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Brouwer A, Carhart‐Harris RL, Raison CL. Psychotomimetic compensation versus sensitization. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1217. [PMID: 38923845 PMCID: PMC11194300 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
It is a paradox that psychotomimetic drugs can relieve symptoms that increase risk of and cooccur with psychosis, such as attention and motivational deficits (e.g., amphetamines), pain (e.g., cannabis) and symptoms of depression (e.g., psychedelics, dissociatives). We introduce the ideas of psychotomimetic compensation and psychotomimetic sensitization to explain this paradox. Psychotomimetic compensation refers to a short-term stressor or drug-induced compensation against stress that is facilitated by engagement of neurotransmitter/modulator systems (endocannabinoid, serotonergic, glutamatergic and dopaminergic) that mediate the effects of common psychotomimetic drugs. Psychotomimetic sensitization occurs after repeated exposure to stress and/or drugs and is evidenced by the gradual intensification and increase of psychotic-like experiences over time. Theoretical and practical implications of this model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Brouwer
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, School of Human EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Robin L. Carhart‐Harris
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatryUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Charles L. Raison
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
- Vail Health Behavioral Health Innovation CenterVailColoradoUSA
- Center for the Study of Human HealthEmory UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Spiritual HealthEmory University Woodruff Health Sciences CenterAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
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Caffino L, Mottarlini F, Piva A, Rizzi B, Fumagalli F, Chiamulera C. Temporal dynamics of BDNF signaling recruitment in the rat prefrontal cortex and hippocampus following a single infusion of a translational dose of ketamine. Neuropharmacology 2024; 242:109767. [PMID: 37858883 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of investigations, the mechanisms underlying the rapid action of ketamine as antidepressant are still far from being completely understood. Several studies indicated Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) as critical for the fast antidepressant action of ketamine, due to its contribution in early and rapid synaptic adaptations. However, previous reports have been essentially based on ketamine dosing modes that differ from the clinical route of administration (slow intravenous infusion). In this report, we investigated the effects of a ketamine dosing mode in male Sprague-Dawley rats showed to be translational to the clinically effective mode in patients. We focused on the first 24 h after infusion to finely dissect potential differences in the contribution of BDNF signaling pathway in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, two brain regions involved in the antidepressant effects of ketamine. Our data show that the slow ketamine infusion activates the BDNF-mTOR-S6 pathway in prefrontal cortex as early as 2 h and remains on until at least 6 h after the infusion. At the 12 h timepoint, this pathway is turned off in prefrontal cortex while it becomes activated in hippocampus. Interestingly, this pathway appears to be activated in both brain regions at 24 h through a BDNF-independent mechanism adding complexity to the early action of ketamine. We have captured previously unknown dynamics of the early effects of ketamine showing rapid activation/deactivation of BDNF and its downstream signaling in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, following a precise temporal profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piva
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Dept Diagnostic & Public Health, P.le Scuro 10, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Rizzi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiano Chiamulera
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab, Section Pharmacology, Dept Diagnostic & Public Health, P.le Scuro 10, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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3
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Caldas JPDS, Junqueira EDAO, de Camargo JF, Marba STM. Association of hypermagnesemia at birth and admission hypothermia in pre-term infants: A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2024; 17:191-198. [PMID: 38607766 DOI: 10.3233/npm-230130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermia on admission is associated with increased mortality in preterm infants. Drugs administered to pregnant women is implicated in its occurrence. Since magnesium sulfate has a myorelaxant effect, we aimed evaluating the association of hypermagnesemia at birth and admission hypothermia (axillary temperature <36.5°C) in preterm infants. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including inborn infants <34 weeks, without congenital malformations. Hypermagnesemia was considered if the umbilical magnesium level > 2.5 mEq/L. Maternal and neonatal variables were used to adjust the model, submitted to the multivariate hierarchical modelling process. RESULTS We evaluated 249 newborns with median birth weight and gestational age of 1375 (IQR 1020-1375) g and 31 (IQR 28-32) weeks, respectively. Hypermagnesemia occurred in 28.5% and admission hypothermia occurred in 28.9%. In the univariate analysis, the following variables were identified as being associated with admission hypothermia: hypermagnesemia (OR 3.71; CI 2.06-6.68), resuscitation (OR 2.39; CI 1.37-4.19), small to gestational age (OR 1.91; CI1.03-3.53), general anesthesia (OR 3.34; CI 1.37-8.13), birth weight (OR 0.998; CI 0.998-0.999) and gestational age (OR 0.806; CI 0.725-0.895). In the hierarchical regression model, hypermagnesemia remained independent associated with admission hypothermia (OR 3.20; CI 1.66-6.15), as well as birth weight (OR 0.999; CI 0.998-0.999) and tracheal intubation (3.83; CI 1.88-7.80). CONCLUSION Hypermagnesemia was associated with an increased risk of admission hypothermia, as did tracheal intubation and lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P de Siqueira Caldas
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - S T M Marba
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Raith H, Schuelert N, Duveau V, Roucard C, Plano A, Dorner-Ciossek C, Ferger B. Differential effects of traxoprodil and S-ketamine on quantitative EEG and auditory event-related potentials as translational biomarkers in preclinical trials in rats and mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 171:108072. [PMID: 32243874 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative Electroencephalography (qEEG) and event-related potential (ERP) assessment have emerged as powerful tools to unravel translational biomarkers in preclinical and clinical psychiatric drug discovery trials. The aim of the present study was to compare the GluN2B negative allosteric modulator (NAM) traxoprodil (CP-101,606) with the unselective NMDA receptor channel blocker S-ketamine to give insight into central target engagement and differentiation on multiple EEG readouts. For qEEG recordings telemetric transmitters were implanted in male Wistar rats. Recorded EEG data were analyzed using fast Fourier transformation to determine power spectra and vigilance states. Additionally, body temperature and locomotor activity were assessed via telemetry. For recordings of auditory event-related potentials (AERP) male C57Bl/6J mice were chronically implanted with deep electrodes using a tethered system. Power spectral analysis revealed a significant increase in gamma power following ketamine treatment, whereas traxoprodil (6&18 mg/kg) induced an overall decrease primarily within alpha and beta bands. Additionally, ketamine disrupted sleep and enhanced time spent in wake vigilance states, whereas traxoprodil did not alter sleep-wake architecture. AERP and mismatch negativity (MMN) revealed that ketamine (10 mg/kg) selectively disrupts auditory deviance detection, whereas traxoprodil (6 mg/kg) did not alter MMN at clinically relevant doses. In contrast to ketamine treatment, traxoprodil did not produce hyperactivity and hypothermia. In conclusion, ketamine and traxoprodil showed very different effects on diverse EEG readouts differentiating selective GluN2B antagonism from non-selective pan-NMDA-R antagonists like ketamine. These readouts are thus perfectly suited to support drug discovery efforts on NMDA-R and understanding the different functions of NMDA-R subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Raith
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Niklas Schuelert
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Venceslas Duveau
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Corinne Roucard
- SynapCell SAS, Biopolis and Institut Jean Roget, Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble 1, Domaine de la merci, 38700, La Tronche, France.
| | - Andrea Plano
- Plano Consulting, Georg-Schinbain-Str. 70, 88400, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Boris Ferger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Diseases Research Germany, Birkendorferstr. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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Culver A, Coiffard B, Antonini F, Duclos G, Hammad E, Vigne C, Mege JL, Baumstarck K, Boucekine M, Zieleskiewicz L, Leone M. Circadian disruption of core body temperature in trauma patients: a single-center retrospective observational study. J Intensive Care 2020; 8:4. [PMID: 31921428 PMCID: PMC6945723 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-019-0425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circadian clock alterations were poorly reported in trauma patients, although they have a critical role in human physiology. Core body temperature is a clinical variable regulated by the circadian clock. Our objective was to identify the circadian temperature disruption in trauma patients and to determine whether these disruptions were associated with the 28-day mortality rate. Methods A retrospective and observational single-center cohort study was conducted. All adult severe trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit of Aix Marseille University, North Hospital, from November 2013 to February 2018, were evaluated. The variations of core body temperature for each patient were analyzed between days 2 and 3 after intensive care unit admission. Core body temperature variations were defined by three parameters: mesor, amplitude, and period. A logistic regression model was used to determine the variables influencing these three parameters. A survival analysis was performed assessing the association between core body temperature rhythm disruption and 28-day mortality rate. A post hoc subgroup analysis focused on the patients with head trauma. Results Among the 1584 screened patients, 248 were included in this study. The period differed from 24 h in 177 (71%) patients. The mesor value (°C) was associated with body mass index and ketamine use. Amplitude (°C) was associated with ketamine use only. The 28-day mortality rate was 18%. For all trauma patients, age, body mass index, intracranial hypertension, and amplitude were independent risk factors. The patients with a mesor value < 36.9 °C (p < 0.001) and an amplitude > 0.6 °C (p < 0.001) had a higher 28-day mortality rate. Among the patients with head trauma, mesor and amplitude were identified as independent risk factors (HR = 0.40, 95% CI [0.23–0.70], p = 0.001 and HR = 4.73, 95% CI [1.38–16.22], p = 0.01). Conclusions Our results highlight an association between core body temperature circadian alteration and 28-day mortality rate. This association was more pronounced in the head trauma patients than in the non-head trauma patients. Further studies are needed to show a causal link and consider possible interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Culver
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Coiffard
- Médecine Intensive - Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,3CNRS, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - François Antonini
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Gary Duclos
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Hammad
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Coralie Vigne
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- 3CNRS, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Karine Baumstarck
- 4APHM, EA 3279 CEReSS, School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Boucekine
- 4APHM, EA 3279 CEReSS, School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Zieleskiewicz
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, APHM, Hôpital Nord, Aix Marseille Université, Chemin des Bourrely, 13915 Marseille, France.,3CNRS, IRD, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
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6
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A pharmacological composition for induction of a reversible torpor-like state and hypothermia in rats. Life Sci 2019; 219:190-198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Vučković S, Savić-Vujović K, Srebro D, Jovanović L, Prostran M. Role of magnesium sulfate in the treatment of acute postoperative pain. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2019. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm1905349v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Acute Neuroinflammatory Response in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta of Rats after a Local Injection of Lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1838921. [PMID: 29854828 PMCID: PMC5964493 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1838921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of Parkinson's disease with neurotoxins have shown that microglial activation does not evoke a typical inflammatory response in the substantia nigra, questioning whether neuroinflammation leads to neurodegeneration. To address this issue, the archetypal inflammatory stimulus, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was injected into the rat substantia nigra. LPS induced fever, sickness behavior, and microglial activation (OX42 immunoreactivity), followed by astrocyte activation and leukocyte infiltration (GFAP and CD45 immunoreactivities). During the acute phase of neuroinflammation, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10) responded differentially at mRNA and protein level. Increased NO production and lipid peroxidation occurred at 168 h after LPS injection. At this time, evidence of neurodegeneration could be seen, entailing decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity, irregular body contour, and prolongation discontinuity of TH+ cells, as well as apparent phagocytosis of TH+ cells by OX42+ cells. Altogether, these results show that LPS evokes a typical inflammatory response in the substantia nigra that is followed by dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Vujović KS, Vučković S, Đurović A, Knežević NN, Prostran M. Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase attenuate the hypothermic effect of ketamine-magnesium sulfate combination in rats. J Therm Biol 2018; 74:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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ALSOBAYIL F, SADAN M, AL-SHOSHAN AAA. Comparison between the anaesthetic effects of xylazine–ketamine and diazepam–ketamine: physiological and blood parameters in young hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 42:40-48. [DOI: 10.3906/vet-1701-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Delage N, Morel V, Picard P, Marcaillou F, Pereira B, Pickering G. Effect of ketamine combined with magnesium sulfate in neuropathic pain patients (KETAPAIN): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:517. [PMID: 29100524 PMCID: PMC5670712 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuropathic pain is difficult to treat, and the efficacy of recommended drugs remains limited. N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors are implicated, and antagonists are a pharmacological option. Ketamine is widely used in French pain clinics, but without consensus or recommendations. Furthermore, the association of ketamine with magnesium has been poorly studied. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the benefit of ketamine with or without magnesium in refractory neuropathic pain. Methods/design A randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study will be performed in Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France. The aim is to evaluate the effect of ketamine with or without magnesium in 22 patients with neuropathic pain. Intravenous ketamine/placebo, ketamine/magnesium sulfate, or placebo/placebo will be administered consecutively to each patient, in random order, once at 5-week intervals. The primary endpoint is the AUC of pain intensity assessed on a 0–10 Numeric Pain Rating Scale for a 5-week period. Data analysis will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis, and all statistical tests (except primary analysis) will be performed with an α risk of 5% (two-sided). Discussion Considering the poor efficacy of the drugs available for neuropathic pain, ketamine with or without magnesium sulfate may be a valuable therapeutic option that needs to be standardized. Trial registration EudraCT number–2015-000142-29. Registered on April 9, 2015; version 1.4 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2254-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Delage
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Morel
- Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Bâtiment 3C, CIC Inserm 1405, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 1, France.
| | - Pascale Picard
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabienne Marcaillou
- Centre d'Evaluation et de Traitement de la Douleur, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Délégation Recherche Clinique & Innovation - Villa annexe IFSI, 58 Rue Montalembert, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex, France
| | - Gisèle Pickering
- Centre de Pharmacologie Clinique, Bâtiment 3C, CIC Inserm 1405, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, BP 69, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, Cedex 1, France.,Inserm, U1107 Neuro-Dol, Pharmacologie Fondamentale et Clinique de la Douleur, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants). This paper is the thirty-seventh consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2014 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (endogenous opioids and receptors), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (pain and analgesia); stress and social status (human studies); tolerance and dependence (opioid mediation of other analgesic responses); learning and memory (stress and social status); eating and drinking (stress-induced analgesia); alcohol and drugs of abuse (emotional responses in opioid-mediated behaviors); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (opioid involvement in stress response regulation); mental illness and mood (tolerance and dependence); seizures and neurologic disorders (learning and memory); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (opiates and conditioned place preferences (CPP)); general activity and locomotion (eating and drinking); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (alcohol and drugs of abuse); cardiovascular responses (opiates and ethanol); respiration and thermoregulation (opiates and THC); and immunological responses (opiates and stimulants).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Srebro DP, Vučković SM, Savić Vujović KR, Prostran MŠ. TRPA1, NMDA receptors and nitric oxide mediate mechanical hyperalgesia induced by local injection of magnesium sulfate into the rat hind paw. Physiol Behav 2015; 139:267-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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