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Little K, Al-Shaer L, Itzkowitz M. Effects of social experience on pair bonding in a monogamous fish (Amatitlania nigrofasciata). BEHAVIOUR 2017. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
For species in which individuals spend at least some time in groups, dominance relationships and various social cues are often important for mate assessment and choice. For pair bonding species, social experiences may affect reproductive decisions in both sexes. We tested whether prior experience in a mixed-sex group and having a higher dominance status coincides with faster pair formation or spawning in a monogamous fish. Individuals having prior experience in mixed-sex groups paired with a novel fish more frequently than fish from same-sex groups. Fish in mixed-sex groups performed more bites and lateral displays. Although spawning occurred infrequently across pairs, dominant fish from mixed-sex groups spawned more than dominant fish from same-sex groups. Otherwise, there were no clear behavioural relationships between treatment group and subsequent pair formation or spawning, nor were behaviours of the paired fishes related to their prior treatment group. We do not know how mixed-sex social experience may have affected the physiology of those individuals, although our results support a reproductive priming effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.P. Little
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - L. Al-Shaer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
| | - M. Itzkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA
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Ji JZ, Lao KJ, Hu J, Pang T, Jiang ZZ, Yuan HL, Miao JS, Chen X, Ning SS, Xiang H, Guo YM, Yan M, Zhang LY. Discovery of novel aromatase inhibitors using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1082-92. [PMID: 25047514 PMCID: PMC4125720 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Aromatase is an important target for drugs to treat hormone-dependent diseases, including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) aromatase assay suitable for high-throughput screening (HTS). METHODS A 384-well aromatase HTRF assay was established, and used to screen about 7000 compounds from a compound library. Anti-proliferation activity of the hit was evaluated using alamarBlue(R) assay in a hormone-dependent breast cancer cell line T47D. Molecular docking was conducted to elucidate the binding mode of the hit using the Discovery Studio program. RESULTS The Z' value and signal to background (S/B) ratio were 0.74 and 5.4, respectively. Among the 7000 compounds, 4 hits (XHN22, XHN26, XHN27 and triptoquinone A) were found to inhibit aromatase with IC50 values of 1.60±0.07, 2.76±0.24, 0.81±0.08 and 45.8±11.3 μmol /L, respectively. The hits XHN22, XHN26 and XHN27 shared the same chemical scaffold of 4-imidazolyl quinoline. Moreover, the most potent hit XHN27 at 10 and 50 μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of T47D cells by 45.3% and 35.2%, respectively. The docking study revealed that XHN27 docked within the active site of aromatase and might form a hydrogen bond and had a π-cation interaction with amino acid residues of the protein. CONCLUSION XHN27, an imidazolyl quinoline derivative of flavonoid, is a potent aromatase inhibitor with anti-proliferation activity against breast cancer in vitro. The established assay can be used in HTS for discovering novel aromatase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-zi Ji
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ke-jing Lao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhen-zhou Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao-liang Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jing-shan Miao
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shan-shan Ning
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-meng Guo
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Yan
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lu-yong Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Groothuis TGG, Trillmich F. Unfolding personalities: the importance of studying ontogeny. Dev Psychobiol 2012; 53:641-55. [PMID: 21866544 DOI: 10.1002/dev.20574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We aim to stimulate an ontogenetic approach to personalities. We explain the importance of studying development for understanding proximate and ultimate aspects of personality and critically discuss, partly by perhaps provocative statements, our current lack of knowledge and potential approaches to the study of personality development. We first clarify some terminology and argue for a difference between behavioral profiles (BP; at the descriptive level) and personality (at the explanatory level). We then focus on the issue of temporal stability of personality, arguing that based on evolutionary theory, neurophysiological knowledge, and recent findings, personality is probably less stable than often thought. Next we consider the potential influence of genes, discussing gene by environment correlations and interactions and argue that developmental changes in the regulation of DNA expression are probably more relevant than individual differences in DNA sequence. We end by suggesting perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton G G Groothuis
- Behavioural Biology, Centre of Behaviour and Neuroscience, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen NL, The Netherlands.
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Wacker DW, Wingfield JC, Davis JE, Meddle SL. Seasonal changes in aromatase and androgen receptor, but not estrogen receptor mRNA expression in the brain of the free-living male song sparrow, Melospiza melodia morphna. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:3819-35. [PMID: 20653036 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Free-living male song sparrows experience three annually repeating life history stages associated with differential expression of sex steroid-dependent reproductive and aggressive behavior. In the breeding stage, they display reproductive and aggressive behavior and have elevated circulating testosterone levels. During molt, males show little or no aggression and no reproductive behavior, and have basal levels of circulating testosterone. In the non-breeding stage, they display high levels of aggression and no reproductive behavior, and have basal levels of circulating testosterone. In order to understand more fully the neural regulation of seasonal aggressive and reproductive behavior, birds were collected during all three life history stages, and levels of neural aromatase, androgen receptor (AR), and estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and beta (ERbeta) mRNA expression were measured. Breeding males had the highest levels of aromatase expression in both the preoptic area (POA) and medial preoptic area/medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (mPOA/BSTm), and the highest AR expression levels in the POA, consistent with the well-established role these regions play in the regulation of male reproductive behavior. Aromatase expression in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH) was higher during breeding and non-breeding compared with molt, suggesting that the VMH may play a role in the estrogen-dependent regulation of aggression in this species. AR expression also varied in medial HVC and pvMSt, a newly described periventricular region in the medial striatum. ERalpha and ERbeta mRNA expression did not vary seasonally in any brain region examined, suggesting that estrogen-dependent changes in behavior are mediated by differences in neural estrogen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Wacker
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, United Kingdom.
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