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Vasconcelos I, von Hafe M, Adão R, Leite-Moreira A, Brás-Silva C. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and obesity: From fetal life to adulthood. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13763. [PMID: 38699883 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is among the most common chronic disorders, worldwide. It is a complex disease that reflects the interactions between environmental influences, multiple genetic allelic variants, and behavioral factors. Recent developments have also shown that biological conditions in utero play an important role in the programming of energy homeostasis systems and might have an impact on obesity and metabolic disease risk. The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family of neuropeptides, as a central element of energy homeostasis, has been evaluated for its role in the pathophysiology of obesity. This review aims to summarize the relevance and effects of the CRH family of peptides in the pathophysiology of obesity spanning from fetal life to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Vasconcelos
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena von Hafe
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Adão
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Brás-Silva
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre-UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Coplan JD, Kolavennu V, Abdallah CG, Mathew SJ, Perera TD, Pantol G, Carpenter D, Tang C. Patterns of anterior versus posterior white matter fractional anistotropy concordance in adult nonhuman primates: Effects of early life stress. J Affect Disord 2016; 192:167-75. [PMID: 26735328 PMCID: PMC6129259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Functional neuroimaging studies report global prefrontal dysconnectivity in mood disorders, supporting the notion of widespread disruptions in brain networks. Microscopic alterations in white matter (WM) tracts - which possess neuroplastic properties and play a central role in brain connectivity - are interrogated herein in the context of brain dysconnectivity. Early life stress (ELS), an antecedent to human mood disorders, induces WM alterations in volumetrics and integrity. We hypothesized that nonhuman primate infants exposed to ELS would exhibit persistent impairments in both frontal and posterior concordance of WM integrity, therefore contributing to global brain dysconnectivity. METHODS Using a 3T MRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed on 21 adult male Bonnet macaques, 12 of whom had been raised under variable foraging demand (VFD) conditions and nine of whom had been raised under normative conditions (Non-VFD). As representative of anterior regions, fractional anisotropy (FA) concordance between anterior corpus callosum (ACorpusC) and anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) was examined. For posterior regions, FA concordance between posterior corpus callosum (PCorpusC) and posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLICA) and between PCorpusC and occipital WM was examined. Examination of posterior FA was explored in the context of frontal markers of neuroplasticity. RESULTS A concordant relationship for FA between left ALIC and ACorpusC was evident in Non-VFD-reared subjects, but significantly absent in VFD-reared subjects. For left posterior regions, FA concordance between PLICA and PCorpusC and occipital WM and PCorpusC was evident in VFD-reared and not Non-VFD-reared subjects. The posterior concordance in VFD was significantly distinguishable from the deficit in anterior concordance FA in VFD. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the view that disrupted emotional integrity of the maternal-infant attachment process affects normative synchronous development of frontal white matter tracts but creates errant posterior concordance and also disrupts an inverse relationship between posterior white matter tracts and markers of neuroplasticity. We provide preliminary evidence that a concordant relationship between capsular-callosal FA may become discordant, providing a putative mechanism for prefrontal functional brain dysconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D. Coplan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Venu Kolavennu
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chadi G. Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA,Clinical Neuroscience Division, VA National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sanjay J Mathew
- Mental Health Care Line, Michael E. Debakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas; Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tarique D. Perera
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Pantol
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Carpenter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cheuk Tang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Coplan JD, Fathy HM, Abdallah CG, Ragab SA, Kral JG, Mao X, Shungu DC, Mathew SJ. Reduced hippocampal N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) as a biomarker for overweight. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 4:326-35. [PMID: 24501701 PMCID: PMC3913836 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated an inverse relationship between both dentate gyrus neurogenesis - a form of neuroplasticity - and expression of the antiapoptotic gene marker, BCL-2 and adult macaque body weight. We therefore explored whether a similar inverse correlation existed in humans between body mass index (BMI) and hippocampal N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), a marker of neuronal integrity and putatively, neuroplasticity. We also studied the relationship of a potentially neurotoxic process, worry, to hippocampal NAA in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and control subjects (CS). METHODS We combined two previously studied cohorts of GAD and control subjects. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging ((1)H MRSI) in medication-free patients with GAD (n = 29) and a matched healthy control group (n = 22), we determined hippocampal concentrations of (1) NAA (2) choline containing compounds (CHO), and (3) Creatine + phosphocreatine (CR). Data were combined from 1.5 T and 3 T scans by converting values from each cohort to z-scores. Overweight and GAD diagnosis were used as categorical variables while the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI) were used as dependent variables. RESULTS Overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25) exhibited lower NAA levels in the hippocampus than normal-weight subjects (BMI < 25) (partial Eta-squared = 0.14) controlling for age, sex and psychiatric diagnosis, and the effect was significant for the right hippocampus in both GAD patients and control subjects. An inverse linear correlation was noted in all subjects between right hippocampal NAA and BMI. High scores on the PSWQ predicted low hippocampal NAA and CR. Both BMI and worry were independent inverse predictors of hippocampal NAA. CONCLUSION Overweight was associated with reduced NAA concentrations in the hippocampus with a strong effect size. Future mechanistic studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Coplan
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Hassan M Fathy
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sherif A Ragab
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John G Kral
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Xiangling Mao
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dikoma C Shungu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA ; Department of Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay J Mathew
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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