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Sousa RML, Ribeiro NLX, Pinto BAS, Sanches JR, da Silva MU, Coêlho CFF, França LM, de Figueiredo Neto JA, Paes AMDA. Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:53. [PMID: 30061916 PMCID: PMC6057058 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of added sugars has been considered a worldwide public health concern by its association with metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. Meanwhile, current studies have suggested high-protein diets to promote weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) intake on high-sucrose-fed rats. Methods Weaned male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: rats fed a standard chow (CT/CT, 10% sucrose) or rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, 25% sucrose) for a 20-week observational period. Subsequently, HS/HS animals were randomized into 3 new groups: rats maintained on HSD diet (HS/HS); rats submitted to HSD replacement by standard chow (HS/CT); and those with HSD replaced by HPD (HS/HP). All groups were followed up for 12 weeks during which we investigated the effects of HPD on body weight, energy intake, obesity development, glicemic/lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, tissue weight (adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscles), lipolytic activity, liver lipoperoxidation and histology, as well as serum markers of hepatic function. Results Post-weaning exposure to HSD led to metabolic syndrome phenotype at adulthood, herein characterized by central obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Only HPD feeding was able to revert weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as restore adipose tissue lipolytic response to sympathetic stimulus. On the other hand, either HPD or withdrawal from HSD promoted very similar metabolic outcomes upon 12-week nutritional intervention. HS/HP and HS/CT rats showed reduced fasting serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, which were correlated with the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity, as inferred from kITT and TyG Index values. Both nutritional interventions restored liver morphofunctional patterns, but only HPD restored lipid peroxidation. Conclusions Our data showed that 12-week intake of an isocaloric moderately high-protein diet consistently restored high-sucrose-induced central adiposity and obesity in addition to the attenuation of other important metabolic outcomes, such as improvement of glucolipid homeostasis associated to increased insulin sensitivity and reversal of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, simple withdrawal from high-sucrose consumption also promoted the abovementioned metabolic outcomes with no impact on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Maria Lopes Sousa
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Nathalee Liberal Xavier Ribeiro
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Jonas Rodrigues Sanches
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Mariana Uchôa da Silva
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - José Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto
- 2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil.,3Department of Medicine I, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
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