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Ruuskanen S. Early-life environmental effects on birds: epigenetics and microbiome as mechanisms underlying long-lasting phenotypic changes. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb246024. [PMID: 38449325 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.246024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Although the long-lasting effects of variation in early-life environment have been well documented across organisms, the underlying causal mechanisms are only recently starting to be unraveled. Yet understanding the underlying mechanisms of long-lasting effects can help us predict how organisms will respond to changing environments. Birds offer a great system in which to study developmental plasticity and its underlying mechanisms owing to the production of large external eggs and variation in developmental trajectories, combined with a long tradition of applied, physiological, ecological and evolutionary research. Epigenetic changes (such as DNA methylation) have been suggested to be a key mechanism mediating long-lasting effects of the early-life environment across taxa. More recently, changes in the early-life gut microbiome have been identified as another potential mediator of developmental plasticity. As a first step in understanding whether these mechanisms contribute to developmental plasticity in birds, this Review summarizes how changes in early-life environment (both prenatal and postnatal) influence epigenetic markers and the gut microbiome. The literature shows how both early-life biotic (such as resources and social environment) and abiotic (thermal environment and various anthropogenic stressors) factors modify epigenetic markers and the gut microbiome in birds, yet data concerning many other environmental factors are limited. The causal links of these modifications to lasting phenotypic changes are still scarce, but changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis have been identified as one putative pathway. This Review identifies several knowledge gaps, including data on the long-term effects, stability of the molecular changes, and lack of diversity in the systems studied, and provides directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Ruuskanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, Survontie 9C, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Vesilinnankatu 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
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Ma K, Yin K, Li J, Ma L, Zhou Q, Lu X, Li B, Li J, Wei G, Zhang G. The Hypothalamic Epigenetic Landscape in Dietary Obesity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306379. [PMID: 38115764 PMCID: PMC10916675 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamus in the brain plays a pivotal role in controlling energy balance in vertebrates. Nutritional excess through high-fat diet (HFD) feeding can dysregulate hypothalamic signaling at multiple levels. Yet, it remains largely unknown in what magnitude HFD feeding may impact epigenetics in this brain region. Here, it is shown that HFD feeding can significantly alter hypothalamic epigenetic events, including posttranslational histone modifications, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility. The authors comprehensively analyze the chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq), methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing (MeDIP-seq), single nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (snATAC-seq), and RNA-seq data of the hypothalamus of C57 BL/6 mice fed with a chow or HFD for 1 to 6 months. The chromatins are categorized into 6 states using the obtained ChIP-seq data for H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3. A 1-month HFD feeding dysregulates histone modifications and DNA methylation more pronouncedly than that of 3- or 6-month. Besides, HFD feeding differentially impacts chromatin accessibility in hypothalamic cells. Thus, the epigenetic landscape is dysregulated in the hypothalamus of dietary obesity mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310003China
| | - Kaili Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Jiong Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Li Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CASShanghai200031China
| | - Qun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
| | - Xiyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of EndocrinologyXinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200092China
| | - Juxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingJiangsu211166China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational BiologyShanghai Institute of Nutrition and HealthShanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)CASShanghai200031China
| | - Guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental HealthMinistry of EducationDepartment of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Institute for Brain ResearchCollaborative Innovation Center for Brain ScienceHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430030China
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical SciencesHenan UniversityKaifengHenan475004China
- Institute of Metabolism and HealthHenan UniversityKaifengHenanChina
- Zhongzhou LaboratoryZhengzhouHenan450046China
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Rapps K, Kisliouk T, Marco A, Weller A, Meiri N. Dieting reverses histone methylation and hypothalamic AgRP regulation in obese rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1121829. [PMID: 36817590 PMCID: PMC9930686 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although dieting is a key factor in improving physiological functions associated with obesity, the role by which histone methylation modulates satiety/hunger regulation of the hypothalamus through weight loss remains largely elusive. Canonically, H3K9me2 is a transcriptional repressive post-translational epigenetic modification that is involved in obesity, however, its role in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) has not been thoroughly explored. Here we explore the role that KDM4D, a specific demethylase of residue H3K9, plays in energy balance by directly modulating the expression of AgRP, a key neuropeptide that regulates hunger response. METHODS We used a rodent model of diet-induced obesity (DIO) to assess whether histone methylation malprogramming impairs energy balance control and how caloric restriction may reverse this phenotype. Using ChIP-qPCR, we assessed the repressive modification of H3K9me2 at the site of AgRP. To elucidate the functional role of KDM4D in reversing obesity via dieting, a pharmacological agent, JIB-04 was used to inhibit the action of KDM4D in vivo. RESULTS In DIO, downregulation of Kdm4d mRNA results in both enrichment of H3K9me2 on the AgRP promoter and transcriptional repression of AgRP. Because epigenetic modifications are dynamic, it is possible for some of these modifications to be reversed when external cues are altered. The reversal phenomenon was observed in calorically restricted rats, in which upregulation of Kdm4d mRNA resulted in demethylation of H3K9 on the AgRP promoter and transcriptional increase of AgRP. In order to verify that KDM4D is necessary to reverse obesity by dieting, we demonstrated that in vivo inhibition of KDM4D activity by pharmacological agent JIB-04 in naïve rats resulted in transcriptional repression of AgRP, decreasing orexigenic signaling, thus inhibiting hunger. DISCUSSION We propose that the action of KDM4D through the demethylation of H3K9 is critical in maintaining a stable epigenetic landscape of the AgRP promoter, and may offer a target to develop new treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Rapps
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tatiana Kisliouk
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
| | - Asaf Marco
- Neuro-Epigenetics Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aron Weller
- Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Noam Meiri
- Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZiyyon, Israel
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Wang M, Wang B, Wang S, Lu H, Wu H, Ding M, Ying L, Mao Y, Li Y. Effect of Quercetin on Lipids Metabolism Through Modulating the Gut Microbial and AMPK/PPAR Signaling Pathway in Broilers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:616219. [PMID: 33634119 PMCID: PMC7900412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.616219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate effects and mechanism of quercetin on lipids metabolism in broilers. 480 AA broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments (0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg quercetin) for 42 days. Compared with the control, 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly decreased percentage of abdominal fat (P < 0.05); 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly decreased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Desulfovibrionaceae (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01; P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); 0.2 g/kg quercetin significantly increased mRNA expression of PI3K, AMPKα1, AMPKα2, AMPKβ2, LKB1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and significantly reduced mRNA expression of SREBP1 and PPARγ (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); 0.4 g/kg quercetin significantly increased mRNA expression of LKB1 and PKB (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and significantly reduced mRNA expression of ACC, HMGR, PPARγ, and SREBP1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly increased mRNA expression of AMPKγ, LKB1, CPT1, PPARα, PKB (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05), and significantly reduced the mRNA expression of PI3K, ACC, HMGR, PPARγ, SREBP1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01); 0.2 g/kg quercetin significantly increased protein expression of AMPK (P < 0.01); 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly increased protein expression of LKB1 (P < 0.01), 0.2 and 0.6 g/kg quercetin significantly increased protein expression of PI3K, PKB, CPT1 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01), and significantly reduced protein expression of ACC and SREBP1 (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). In conclusion, quercetin improved lipid metabolism by modulating gut microbial and AMPK/PPAR signaling pathway in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Han Lu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Manyi Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linlin Ying
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yanjun Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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5
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Cohen JL, Jackson NL, Ballestas ME, Webb WM, Lubin FD, Clinton SM. Amygdalar expression of the microRNA miR-101a and its target Ezh2 contribute to rodent anxiety-like behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:2241-2252. [PMID: 28612962 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A greater understanding of neural mechanisms contributing to anxiety is needed in order to develop better therapeutic interventions. This study interrogates a novel molecular mechanism that shapes anxiety-like behaviour, demonstrating that the microRNA miR-101a-3p and its target, enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2) in the amygdala, contribute to rodent anxiety-like behaviour. We utilized rats that were selectively bred for differences in emotionality and stress reactivity, showing that high-novelty-responding (HR) rats, which display low trait anxiety, have lower miR-101a-3p levels in the amygdala compared to low-novelty-responding (LR) rats that characteristically display high trait anxiety. To determine whether there is a causal relationship between amygdalar miR-101a-3p and anxiety behaviour, we used a viral approach to overexpress miR-101a-3p in the amygdala of HR rats and test whether it would increase their typically low levels of anxiety-like behaviour. We found that increasing miR-101a-3p in the amygdala increased HRs' anxiety-like behaviour in the open-field test and elevated plus maze. Viral-mediated miR-101a-3p overexpression also reduced expression of the histone methyltransferase Ezh2, which mediates gene silencing via trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Knockdown of Ezh2 with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) also increased HRs' anxiety-like behaviour, but to a lesser degree than miR-101a-3p overexpression. Overall, our data demonstrate that increasing miR-101a-3p expression in the amygdala increases anxiety-like behaviour and that this effect is at least partially mediated via repression of Ezh2. This work adds to the growing body of evidence implicating miRNAs and epigenetic regulation as molecular mediators of anxiety behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Cohen
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nateka L Jackson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mary E Ballestas
- Department of Pediatric-Infectious Disease, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - William M Webb
- MD/PhD Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Farah D Lubin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sarah M Clinton
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech University, 1981 Kraft Drive, Integrated Life Sciences Building room 2012, Blacksburg, VA, 20460, USA
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Song A, Jiang S, Wang Q, Zou J, Lin Z, Gao X. JMJD3 Is Crucial for the Female AVPV RIP-Cre Neuron-Controlled Kisspeptin-Estrogen Feedback Loop and Reproductive Function. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1798-1811. [PMID: 28323958 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis controls development, reproduction, and metabolism. Although most studies have focused on the hierarchy from the brain to the gonad, many questions remain unresolved concerning the feedback from the gonad to the central nervous system, especially regarding the potential epigenetic modifications in hypothalamic neurons. In the present report, we generated genetically modified mice lacking histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase Jumonji domain-containing 3 (JMJD3) in hypothalamic rat-insulin-promoter-expressing neurons (RIP-Cre neurons). The female mutant mice displayed late-onset obesity owing to reduced locomotor activity and decreased energy expenditure. JMJD3 deficiency in RIP-Cre neurons also results in delayed pubertal onset, an irregular estrous cycle, impaired fertility, and accelerated ovarian failure in female mice owing to the dysregulation of the hypothalamic-ovarian axis. We found that JMJD3 directly regulates Kiss1 gene expression by binding to the Kiss1 promoter and triggering H3K27me3 demethylation in the anteroventral periventricular (AVPV) nucleus. Further study confirmed that the aberrations arose from impaired kisspeptin signaling in the hypothalamic AVPV nucleus and subsequent estrogen deficiency. Estrogen replacement therapy can reverse obesity in mutant mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that Jmjd3 is an estrogen target gene in the hypothalamus. These results provide direct genetic and molecular evidence that JMJD3 is a key mediator for the kisspeptin-estrogen feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jianghuan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
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Jiang Y, Denbow C, Meiri N, Denbow DM. Epigenetic-Imprinting Changes Caused by Neonatal Fasting Stress Protect From Future Fasting Stress. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 26542089 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unfavourable nutritional conditions during the neonatal critical period can cause both acute metabolic disorders and severe metabolic syndromes in later life. These phenomena have been tightly related to the epigenetic modification controlling the balance between satiety and hunger in the hypothalamus. In the present study, we investigated epigenetic modification associated with both the fasting stress effects and the short-term resilience to fasting stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of chicks. Fasting for 24 h at 3 days of age (D) (i.e. D3) significantly increased global methylation at lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27) and its specific histone methyltransferase (HMT) expression level in the PVN. Because global methylation could not fully reveal the changes at specific genes, the regulation of the gene for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), which was recently also found to have an anorexigenic effect, was evaluated as a potential target. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay analysis revealed that tri- (me3) and di-methylated (me2) H3K27 exhibited an instant (on D4 only) and latent increase (on both D11 and D41), respectively, at the putative promoter of Bdnf after 24 h of fasting on D3. This indicated that fasting could regulate energy-expenditure-related genes via modifying methylation at H3K27, which we suspected might be a protective mechanism for keeping the inner environment homeostatic. To test this hypothesis, a short-term repetitive fasting stress was applied to chickens, which were fasted for 24 h either on D10 only or on both D3 and D10. It was found that pre-existing fasting on D3 could induce a short-term fasting resilience, which rescued the reduction of Bdnf expression from future fasting on D10. We call this phenomenon the ‘molecular memory’, which was mainly conducted by HMTs and H3K27me2/me3 in the PVN. In conclusion, chicks respond to fasting with dynamic methylation at H3K27 in the PVN during the neonatal critical period. This allows the PVN to form a ‘molecular memory’, which keeps the individual inner environment homeostatic and resilient to future fasting over the short term.
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Gholami M, Reimer C, Erbe M, Preisinger R, Weigend A, Weigend S, Servin B, Simianer H. Genome Scan for Selection in Structured Layer Chicken Populations Exploiting Linkage Disequilibrium Information. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130497. [PMID: 26151449 PMCID: PMC4494984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing interest is being placed in the detection of genes, or genomic regions, that have been targeted by selection because identifying signatures of selection can lead to a better understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships. A common strategy for the detection of selection signatures is to compare samples from distinct populations and to search for genomic regions with outstanding genetic differentiation. The aim of this study was to detect selective signatures in layer chicken populations using a recently proposed approach, hapFLK, which exploits linkage disequilibrium information while accounting appropriately for the hierarchical structure of populations. We performed the analysis on 70 individuals from three commercial layer breeds (White Leghorn, White Rock and Rhode Island Red), genotyped for approximately 1 million SNPs. We found a total of 41 and 107 regions with outstanding differentiation or similarity using hapFLK and its single SNP counterpart FLK respectively. Annotation of selection signature regions revealed various genes and QTL corresponding to productions traits, for which layer breeds were selected. A number of the detected genes were associated with growth and carcass traits, including IGF-1R, AGRP and STAT5B. We also annotated an interesting gene associated with the dark brown feather color mutational phenotype in chickens (SOX10). We compared FST, FLK and hapFLK and demonstrated that exploiting linkage disequilibrium information and accounting for hierarchical population structure decreased the false detection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Gholami
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christian Reimer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malena Erbe
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Annett Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics (ING), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt, Germany
| | - Steffen Weigend
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics (ING), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt, Germany
| | - Bertrand Servin
- Laboratoire Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes d’Elevage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Henner Simianer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Lei L, Lixian Z. Effect of 24 h Fasting on Gene Expression of AMPK, Appetite Regulation Peptides and Lipometabolism Related Factors in the Hypothalamus of Broiler Chicks. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1300-8. [PMID: 25049694 PMCID: PMC4092945 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The 5’-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key part of a kinase-signaling cascade that acts to maintain energy homeostasis. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the possible effects of fasting and refeeding on the gene expression of hypothalamic AMPK, some appetitive regulating peptides and lipid metabolism related enzymes. Seven-day-old male broiler (Arbor Acres) chicks were allocated into three equal treatments: fed ad libitum (control); fasted for 24 h; fasted for 24 h and then refed for 24 h. Compared with the control, the hypothalamic gene expression of AMPKα2, AMPKβ1, AMPKβ2, AMPKγ1, Ste20-related adaptor protein β (STRADβ), mouse protein 25α (MO25α) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were increased after fasting for 24 h. No significant difference among treatments was observed in mRNA levels of AMPKα1, AMPKγ2, LKB1 and neuropeptide Y (NPY). However, the expression of MO25β, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), ghrelin, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACCα), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were significantly decreased. The present results indicated that 24 h fasting altered gene expression of AMPK subunits, appetite regulation peptides and lipometabolism related factors in chick’s hypothalamus; the hypothalamic FAS signaling pathway might be involved in the AMPK regulated energy homeostasis and/or appetite regulation in poultry.
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Frésard L, Morisson M, Brun JM, Collin A, Pain B, Minvielle F, Pitel F. Epigenetics and phenotypic variability: some interesting insights from birds. Genet Sel Evol 2013; 45:16. [PMID: 23758635 PMCID: PMC3693910 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9686-45-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about epigenetic mechanisms in birds with the exception of the phenomenon of dosage compensation of sex chromosomes, although such mechanisms could be involved in the phenotypic variability of birds, as in several livestock species. This paper reviews the literature on epigenetic mechanisms that could contribute significantly to trait variability in birds, and compares the results to the existing knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms in mammals. The main issues addressed in this paper are: (1) Does genomic imprinting exist in birds? (2) How does the embryonic environment influence the adult phenotype in avian species? (3) Does the embryonic environment have an impact on phenotypic variability across several successive generations? The potential for epigenetic studies to improve the performance of individual animals through the implementation of limited changes in breeding conditions or the addition of new parameters in selection models is still an open question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Frésard
- INRA, UMR444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan F-31326, France
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11
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Gupta RK, Rosen ED, Spiegelman BM. Identifying novel transcriptional components controlling energy metabolism. Cell Metab 2011; 14:739-45. [PMID: 22152302 PMCID: PMC3240865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of metabolic regulation at the transcriptional level presents different challenges than those encountered in the study of other important problems like development or cancer. Levels of key components like glucose, insulin, and lipids can be modulated but rarely change in an all-or-none fashion, necessitating quantitative techniques that can be applied to multiple tissues and systems. This review examines recent advances in methods for studying transcriptional regulation, with special emphasis on metabolic science. We compare these methods for investigators trying to decide on the best approach for their particular physiological paradigm or model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana K. Gupta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bruce M. Spiegelman
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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