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Rosa J, de Carvalho Myskiw J, Fiorenza NG, Furini CRG, Sapiras GG, Izquierdo I. Hippocampal cholinergic receptors and the mTOR participation in fear-motivated inhibitory avoidance extinction memory. Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114129. [PMID: 36179804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated the hippocampal cholinergic system and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) participation during the memory formation of aversive events. This study assessed the role of these systems in the hippocampus for the extinction memory process by submitting male Wistar rats to fear-motivated step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). The post-extinction session administration of the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine and scopolamine, respectively, both at doses of 2 µg/µl/side, and rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor (0.02 µg/µl/side), into the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus, impaired the IA extinction memory. Furthermore, the nicotinic and muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists, nicotine and muscarine, respectively, had a dose-dependent effect on the IA extinction memory when administered intra-CA1, immediately after the extinction session. Nicotine (0.6 µg/µl/side) and muscarine (0.02 µg/µl/side), respectively, had no effect, while the higher doses (6 and 2 µg/µl/side, respectively) impaired the IA extinction memory. Interestingly, the co-administration of muscarine at the lower dose blocked the impairment that was induced by rapamycin. This effect was not observed when nicotine at the lower dose was co-administered. These results have demonstrated the participation of the cholinergic receptors and mTOR in the hippocampus for IA extinction, and that the cholinergic agonists had a dose-dependent effect on the IA extinction memory. This study provides insights related to the behavioural aspects and the neurobiological properties underlying the early stage of fear-motivated IA extinction memory consolidation and suggests that there is hippocampal muscarinic receptor participation independent of mTOR in this memory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Rosa
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bandeirantes 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jociane de Carvalho Myskiw
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Bento Gonçalves 9500, Building 43422, Room 208 A, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natalia Gindri Fiorenza
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Branch Ceara, 60760-000 Eusebio, CE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Regina Guerino Furini
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Cognition and Memory Neurobiology, Brain Institute, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, 3rd Floor, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gerson Guilherme Sapiras
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Clinical Hospital of Passo Fundo (HCPF), Tiradentes 295, 99010-260 Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivan Izquierdo
- Memory Center, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Ipiranga 6690, Floor 2, 90610-600 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Translational Neuroscience (INNT), National Research Council of Brazil, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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El-Marasy SA, Abd-Elsalam RM, Ahmed-Farid OA. Ameliorative Effect of Silymarin on Scopolamine-induced Dementia in Rats. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2018; 6:1215-1224. [PMID: 30087724 PMCID: PMC6062269 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM: This study aims to elucidate the possible ameliorative effect of silymarin on scopolamine-induced dementia using the object recognition test (ORT) in rats. METHODS: The study was extended to demonstrate the role of cholinergic activity, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, brain neurotransmitters and histopathological changes in the anti-amnestic effect of silymarin in demented rats. Wistar rats were pre-treated with silymarin (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) or donepezil (10 mg/kg) orally for 14 consecutive days. Dementia was induced after the last drug administration by a single intraperitoneal dose of scopolamine (16 mg/kg). Then behavioural, biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were then performed. RESULTS: Rats pre-treated with silymarin counteracted scopolamine-induced non-spatial working memory impairment in the ORT and decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), restored gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and dopamine (DA) contents in the cortical and hippocampal brain homogenates. Silymarin reversed scopolamine-induced histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that silymarin mitigated protein expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the brain cortex and hippocampus. All these effects of silymarin were similar to that of the standard anti-amnestic drug, donepezil. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that the ameliorative effect of silymarin on scopolamine-induced dementia in rats using the ORT maybe in part mediated by, enhancement of cholinergic activity, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as well as mitigation in brain neurotransmitters and histopathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Giza, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar A Ahmed-Farid
- Physiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
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Ionita R, Postu PA, Beppe GJ, Mihasan M, Petre BA, Hancianu M, Cioanca O, Hritcu L. Cognitive-enhancing and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. stem bark in a rat model of scopolamine. BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN FUNCTIONS : BBF 2017; 13:5. [PMID: 28351401 PMCID: PMC5371259 DOI: 10.1186/s12993-017-0123-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants of the genus Markhamia have been traditionally used by different tribes in various parts of West African countries, including Cameroun. Markhamia tomentosa (Benth.) K. Schum. (Bignoniaceae) is used as an antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant and anti-Alzheimer agent. The current study was undertaken in order to investigate its anti-amnesic and antioxidant potential on scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment and to determine its possible mechanism of action. METHODS Rats were pretreated with the aqueous extract (50 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.), for 10 days, and received a single injection of scopolamine (0.7 mg/kg, i.p.) before training in Y-maze and radial arm-maze tests. The biochemical parameters in the rat hippocampus were also assessed to explore oxidative status. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. F values for which p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS In the scopolamine-treated rats, the aqueous extract improved memory in behavioral tests and decreased the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus. Also, the aqueous extract exhibited anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the aqueous extract ameliorates scopolamine-induced spatial memory impairment by attenuation of the oxidative stress in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu Ionita
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Paula Alexandra Postu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Galba Jean Beppe
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, PO Box, 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO Box, 814, Maroua, Cameroon
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Brindusa Alina Petre
- Department of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, 16 University Str., 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I, No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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