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Chen Z, Ding W, Yang X, Lu T, Liu Y. Isoliquiritigenin, a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117059. [PMID: 37604329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Licorice is a medicinal herb with a 2000-year history of applications in traditional Chinese medicine. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a bioactive chalcone compound isolated from licorice. It has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to its excellent anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY This study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the anti-inflammatory activity of ISL and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and discuss new insights for its potential clinical applications as an anti-inflammation agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined literatures published in the past twenty years from PubMed, Research Gate, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SciFinder, with single or combined key words of "isoliquiritigenin", "inflammation", and "anti-inflammatory". RESULTS ISL elicits its anti-inflammatory activity by mediating various cellular processes. It inhibits the upstream of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and activates the nuclear factor erythroid related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. In addition, it suppresses the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathway and restrains the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. CONCLUSIONS Current studies indicate a great therapeutical potential of ISL as a drug candidate for treatment of inflammation-associated diseases. However, the pharmacokinetics, biosafety, and bioavailability of ISL remain to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tiangong Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zhan H, Pu Q, Long X, Lu W, Wang G, Meng F, Liao Z, Lan X, Chen M. Oxybaphus himalaicus Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting TLR4/MD2 Complex Formation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122307. [PMID: 36552516 PMCID: PMC9774781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is described as the abrupt decrease in kidney function always accompanied by inflammation. The roots of Oxybaphus himalaicus Edgew. have long been used in Tibetan folk medicine for the treatment of nephritis. Nevertheless, modern pharmacological studies, especially about the underlying mechanism of O. himalaicus medications, are still lacking. Here, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, the O. himalaicus extract (OE) showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with the dose dependently reducing the LPS-stimulated release of nitric oxide and the mRNA level and protein expression of inflammatory cytokines and reversed the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Co-immunoprecipitation assay indicated that OE inhibited Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD2) complex formation and further suppressed both myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-dependent and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)-dependent cascades activation. In addition, OE could restrain NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) endocytosis by blocking TLR4/MD2 complex formation to prevent reactive oxygen species production. In LPS-induced AKI mice, OE treatment mitigated renal injury and inflammatory infiltration by inhibiting TLR4/MD2 complex formation. UPLC-MS/MS analysis tentatively identified 41 components in OE. Our results indicated that OE presented significant anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting TLR4/MD2 complex formation, which alleviated LPS-induced AKI in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghong Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qingxiu Pu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoliang Long
- School of Life Sciences, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guowei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fancheng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City and Southwest University, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-Founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Tibet Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant R&D Center, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence Analysis and Molecular Sensing (Southwest University), Ministry of Education; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Correspondence:
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3
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Li M, Lu G, Ma X, Wang R, Chen X, Yu Y, Jiang C. Anti-inflammation of isoliquiritigenin via the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK in LPS-stimulated MAC-T cells. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:320. [PMID: 35986317 PMCID: PMC9392288 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The application of plant extracts has received great interest for the treatment of bovine mastitis. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a rich dietary flavonoid that has significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. This study was conducted to explore the protective efficacy and related mechanism of ISL against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated oxidation and inflammation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) by in vitro experiments. Results Real-time PCR and ELISA assays indicated that ISL treatment at 2.5, 5 and 10 μg/mL significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of the oxidative indicators cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (P < 0.01), and of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.05), interleukin-1β (P < 0.01) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P < 0.01) in LPS-stimulated MAC-T cells. Moreover, Western blotting and immunofluorescence tests indicated that the phosphorylation levels of nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) p65 and the inhibitor of NF-κB were significantly decreased by ISL treatment, thus blocking the nuclear transfer of NF-κB p65. In addition, ISL attenuated the phosphorylation levels of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-jun NH2 terminal kinase. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that ISL downregulated the LPS-induced inflammatory response in MAC-T cells. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activity of ISL involves the NF-κB and MAPK cascades. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03414-1.
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Zhang Z, Yung KKL, Ko JKS. Therapeutic Intervention in Cancer by Isoliquiritigenin from Licorice: A Natural Antioxidant and Redox Regulator. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071349. [PMID: 35883840 PMCID: PMC9311861 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress could lead to a variety of body dysfunctions, including neurodegeneration and cancer, which are closely associated with intracellular signal transducers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been suggested that ROS is the upstream regulator of autophagy, and that it provides a negative feedback regulation to remove oxidative damage. Defects in the ROS-autophagic redox homeostasis could lead to the increased production of ROS and the accumulation of damaged organelles that in turn promote metabolic reprogramming and induce tumorigenesis. One significant characteristic of pancreatic cancer is the reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism, which facilitates the rapid growth, invasiveness, and the survival of cancer cells. Thus, the rectification of metabolic dysfunction is essential in therapeutic cancer targeting. Isoliquiritigenin (ISL) is a chalcone obtained from the plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, which is a powdered root licorice that has been consumed for centuries in different regions of the world. ISL is known to be a natural antioxidant that possesses diversified functions, including redox regulation in cells. This review contains discussions on the herbal source, biological properties, and anticancer potential of ISL. This is the first time that the anticancer activities of ISL in pancreatic cancer has been elucidated, with a coverage of the involvement of antioxidation, metabolic redox regulation, and autophagy in pancreatic cancer development. Furthermore, some remarks on related compounds of the isoflavonoid biosynthetic pathway of ISL will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Golden Meditech Centre for Neuroregeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Kin-Lam Yung
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Golden Meditech Centre for Neuroregeneration Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (K.K.-L.Y.); (J.K.-S.K.); Tel.: +852-3411-7060 (K.K.-L.Y.); +852-3411-2461 (J.K.-S.K.)
| | - Joshua Ka-Shun Ko
- Teaching and Research Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (K.K.-L.Y.); (J.K.-S.K.); Tel.: +852-3411-7060 (K.K.-L.Y.); +852-3411-2461 (J.K.-S.K.)
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5
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Saleh HA, Yousef MH, Abdelnaser A. The Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Phytochemicals and Their Effects on Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:606069. [PMID: 33868227 PMCID: PMC8044831 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.606069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune response induces positive inflammatory transducers and regulators in order to attack pathogens, while simultaneously negative signaling regulators are transcribed to maintain innate immune homeostasis and to avoid persistent inflammatory immune responses. The gene expression of many of these regulators is controlled by different epigenetic modifications. The remarkable impact of epigenetic changes in inducing or suppressing inflammatory signaling is being increasingly recognized. Several studies have highlighted the interplay of histone modification, DNA methylation, and post-transcriptional miRNA-mediated modifications in inflammatory diseases, and inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis. Targeting these epigenetic alterations affords the opportunity of attenuating different inflammatory dysregulations. In this regard, many studies have identified the significant anti-inflammatory properties of distinct naturally-derived phytochemicals, and revealed their regulatory capacity. In the current review, we demonstrate the signaling cascade during the immune response and the epigenetic modifications that take place during inflammation. Moreover, we also provide an updated overview of phytochemicals that target these mechanisms in macrophages and other experimental models, and go on to illustrate the effects of these phytochemicals in regulating epigenetic mechanisms and attenuating aberrant inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidy A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed H. Yousef
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anwar Abdelnaser
- Institute of Global Public Health, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Sun Q, Xu X, Wang T, Xu Z, Lu X, Li X, Chen G. Neurovascular Units and Neural-Glia Networks in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: from Mechanisms to Translation. Transl Stroke Res 2021; 12:447-460. [PMID: 33629275 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-021-00897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the most lethal type of stroke, often leads to poor outcomes in the clinic. Due to the complex mechanisms and cell-cell crosstalk during ICH, the neurovascular unit (NVU) was proposed to serve as a promising therapeutic target for ICH research. This review aims to summarize the development of pathophysiological shifts in the NVU and neural-glia networks after ICH. In addition, potential targets for ICH therapy are discussed in this review. Beyond cerebral blood flow, the NVU also plays an important role in protecting neurons, maintaining central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis, coordinating neuronal activity among supporting cells, forming and maintaining the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and regulating neuroimmune responses. During ICH, NVU dysfunction is induced, along with neuronal cell death, microglia and astrocyte activation, endothelial cell (EC) and tight junction (TJ) protein damage, and BBB disruption. In addition, it has been shown that certain targets and candidates can improve ICH-induced secondary brain injury based on an NVU and neural-glia framework. Moreover, therapeutic approaches and strategies for ICH are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Zhongmou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Xiaocheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
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7
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Lin YM, Badrealam KF, Kuo WW, Lai PF, Shao-Tsu Chen W, Hsuan Day C, Ho TJ, Viswanadha VP, Shibu MA, Huang CY. Nerolidol improves cardiac function in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting cardiac inflammation and remodelling associated TLR4/ NF-κB signalling cascade. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 147:111837. [PMID: 33212213 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an important mediator of hypertension and AngII induced cardiac inflammation and remodelling. In this study, the potential of nerolidol to ameliorate hypertension induced cardiac injuries and the underlying mechanism of action was explored by using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro analysis was performed on AngII challenged H9c2 cells and their ability to overcome cardiac inflammation and cardiac remodelling effects was determined by evaluating TLR4/NF-κB signalling cascade using Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence. The results were further ascertained using in vivo experiments. Eighteen week old male rats were randomly allocated into different groups i.e. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, hypertensive SHRs, SHRs treated with a low-dose (75 mg/kg b.w) and high-dose of nerolidol (150 mg/kg b.w) and SHRs treated with captopril (50 mg/kg b.w) through oral gauge and finally analysed through echocardiography, histopathological techniques and molecular analysis. The results show that nerilodol target TLR4/NF-κB signalling and thereby attenuate hypertension associated inflammation and oxidative stress thereby provides effective cardioprotection. Echocardiography analysis showed that nerolidol improved cardiac functional characteristics including Ejection Fraction and Fractional Shortening in the SHRs. Collectively, the data of the study demonstrates nerolidol as a cardio-protective agent against hypertension induced cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Min Lin
- Department of Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, 500, Taiwan; Department of Medical Technology, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, 11260, Taiwan
| | - Khan Farheen Badrealam
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei Fang Lai
- Emergency Department, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - William Shao-Tsu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tzu Chi General Hospital, 707, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan; School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Post‑Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, 97004, Taiwan
| | | | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan; Department of Biological Science and Technology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Narayanankutty A, Sasidharan A, Job JT. Targeting Toll like Receptors in Cancer: Role of TLR Natural and Synthetic Modulators. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:5040-5053. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200720235058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Toll like receptors (TLRs) are a group of transmembrane receptors belonging to the
broad class pattern recognition receptors (PRR), involved in recognition of Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns
(PAMPs) thereby inducing an immune response. Apart from these exogenous PAMPs, numerous endogenous
PAMPs are also ligands for various TLRs thereby activating the TLR dependent immune response, subsequently
leading to the onset of an inflammatory response. Prolonged activation of TLR by these endogenous
PAMPs leads to chronic inflammatory insults to the body and which in turn alters the proliferative patterns of the
cells, which ultimately leads to the development of cancer.
Objectives:
The present review aims to provide a detailed outline of the differential roles of various TLRs in
cancer and the possible use of them as a therapeutic target.
Methods:
Data were collected from PubMed/Sciencedirect/Web of Science database and sorted; the latest literature
on TLRs was incorporated in the review.
Results:
Among the different TLRs, few are reported to be anti-neoplastic, which controls the cell growth and
multiplication in response to the endogenous signals. On the contrary, numerous studies have reported the procarcinogenic
potentials of TLRs. Hence, TLRs have emerged as a potential target for the prevention and treatment
of various types of cancers. Several molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies, small molecule inhibitors and
natural products have shown promising anticancer potential by effectively modulating the TLR signalling.
Conclusion:
Toll-like receptors play vital roles in the process of carcinogenesis, hence TLR targeting is a promising
approach for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunaksharan Narayanankutty
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala-673 008, India
| | | | - Joice T. Job
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, PG and Research Department of Zoology, St. Joseph’s College (Autonomous), Devagiri, Calicut, Kerala-673 008, India
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Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 32021375 PMCID: PMC6954080 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - C J Urso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Viren Jadeja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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Zsengellér ZK, Gerard NP. The oxidation state of cysteine thiols on the ectodomain of TLR2 and TLR4 influences intracellular signaling. Immunobiology 2019; 225:151895. [PMID: 31843260 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Signal transduction by the Toll-like receptors (TLRs) is a key component of innate immunity against many pathogens and also underlies a large burden of human diseases. Therefore, the mechanisms and regulation of signaling from the TLRs are of considerable interest. Here we seek to determine the molecular mechanism by which TLR2 and TLR4, members of the Toll-like receptor family, are activated by bacterial LPS, hyperoxia, and zymosan respectively. Our central hypothesis is that the oxidation state of cysteine thiols on the ectodomain of TLR2 and TLR4 are critical for pathogen-initiated intracellular signaling as well in hyperoxia. Cysteine thiols of TLR4 and its co-receptor MD2 have been shown to aid binding between the two molecules and also bacterial LPS binding to the receptor complex. We extend these findings by demonstrating the oxidation of free thiols on the ectodomain of hTLR4, after exposure to LPS or hyperoxia suggesting that the cysteines on the ectodomain of TLR4 could form intra- or intermolecular disulfide bonds. We also demonstrated blockade of intracellular signaling from TLR4 and TLR2 by thiol-modifying compounds which suggest a novel therapeutic intervention for sepsis, hyperoxia-induced cell injury and yeast infection. In these experiments CHO-3E10, HEK293 cells expressing hTLR2 or hTLR4 and mouse peritoneal macrophages cells were pretreated with cell impermeable maleimides to alkylate thiols on the extracellular domain of TLRs, cells were then exposed to LPS, hyperoxia or zymosan. In all of these models, we detected decreased intracellular signaling from TLR2 or TLR4. Furthermore, incubation with phenyl arsine oxide - which forms stable complexes with vicinal cysteine residues - prevented LPS induced HEK293/hTLR4 intracellular signaling which was reversed by DMPS. Sequence analysis of different TLRs revealed Leucine-Rich Repeat C-terminal (LRRCT) domain that contains 4 conserved cysteines. Further work is required to pinpoint the role of each cysteine in receptor dimerization, pathogen binding, hyperoxia modulation, and intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna K Zsengellér
- Department of Medicine - Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Norma P Gerard
- Ina Sue Perlmutter Cystic Fibrosis Laboratory, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of isoliquiritigenin in kainic acid-induced epileptic rats via the TLR4/MYD88 signaling pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1143-1153. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Human Toll-Like Receptor 4 (hTLR4): Structural and functional dynamics in cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:425-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Li X, Feng D, Chen G. An Update On Medical Treatment for Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Transl Stroke Res 2018; 9:10.1007/s12975-018-0664-5. [PMID: 30206812 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-018-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Dongxia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Temple, 76508, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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14
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Huang J, Zhou Z, Zhou M, Miao M, Li H, Hu Q. Development of benzoxazole deoxybenzoin oxime and acyloxylamine derivatives targeting innate immune sensors and xanthine oxidase for treatment of gout. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:1653-1664. [PMID: 29472126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Both the inhibition of inflammatory flares and the treatment of hyperuricemia itself are included in the management of gout. Extending our efforts to development of gout therapy, two series of benzoxazole deoxybenzoin oxime derivatives as inhibitors of innate immune sensors and xanthine oxidase (XOD) were discovered in improving hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis. In vitro studies revealed that most compounds not only suppressed XOD activity, but blocked activations of NOD-like receptor (NLRP3) inflammasome and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway. More importantly, (E)-1-(6-methoxybenzo[d]oxazol-2-yl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone oxime (5d) exhibited anti-hyperuricemic and anti-acute gouty arthritis activities through regulating XOD, NLRP3 and TLR4. Compound 5d may serve as a tool compound for further design of anti-gout drugs targeting both innate immune sensors and XOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zehao Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Mingxing Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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15
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Prince PD, Fischerman L, Toblli JE, Fraga CG, Galleano M. LPS-induced renal inflammation is prevented by (-)-epicatechin in rats. Redox Biol 2016; 11:342-349. [PMID: 28039839 PMCID: PMC5200882 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the capacity of (−)-epicatechin to prevent the renal damage induced by LPS administration in rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed for 4 days a diet without or with supplementation with (−)-epicatechin (80 mg/kg BW/d), and subsequently i.p. injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Six hours after injection, LPS-treated rats exhibited increased plasma creatinine and urea levels as indicators of impaired renal function. The renal cortex of the LPS-treated rats showed: i) increased expression of inflammatory molecules (TNF-α, iNOS and IL-6); ii) activation of several steps of NF-κB pathway; iii) overexpression of TLR4, and iv) higher superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation index in association with increased levels of gp91phox and p47phox (NOX2) and NOX4. Pretreatment with dietary (−)-epicatechin prevented the adverse effects of LPS challenge essentially by inhibiting TLR4 upregulation and NOX activation and the consequent downstream events, e.g. NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Denise Prince
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Fischerman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge E Toblli
- Laboratorio de Medicina Experimental, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cesar G Fraga
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Monica Galleano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analitica y Fisicoquimica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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16
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Ahn SI, Kim JS, Gu GJ, Shin HM, Kim AY, Shim HJ, Kim YJ, Koh KO, Mang JY, Kim DY, Youn HS. Suppression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 Dimerization by 1-[5-Methoxy-2-(2-nitrovinyl)phenyl]pyrrolidine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:785-790. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Il Ahn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Soo Kim
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Gyo-Jeong Gu
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Myeong Shin
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Yeon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Shim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Joo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Soonchunhyang University; Asan-Si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Oh Koh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Soonchunhyang University; Asan-Si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Yang Mang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Soonchunhyang University; Asan-Si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences; Soonchunhyang University; Asan-Si Chungnam Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Sun Youn
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences; SoonChunHyang University; Chungnam Asan Republic of Korea
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17
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Flavonoids as Potential Immunosuppressants Affecting Intracellular Signaling Pathways (a Review). Pharm Chem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-016-1345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Peng F, Du Q, Peng C, Wang N, Tang H, Xie X, Shen J, Chen J. A Review: The Pharmacology of Isoliquiritigenin. Phytother Res 2015; 29:969-77. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Peng
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
| | - Qiaohui Du
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
| | - Neng Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Hailin Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; 10 Sassoon Road Pokfulam Hong Kong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Chengdu 610075 China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources; Sichuan Province and Ministry of Science and Technology; Chengdu 610075 China
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Pérez-Cano FJ, Massot-Cladera M, Rodríguez-Lagunas MJ, Castell M. Flavonoids Affect Host-Microbiota Crosstalk through TLR Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2014; 3:649-70. [PMID: 26785232 PMCID: PMC4665504 DOI: 10.3390/antiox3040649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction between host cells and microbes is known as crosstalk. Among other mechanisms, this takes place when certain molecules of the micro-organisms are recognized by the toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the body cells, mainly in the intestinal epithelial cells and in the immune cells. TLRs belong to the pattern-recognition receptors and represent the first line of defense against pathogens, playing a pivotal role in both innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation in the activity of such receptors can lead to the development of chronic and severe inflammation as well as immunological disorders. Among components present in the diet, flavonoids have been suggested as antioxidant dietary factors able to modulate TLR-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the molecular targets involved in the modulatory action of flavonoids on TLR-mediated signaling pathways, providing an overview of the mechanisms involved in such action. Particular flavonoids have been able to modify the composition of the microbiota, to modulate TLR gene and protein expression, and to regulate the downstream signaling molecules involved in the TLR pathway. These synergistic mechanisms suggest the role of some flavonoids in the preventive effect on certain chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Pérez-Cano
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Malen Massot-Cladera
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Maria J Rodríguez-Lagunas
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Feixa Llarga s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, E-08907 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Margarida Castell
- Departament de Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària (INSA-UB), E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Patil SP, Liu C, Alban J, Yang N, Li XM. Glycyrrhiza uralensis flavonoids inhibit brain microglial cell TNF-α secretion, p-IκB expression, and increase brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) secretion. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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21
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Zhou Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Anne Stetler R, Yang QW. Inflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage: from mechanisms to clinical translation. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 115:25-44. [PMID: 24291544 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10-15% of all strokes and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Currently, no effective medical treatment is available to improve functional outcomes in patients with ICH. Potential therapies targeting secondary brain injury are arousing a great deal of interest in translational studies. Increasing evidence has shown that inflammation is the key contributor of ICH-induced secondary brain injury. Inflammation progresses in response to various stimuli produced after ICH. Hematoma components initiate inflammatory signaling via activation of microglia, subsequently releasing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to attract peripheral inflammatory infiltration. Hemoglobin (Hb), heme, and iron released after red blood cell lysis aggravate ICH-induced inflammatory injury. Danger associated molecular patterns such as high mobility group box 1 protein, released from damaged or dead cells, trigger inflammation in the late stage of ICH. Preclinical studies have identified inflammatory signaling pathways that are involved in microglial activation, leukocyte infiltration, toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, and danger associated molecular pattern regulation in ICH. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of ICH-induced inflammatory injury have facilitated the identification of several novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ICH. This review summarizes recent progress concerning the mechanisms underlying ICH-induced inflammation. We focus on the inflammatory signaling pathways involved in microglial activation and TLR signaling, and explore potential therapeutic interventions by targeting the removal of hematoma components and inhibition of TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R Anne Stetler
- Center of Cerebrovascular Disease Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Peri F, Calabrese V. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) modulation by synthetic and natural compounds: an update. J Med Chem 2013; 57:3612-22. [PMID: 24188011 DOI: 10.1021/jm401006s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), together with MD-2, binds bacterial endotoxins (E) with high affinity, triggering formation of the activated homodimer (E.MD-2.TLR4)2. Activated TLR4 induces intracellular signaling leading to activation of transcription factors that result in cytokine and chemokine production and initiation of inflammatory and immune responses. TLR4 also responds to endogenous ligands called danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Increased sensitivity to infection and a variety of immune pathologies have been associated with either too little or too much TLR4 activation. We review here the molecular mechanisms of TLR4 activation (agonism) or inhibition (antagonism) by small organic molecules of both natural and synthetic origin. The role of co-receptors MD-2 and CD14 in the TLR4 modulation process is also discussed. Recent achievements in the field of chemical TLR4 modulation are reviewed, with special focus on nonclassical TLR4 ligands with a chemical structure different from that of lipid A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Peri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca , Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
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23
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Fang H, Wang PF, Zhou Y, Wang YC, Yang QW. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in intracerebral hemorrhage-induced inflammation and injury. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:27. [PMID: 23414417 PMCID: PMC3598479 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common type of fatal stroke, accounting for about 15% to 20% of all strokes. Hemorrhagic strokes are associated with high mortality and morbidity, and increasing evidence shows that innate immune responses and inflammatory injury play a critical role in ICH-induced neurological deficits. However, the signaling pathways involved in ICH-induced inflammatory responses remain elusive. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) belongs to a large family of pattern recognition receptors that play a key role in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. In this review, we summarize recent findings concerning the involvement of TLR4 signaling in ICH-induced inflammation and brain injury. We discuss the key mechanisms associated with TLR4 signaling in ICH and explore the potential for therapeutic intervention by targeting TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao Zhengjie No,183, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400037, China
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24
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Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling is a well-characterized, innate immune cellular defense mechanism used to detect and respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR signaling is highly conserved and has evolved to have both extracellular and endosomal receptors that recognize PAMPs from a wide range of microbial pathogens. Recent literature has emerged to show that activation of TLRs not only leads to the upregulation of cellular defense mechanisms, but also results in upregulation of DNA repair genes and increased functional DNA repair. Endosomal TLR agonists result in increased survival and repair after both ionizing and UV radiation, suggesting that the repair pathways for single- and double-strand breaks are affected. This review brings together these and other experimental findings to examine how DNA repair pathways may be linked to TLR signaling. Also discussed are the varied outcomes and related physiological implications that increased DNA repair after injury might have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Harberts
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore
| | - Anthony Gaspari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Medical School, Baltimore
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland, Baltimore
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25
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Chahal DS, Sivamani RK, Rivkah Isseroff R, Dasu MR. Plant-Based Modulation of Toll-like Receptors: An Emerging Therapeutic Model. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1423-38. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dev S. Chahal
- Department of Dermatology; University of California-Davis; Sacramento CA, USA
| | - Raja K. Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology; University of California-Davis; Sacramento CA, USA
| | - R. Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology; University of California-Davis; Sacramento CA, USA
- Department of Dermatology; Veterans Affairs; Mather CA, USA
| | - Mohan R. Dasu
- Department of Dermatology; University of California-Davis; Sacramento CA, USA
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26
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Licorice isoliquiritigenin suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and prevents inflammatory bone loss in vivo. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1139-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Honda H, Nagai Y, Matsunaga T, Saitoh SI, Akashi-Takamura S, Hayashi H, Fujii I, Miyake K, Muraguchi A, Takatsu K. Glycyrrhizin and isoliquiritigenin suppress the LPS sensor toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex signaling in a different manner. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 91:967-76. [PMID: 22422925 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0112038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidences suggest that the extracts of plant products are able to modulate innate immune responses. A saponin GL and a chalcone ILG are representative components of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, which attenuate inflammatory responses mediated by TLRs. Here, we show that GL and ILG suppress different steps of the LPS sensor TLR4/MD-2 complex signaling at the receptor level. Extract of G. uralensis suppressed IL-6 and TNF-α production induced by lipid A moiety of LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Among various G. uralensis-related components of saponins and flavanones/chalcones, GL and ILG could suppress IL-6 production induced by lipid A in dose-dependent manners in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, elevation of plasma TNF-α in LPS-injected mice was attenuated by passive administration of GL or ILG. GL and ILG inhibited lipid A-induced NF-κB activation in Ba/F3 cells expressing TLR4/MD-2 and CD14 and BMMs. These components also inhibited activation of MAPKs, including JNK, p38, and ERK in BMMs. In addition, GL and ILG inhibited NF-κB activation and IL-6 production induced by paclitaxel, a nonbacterial TLR4 ligand. Interestingly, GL attenuated the formation of the LPS-TLR4/MD-2 complexes, resulting in inhibition of homodimerization of TLR4. Although ILG did not affect LPS binding to TLR4/MD-2, it could inhibit LPS-induced TLR4 homodimerization. These results imply that GL and ILG modulate the TLR4/MD-2 complex at the receptor level, leading to suppress LPS-induced activation of signaling cascades and cytokine production, but their effects are exerted at different steps of TLR4/MD-2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Honda
- Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, Toyama, Japan
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28
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Feldman M, Santos J, Grenier D. Comparative evaluation of two structurally related flavonoids, isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin, for their oral infection therapeutic potential. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1862-1867. [PMID: 21866899 DOI: 10.1021/np200174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Isoliquiritigenin (1) and liquiritigenin (2) are structurally related flavonoids found in a variety of plants. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of biological properties of these compounds in regard to their therapeutic potential for oral infections. Compound 1 demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against three major periodontopathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella intermedia. In contrast, 2 exerted less pronounced effects on the above bacterial species. Neither compound was effective against cariogenic bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus). Furthermore, 1 exhibited a stronger inhibitory activity than 2 toward P. gingivalis collagenase and human matrix metalloproteinase 9. Finally, the capacity of 1 to attenuate the inflammatory response of macrophages induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was much higher when compared to 2. The activation of transcriptional factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and activator protein-1 (AP-1) associated with the LPS-induced inflammatory response in macrophages was inhibited strongly by 1, but less affected by 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Feldman
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Québec City, QC, Canada, G1V 0A6
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29
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Liu X, Zheng J, Zhou H. TLRs as pharmacological targets for plant-derived compounds in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:1451-6. [PMID: 21586344 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are generally involved in host immune responses against microbial invasions. Dysfunction of TLRs is closely related to infectious and inflammatory diseases, for which therapeutic manipulation with TLRs agonists and antagonists represent a promising drug strategy. Medicinal plants were used traditionally for the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Active compounds derived from these plants were also found with unique features as TLRs agonists and antagonists. These findings bring about new hopes for the application of these naturally existed TLRs modulators. They also provide evidences encouraging further research work of continued characterization for these compounds, which will become promising drug candidates in TLRs-based therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, PR China
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30
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Yadav VR, Prasad S, Sung B, Aggarwal BB. The role of chalcones in suppression of NF-κB-mediated inflammation and cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:295-309. [PMID: 21184860 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although consumption of fruits, vegetables, spices, cereals and pulses has been associated with lower incidence of cancer and other chronic diseases, how these dietary agents and their active ingredients minimize these diseases, is not fully understood. Whether it is oranges, kawa, hops, water-lilly, locorice, wax apple or mulberry, they are all connected by a group of aromatic ketones, called chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones). Some of the most significant chalcones identified from these plants include flavokawin, butein, xanthoangelol, 4-hydroxyderricin, cardamonin, 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone, isoliquiritigenin, isosalipurposide, and naringenin chalcone. These chalcones have been linked with immunomodulation, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. The current review, however, deals with the role of various chalcones in inflammation that controls both the immune system and tumorigenesis. Inflammatory pathways have been shown to mediate the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis of tumors. How these chalcones modulate inflammatory pathways, tumorigenesis and immune system is the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek R Yadav
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, TX, USA
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