changes induced by RSD on BBB permeability. Cocaine self-administration, conditioned place preference and quantitative analysis of claudin-5, laminin, collagen-IV and IgG immunoreactivity took place 3 weeks after RSD. Mice socially defeated during adolescence developed conditioned place preference and exhibited reinstated preference with a non-effective dose of cocaine (1 mg/kg). RSD mice needed significantly more sessions than control animals for the preference induced by 25 mg/kg of cocaine to be extinguished. However, acquisition of cocaine self-administration (0.5 mg/kg per injection) was delayed in the RSD group. Mice exposed to RSD displayed significant changes in BBB structure in adulthood, with a marked reduction in expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 and an increase in basal laminin degradation (reflected by a decrease in laminin and collagen-IV expression) in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus. The detrimental effect induced by cocaine (25 mg/kg) on collagen-IV expression in the hippocampus was more pronounced in RSD mice. In summary, our findings suggest that stress and cocaine can increase the long-term vulnerability of the brain to subsequent environmental insults as a consequence of a sustained disruption of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Ana Rubio-Araiz
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - María A. Aguilar
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Elena Martín-García
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Roberto Cabrera
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Rafael Maldonado
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut; Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - Francesca Porcu
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - María Isabel Colado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias, Departamento de Psicobiología, Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de València; Spain
- Red de Trastornos Adictivos del Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Spain
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Role of dopamine neurotransmission in the long-term effects of repeated social defeat on the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 71:144-54. [PMID: 27476156 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies report that social defeat stress alters dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in several areas of the brain. Alterations of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway are believed to be responsible for the increased vulnerability to drug use observed as a result of social stress. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of DA receptors on the long-term effect of repeated social defeat (RSD) on the conditioned rewarding and reinstating effects of cocaine. For this purpose, the D1R antagonist SCH 23390 and the D1R antagonist raclopride were administered 30min before each social defeat and a cocaine-induced CPP procedure was initiated three weeks later. The expression of the D1R and D2R was also measured in the cortex and hippocampus throughout the entire procedure. Mice exposed to RSD showed an increase in the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine that was blocked by both DA receptors antagonists when a subthreshold dose of cocaine was employed. However, while the vulnerability to reinstatement of the preference induced by 25mg/kg cocaine-induced CPP was abolished by the D1R antagonist, it was practically unaffected by raclopride. Increases in D2R receptor levels were observed in the cortex of defeated animals after the first and fourth social defeats and in the hippocampus 3weeks later. Nevertheless, D1R receptor levels in the hippocampus decreased only after the last social defeat. Our results confirm that RSD enhances the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine and that both DA receptors are involved in this enduring effect of social stress.
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Huang CH, Yu YJ, Chang CH, Gean PW. Involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the inhibition of methamphetamine-associated contextual memory after prolonged extinction training. J Neurochem 2016; 137:216-25. [PMID: 26748780 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Addiction is thought to be a memory process between perception and environmental cues and addicted patients often relapse when they come into contact with the drug-related context once again. Here, we used a conditioned place preference protocol to seek a more effective extinction methodology of methamphetamine (METH) memory and delineate its underlying mechanism. Conditioning METH for 3 days in mice markedly increased the time spent in the METH-paired compartment. Then the mice were conditioned with saline for 6 days, from day 6 to day 11, a procedure termed extinction training. However, METH memory returned after a priming injection of METH. We prolonged extinction duration from 6 to 10 days and found that this extensive extinction (EE) training prevented priming effect. At the molecular level, we discovered that prolonged extinction training reversed the METH-conditioned place preference-induced increase in surface expression of GluA2 and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)/NMDA ratio in the basolateral amygdala. In addition, we found that extinction with metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) activation had similar results to EE: reduced relapse after extinction, decreased synaptic AMPA receptors AMPARs and the AMPA/NMDA ratio. On the contrary, EE with mGluR5 inhibition suppressed the results of EE. These data indicate that EE training-elicited inhibition of METH-primed reinstatement is mediated by the mGluR5. Conditioning mice with methamphetamine place preference (METH CPP) increases surface expression of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) in the basolateral amygdala. We found prolongation of extinction duration from 6 to 10 days prevented priming effect. At the molecular level, we discovered that extensive extinction (EE) reversed the METH CPP-induced increase in surface expression of GluA2 and AMPA/NMDA ratio. In addition, we found that extinction with the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) activation had similar results to EE: reduced relapse after extinction, decreased synaptic AMPARs and the AMPA/NMDA ratio. On the contrary, EE with mGluR5 inhibition suppressed the results of EE. These data indicate that EE training-elicited inhibition of METH-primed reinstatement is mediated by mGluR5 (PAM: positive allosteric modulator).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Jung Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wu Gean
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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13
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Acute social defeat stress increases the conditioned rewarding effects of cocaine in adult but not in adolescent mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 135:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Araos P, Pedraz M, Serrano A, Lucena M, Barrios V, García-Marchena N, Campos-Cloute R, Ruiz JJ, Romero P, Suárez J, Baixeras E, de la Torre R, Montesinos J, Guerri C, Rodríguez-Arias M, Miñarro J, Martínez-Riera R, Torrens M, Chowen JA, Argente J, Mason BJ, Pavón FJ, Rodríguez de Fonseca F. Plasma profile of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in cocaine users under outpatient treatment: influence of cocaine symptom severity and psychiatric co-morbidity. Addict Biol 2015; 20:756-72. [PMID: 24854157 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The treatment for cocaine use constitutes a clinical challenge because of the lack of appropriate therapies and the high rate of relapse. Recent evidence indicates that the immune system might be involved in the pathogenesis of cocaine addiction and its co-morbid psychiatric disorders. This work examined the plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine profile in abstinent cocaine users (n = 82) who sought outpatient cocaine treatment and age/sex/body mass-matched controls (n = 65). Participants were assessed with the diagnostic interview Psychiatric Research Interview for Substance and Mental Diseases according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2/monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) were decreased in cocaine users, although all cytokines were identified as predictors of a lifetime pathological use of cocaine. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1)/fractalkine and CXCL12/SDF-1 positively correlated with the cocaine symptom severity when using the DSM-IV-TR criteria for cocaine abuse/dependence. These cytokines allowed the categorization of the outpatients into subgroups according to severity, identifying a subgroup of severe cocaine users (9-11 criteria) with increased prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders [mood (54%), anxiety (32%), psychotic (30%) and personality (60%) disorders]. IL-1β was observed to be increased in users with such psychiatric disorders relative to those users with no diagnosis. In addition to these clinical data, studies in mice demonstrated that plasma IL-1β, CX3CL1 and CXCL12 were also affected after acute and chronic cocaine administration, providing a preclinical model for further research. In conclusion, cocaine exposure modifies the circulating levels of pro-inflammatory mediators. Plasma cytokine/chemokine monitoring could improve the stratification of cocaine consumers seeking treatment and thus facilitate the application of appropriate interventions, including management of heightened risk of psychiatric co-morbidity. Further research is necessary to elucidate the role of the immune system in the etiology of cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Araos
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - María Pedraz
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Antonia Serrano
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Miguel Lucena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - Nuria García-Marchena
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Romero
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Juan Suárez
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Elena Baixeras
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Neurosciences Program; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- Facultat de Ciencies de la Salut i de la Vida; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (CEXS-UPF); Barcelona Spain
| | - Jorge Montesinos
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Príncipe Felipe Research Centre; Valencia Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Cellular Pathology; Príncipe Felipe Research Centre; Valencia Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias; Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - José Miñarro
- Unidad de Investigación Psicobiología de las Drogodependencias; Facultad de Psicología; Universitat de Valencia; Valencia Spain
| | - Roser Martínez-Riera
- Neurosciences Program; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD) del Parc de Salut MAR; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychiatry; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Marta Torrens
- Neurosciences Program; Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM); Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD) del Parc de Salut MAR; Barcelona Spain
- Department of Psychiatry; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB); Barcelona Spain
| | - Julie A. Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara J. Mason
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders; The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI); La Jolla CA USA
| | - Francisco J. Pavón
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez de Fonseca
- Unidad Gestión Clínica de Salud Mental; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA); Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga; Málaga Spain
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Homberg JR, Karel P, Verheij MMM. Individual differences in cocaine addiction: maladaptive behavioural traits. Addict Biol 2014; 19:517-28. [PMID: 24835358 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine use leads to addiction in only a subset of individuals. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these individual differences in the transition from cocaine use to cocaine abuse is important to develop treatment strategies. There is agreement that specific behavioural traits increase the risk for addiction. As such, both high impulsivity and high anxiety have been reported to predict (compulsive) cocaine self-administration behaviour. Here, we set out a new view explaining how these two behavioural traits may affect addictive behaviour. According to psychological and psychiatric evolutionary views, organisms flourish well when they fit (match) their environment by trait and genotype. However, under non-fit conditions, the need to compensate the failure to deal with this environment increases, and, as a consequence, the functional use of rewarding drugs like cocaine may also increase. It suggests that neither impulsivity nor anxiety are bad per se, but that the increased risk to develop cocaine addiction is dependent on whether behavioural traits are adaptive or maladaptive in the environment to which the animals are exposed. This 'behavioural (mal)adaptation view' on individual differences in vulnerability to cocaine addiction may help to improve therapies for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Peter Karel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience; Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Michel M. M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience; Nijmegen The Netherlands
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Rhodiola rosea Impairs Acquisition and Expression of Conditioned Place Preference Induced by Cocaine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:697632. [PMID: 24174979 PMCID: PMC3794542 DOI: 10.1155/2013/697632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to the treatment of adverse effects of drugs of abuse is one which makes use of natural products. The present study investigated the effect of Rhodiola rosea L. hydroalcoholic extract (RHO) on cocaine-induced hyperactivity and conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. In a first experiment, mice received RHO (15, 20 or 25 mg/kg, IG), cocaine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) (COC), or a combination of both drugs (COC + RHO15, COC + RHO20, and COC + RHO25), and their locomotor activity was evaluated. In a second experiment, the effects of RHO on the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of cocaine CPP (induced by drug priming or social defeat stress) were evaluated. RHO alone did not increase activity but potentiated the hyperactivity induced by cocaine. Rhodiola did not induce motivational effects by itself but attenuated the acquisition and expression of cocaine-induced CPP. Moreover, it was found that RHO did not block reinstatement. The results indicate that RHO is effective in reducing the rewarding properties of cocaine but is ineffective in preventing priming or stress-induced cocaine reinstatement. In light of these findings, the benefits of Rhodiola rosea L. as a treatment of cocaine addiction would seem to be limited.
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17
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AMPA receptor endocytosis in the amygdala is involved in the disrupted reconsolidation of Methamphetamine-associated contextual memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2013; 103:72-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Ledesma JC, Aragon CMG. Acquisition and reconditioning of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference in mice is blocked by the H₂O₂ scavenger alpha lipoic acid. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 226:673-85. [PMID: 22885873 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the co-substrate used by catalase to metabolize ethanol to acetaldehyde in the brain. This centrally formed acetaldehyde has been involved in several ethanol-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES The present research evaluated the effect of the H2O2 scavenger, alpha lipoic acid (LA), on the acquisition and reconditioning of ethanol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). METHODS Mice received pairings of a distinctive floor stimulus (CS+) associated with intraperitoneal injections of ethanol (2.5 g/kg). On alternate days, animals received pairings of a different floor stimulus (CS-) associated with saline injections. A different group of animals received pairings with the (CS-) associated with saline injections, and on alternate days they received LA (100 mg/kg) injected 30 min prior to ethanol (2.5 g/kg) administration paired with the (CS+). A preference test assessed the effect of LA on the acquisition of ethanol-induced CPP. A similar procedure was followed to study the effect of LA on the acquisition of cocaine- and morphine-induced CPP. A separate experiment evaluated the effect of LA on the reconditioning of ethanol-induced CPP. In addition, we investigated the consequence of LA administration on central H2O2 levels. RESULTS LA selectively blocked the acquisition of ethanol-induced CPP. Moreover, this compound impaired the reconditioning of ethanol-induced CPP. Additionally, we found that LA diminished H2O2 levels in the brain. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a decline in H2O2 availability by LA might impede the formation of brain ethanol-derived acetaldehyde by catalase, which results in an impairment of the rewarding properties of ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Ledesma
- Area de Psicobiologia, Universitat Jaume I, Avenida Sos Baynat s/n, 12071, Castellón, Spain
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19
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Otis JM, Mueller D. Inhibition of β-adrenergic receptors induces a persistent deficit in retrieval of a cocaine-associated memory providing protection against reinstatement. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:1912-20. [PMID: 21544069 PMCID: PMC3154110 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Drug-seeking behavior is maintained by encounters with drug-associated cues. Preventing retrieval of drug-associated memories that these cues provoke would therefore limit relapse susceptibility; however, little is known regarding the mechanisms of retrieval. Here, we show that β-adrenergic receptor activation is necessary for the retrieval of a cocaine-associated memory. Using a conditioned place preference (CPP) procedure, rats were conditioned to associate one chamber, but not another, with cocaine. When administered before a CPP trial, propranolol, but not saline, prevented retrieval of a cocaine-associated CPP. In subsequent drug-free trials, rats previously treated with propranolol continued to show a retrieval deficit, as no CPP was evident. This retrieval deficit was long lasting and robust, as the CPP did not re-emerge during a test for spontaneous recovery 14 days later or reinstate following a priming injection of cocaine. Moreover, the peripheral β-adrenergic receptor antagonist sotalol did not affect retrieval. Thus, retrieval of cocaine-associated memories is mediated by norepinephrine acting at central β-adrenergic receptors. Our findings support the use of propranolol, a commonly prescribed β-blocker, as an adjunct to exposure therapy for the treatment of addiction by preventing retrieval of drug-associated memories during and long after treatment, and by providing protection against relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Otis
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Devin Mueller
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201-0413, USA, Tel: +1 414 229 6113, Fax: +1 414 229 5219, E-mail:
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Ma ST, Maier EY, Ahrens AM, Schallert T, Duvauchelle CL. Repeated intravenous cocaine experience: development and escalation of pre-drug anticipatory 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats. Behav Brain Res 2010; 212:109-14. [PMID: 20382187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic vocalization (USV) in the 50-kHz range occurs in rats immediately upon first-time exposure to cocaine or amphetamine, and rapidly increases with repetitive drug exposure at the same dose. This sensitized positive-affect response to these drugs of abuse is persistent in that the peak level of USVs again appears when the drug is reintroduced after several weeks of drug discontinuation. The present study explored whether with enough experience USVs might be elicited, and gradually escalate, in anticipation of impending drug delivery. Rats were trained to self-administer (SA) cocaine intravenously by lever pressing 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Yoked rats received experimenter-delivered cocaine matching that of SA rats. USVs and locomotor activity were recorded during each 10-min period prior to 60-min drug access sessions. Extinction trials in which drug access was denied were then carried out over an additional 4-week period. After about a week of cocaine experience, both the SA and yoked groups began to progressively increase USVs when placed in an environment that predicted forthcoming drug exposure. Extinction of anticipatory calls and locomotion occurred over days after drug access ended. USVs may be a useful model for specifically investigating the neural basis of drug anticipation and aid in developing and assessing new addiction treatment strategies for reducing craving and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean T Ma
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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