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Recent Green Technologies in Natural Stilbenoids Production and Extraction: The Next Chapter in the Cosmetic Industry. COSMETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics9050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stilbenoids are well-known phytoalexins in the group of polyphenolic compounds. Because of their potent bioactivities, including antioxidant, antityrosinase, photoprotective, and antibacterial activities, stilbenoids are utilized as pharmaceutical active ingredient in cosmetic products. Thus, the demand for stilbenoids in the cosmetic industry is increasing. The main sources of stilbenoids are plants. Although plants are green and sustainable source materials, some of them do not allow a regular and constant supply due to seasonal and geographic reasons. Stilbenoids typically have been extracted by conventional organic solvent extraction, and then purified by separation techniques. This method is unfriendly to the environment and may deteriorate human health. Hence, the procedures called “green technologies” are focused on novel extraction methods and sustainable stilbenoids production by using biotechnology. In this review, the chemical structures together with the biosynthesis and current plant sources of resveratrol, oxyresveratrol, and piceatannol are described. Furthermore, recent natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for green extraction as well as plant cell cultures for the production of those stilbene compounds are updated.
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Teka T, Zhang L, Ge X, Li Y, Han L, Yan X. Stilbenes: Source plants, chemistry, biosynthesis, pharmacology, application and problems related to their clinical Application-A comprehensive review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 197:113128. [PMID: 35183567 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Stilbenes are some of the important phenolic compounds originating from plant families like Vitaceae, Leguminaceae, Gnetaceae, and Dipterocarpaceae. Structurally, they have a C6-C2-C6 skeleton, usually with two isomeric forms. Stilbenes are biosynthesized due to biotic and abiotic stresses such as microbial infections, high temperatures, and oxidation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of stilbenes' botanical sources, chemistry, biosynthetic pathways, pharmacology, and clinical applications and challenges based on up-to-date data. All included studies were collected from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and CNKI, and the presented data from these indexed studies were analyzed and summarized. A total of 459 natural stilbene compounds from 45 plant families and 196 plant species were identified. Pharmacological studies also show that stilbenes have various activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-degenerative diseases, anti-diabetic, neuroprotective, anti-aging, and cardioprotective effects. Stilbene synthase (STS) is the key enzyme involved in stilbene biosynthetic pathways. Studies on the therapeutic application of stilbenes pinpoint that challenges such as low bioavailability and isomerization are the major bottlenecks for their development as therapeutic drugs. Although the medicinal uses of several stilbenes have been demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, studies on the development of stilbenes deserve more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tekleab Teka
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, P. O. Box 1145, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Lele Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Yanjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China
| | - Lifeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, PR China.
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Sun FJ, Li M, Gu L, Wang ML, Yang MH. Recent progress on anti-Candida natural products. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:561-579. [PMID: 34419257 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Candida is an intractable life-threatening pathogen. Candida infection is extremely difficult to eradicate, and thus is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. Morevover, the rapid spread of drug-resistant fungi has led to significant decreases in the therapeutic effects of clinical drugs. New anti-Candida agents are urgently needed to solve the complicated medical problem. Natural products with intricate structures have attracted great attention of researchers who make every endeavor to discover leading compounds for antifungal agents. Their novel mechanisms and diverse modes of action expand the variety of fungistatic agents and reduce the emergence of drug resistance. In recent decades, considerable effort has been devoted to finding unique antifungal agents from nature and revealing their unusual mechanisms, which results in important progress on the development of new antifungals, such as the novel cell wall inhibitors YW3548 and SCY-078 which are being tested in clinical trials. This review will present a brief summary on the landscape of anti-Candida natural products within the last decade. We will also discuss in-depth the research progress on diverse natural fungistatic agents along with their novel mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Juan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming-Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Likhitwitayawuid K. Oxyresveratrol: Sources, Productions, Biological Activities, Pharmacokinetics, and Delivery Systems. Molecules 2021; 26:4212. [PMID: 34299485 PMCID: PMC8307110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol has recently attracted much research attention due to its simple chemical structure and diverse therapeutic potentials. Previous reviews describe the chemistry and biological activities of this phytoalexin, but additional coverage and greater accessibility are still needed. The current review provides a more comprehensive summary, covering research from 1955 to the present year. Oxyresveratrol occurs in both gymnosperms and angiosperms. However, it has never been reported in plants in the subclass Sympetalae, and this point might be of both chemotaxonomic and biosynthetic importance. Oxyresveratrol can be easily obtained from plant materials by conventional methods, and several systems for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of oxyresveratrol contents in plant materials and plant products are available. Oxyresveratrol possesses diverse biological and pharmacological activities such as the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and protective effects against neurological disorders and digestive ailments. However, the unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties of oxyresveratrol, including low water solubility and poor oral availability and stability, have posed challenges to its development as a useful therapeutic agent. Recently, several delivery systems have emerged, with promising outcomes that may improve chances for the clinical study of oxyresveratrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kittisak Likhitwitayawuid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Development of a new nano arginase HPLC capillary column for the fast screening of arginase inhibitors and evaluation of their binding affinity. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1175:122751. [PMID: 33991957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid Nano LC method has been developed for the screening of arginase inhibitors. The method is based on the immobilization of biotinylated arginase on a neutravidin functionalized nano HPLC capillary column. The arginase immobilization step performed by frontal analysis is very fast and only takes a few minutes. The miniaturized capillary column of 170 nL (length 5 cm, internal diameter 75 μm) significantly decreased the required amount of used enzyme (25 pmol). This was of significance importance when working with less available or expensive purified enzyme. Non-selective adsorption of the organic monolith matrix was reduced (<6%) and the arginase efficient yield was high (92%). The resultant affinity capillary columns showed excellent repeatability and long lifetime. The arginase reaction product was achieved within 60 s and the immobilized arginase retained 97% of the initial activity beyond 90 days. This novel approach can thus be used for the fast evaluation of recognition assay induced bya series of inhibitor molecules (caffeic acid phenylamide, chlorogenic acid, piceatannol, nor-NOHA acetate) and plant extracts.
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Quintal Martínez JP, Segura Campos MR. Cnidoscolus Aconitifolius (Mill.) I.M. Johnst.: A Food Proposal Against Thromboembolic Diseases. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1934002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maurya S, Chandra M, Yadav RK, Narnoliya LK, Sangwan RS, Bansal S, Sandhu P, Singh U, Kumar D, Sangwan NS. Interspecies comparative features of trichomes in Ocimum reveal insights for biosynthesis of specialized essential oil metabolites. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:893-907. [PMID: 30656458 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-01338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum species commonly referred to as "Tulsi" are well-known for their distinct medicinal and aromatic properties. The characteristic aroma of Ocimum species and cultivars is attributed to their specific combination of volatile phytochemicals mainly belonging to terpenoid and/or phenylpropanoid classes in their essential oils. The essential oil constituents are synthesized and sequestered in specialized epidermal secretory structures called as glandular trichomes. In this comparative study, inter- and intra-species diversity in structural attributes and profiles of expression of selected genes related to terpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathways have been investigated. This is performed to seek relationship of variations in the yield and phytochemical composition of the essential oils. Microscopic analysis of trichomes of O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharicum, and O. tenuiflorum (green and purple cultivars) revealed substantial variations in density, size, and relative proportions of peltate and capitate trichomes among them. The essential oil yield has been observed to be controlled by the population, dominance, and size of peltate and capitate glandular trichomes. The essential oil sequestration in leaf is controlled by the dominance of peltate glandular trichome size over its number and is also affected by the capitate glandular trichome size/number with variations in leaf area albeit at lower proportions. Comprehension and comparison of results of GC-MS analysis of essential oils showed that most of the Ocimum (O. basilicum, O. tenuiflorum, and O. gratissimum) species produce phenylpropanoids (eugenol, methyl chavicol) as major volatiles except O. kilimandscharicum, which is discrete in being monoterpenoid-rich species. Among the phenylpropanoid-enriched Ocimum (O. basilicum, O. gratissimum, O. tenuiflorum purple, O. tenuiflorum green) as well, terpenoids were important constituents in imparting characteristic aroma. Further, comparative abundance of transcripts of key genes of phenylpropanoid (PAL, C4H, 4CL, CAD, COMT, and ES) and terpenoid (DXS and HMGR) biosynthetic pathways was evaluated vis-à-vis volatile oil constituents. Transcript abundance demonstrated that richness of their essential oils with specific constituent(s) of a chemical group/subgroup was manifested by the predominant upregulation of phenylpropanoid/terpenoid pathway genes. The study provides trichomes as well as biosynthetic pathway-based knowledge for genetic improvement in Ocimum species for essential oil yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Maurya
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Muktesh Chandra
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Ritesh K Yadav
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Lokesh K Narnoliya
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Rajender S Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), P.O. Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Shilpi Bansal
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
- CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Pankajpreet Sandhu
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), P.O. Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Umesh Singh
- Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (A National Institute under the Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), P.O. Manauli, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Devender Kumar
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India
| | - Neelam Singh Sangwan
- Department of Metabolic and Structural Biology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
- CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Kim S, Lee DG. Oxyresveratrol-induced DNA cleavage triggers apoptotic response in Candida albicans. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:1112-1121. [PMID: 30024372 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol is a naturally occurring phytoalexin produced by plants in response to infection. Biological activities of oxyresveratrol have been studied such as antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammation. However, further antimicrobial activity and its mechanism need to be investigated. This study exhibited growth inhibition against pathogenic fungi and investigated its mode of action. Oxyresveratrol inflicted cleavage on DNA, leading to G2/M phase arrest. DNA damage by oxyresveratrol was not the result of oxidative stress but it was triggered by direct binding to DNA. Oxyresveratrol-treated cells showed an apoptotic pathway characterized by phosphatidylserine exposure, apoptotic volume decrease and metacaspase activation. Mitochondria-associated apoptotic features also appeared. Oxyresveratrol-induced Ca2+ overload led to mitochondrial membrane depolarization and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. In conclusion, oxyresveratrol with DNA-binding affinity induces DNA cleavage, and eventually leads to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gun Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Catania TM, Branigan CA, Stawniak N, Hodson J, Harvey D, Larson TR, Czechowski T, Graham IA. Silencing amorpha-4,11-diene synthase Genes in Artemisia annua Leads to FPP Accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:547. [PMID: 29896204 PMCID: PMC5986941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua is established as an efficient crop for the production of the anti-malarial compound artemisinin, a sesquiterpene lactone synthesized and stored in Glandular Secretory Trichomes (GSTs) located on the leaves and inflorescences. Amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (AMS) catalyzes the conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to amorpha-4,11-diene and diphosphate, which is the first committed step in the synthesis of artemisinin. FPP is the precursor for sesquiterpene and sterol biosynthesis in the plant. This work aimed to investigate the effect of blocking the synthesis of artemisinin in the GSTs of a high artemisinin yielding line, Artemis, by down regulating AMS. We determined that there are up to 12 AMS gene copies in Artemis, all expressed in GSTs. We used sequence homology to design an RNAi construct under the control of a GST specific promoter that was predicted to be effective against all 12 of these genes. Stable transformation of Artemis with this construct resulted in over 95% reduction in the content of artemisinin and related products, and a significant increase in the FPP pool. The Artemis AMS silenced lines showed no morphological alterations, and metabolomic and gene expression analysis did not detect any changes in the levels of other major sesquiterpene compounds or sesquiterpene synthase genes in leaf material. FPP also acts as a precursor for squalene and sterol biosynthesis but levels of these compounds were also not altered in the AMS silenced lines. Four unknown oxygenated sesquiterpenes were produced in these lines, but at extremely low levels compared to Artemis non-transformed controls (NTC). This study finds that engineering A. annua GSTs in an Artemis background results in endogenous terpenes related to artemisinin being depleted with the precursor FPP actually accumulating rather than being utilized by other endogenous enzymes. The challenge now is to establish if this precursor pool can act as substrate for production of alternative sesquiterpenes in A. annua.
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Patoine G, Thakur MP, Friese J, Nock C, Hönig L, Haase J, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Eisenhauer N. Plant litter functional diversity effects on litter mass loss depend on the macro-detritivore community. PEDOBIOLOGIA 2017; 65:29-42. [PMID: 29180828 PMCID: PMC5701737 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedobi.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms driving litter diversity effects on decomposition is needed to predict how biodiversity losses affect this crucial ecosystem process. In a microcosm study, we investigated the effects of litter functional diversity and two major groups of soil macro-detritivores on the mass loss of tree leaf litter mixtures. Furthermore, we tested the effects of litter trait community means and dissimilarity on litter mass loss for seven traits relevant to decomposition. We expected macro-detritivore effects on litter mass loss to be most pronounced in litter mixtures of high functional diversity. We used 24 leaf mixtures differing in functional diversity, which were composed of litter from four species from a pool of 16 common European tree species. Earthworms, isopods, or a combination of both were added to each litter combination for two months. Litter mass loss was significantly higher in the presence of earthworms than in that of isopods, whereas no synergistic effects of macro-detritivore mixtures were found. The effect of functional diversity of the litter material was highest in the presence of both macro-detritivore groups, supporting the notion that litter diversity effects are most pronounced in the presence of different detritivore species. Species-specific litter mass loss was explained by nutrient content, secondary compound concentration, and structural components. Moreover, dissimilarity in N concentrations increased litter mass loss, probably because detritivores having access to nutritionally diverse food sources. Furthermore, strong competition between the two macro-detritivores for soil surface litter resulted in a decrease of survival of both macro-detritivores. These results show that the effects of litter functional diversity on decomposition are contingent upon the macro-detritivore community and composition. We conclude that the temporal dynamics of litter trait diversity effects and their interaction with detritivore diversity are key to advancing our understanding of litter mass loss in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Patoine
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology, General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Str, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Madhav P. Thakur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Friese
- Institute of Ecology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Charles Nock
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstrasse 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Hönig
- Institute of Biology, Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Josephine Haase
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstrasse 4, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:726-750. [PMID: 28739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important source for producing chemicals and materials as well as bioenergy. Extraction is regarded as a key technology for obtaining chemicals in general, and valorizing bark as a source of such chemicals in particular. In this paper, properties of 237 compounds identified in various studies dealing with extraction of softwood bark were described. Finally, some challenges and perspectives on the production of chemicals from bark are discussed.
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Pterocarpan scaffold: A natural lead molecule with diverse pharmacological properties. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 128:219-236. [PMID: 28189086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytoalexins are substances produced by plants that act as potent inhibitors of pathogens. Pterocarpans are biologically active isoflavonoids most commonly found in the family Fabaceae that have the ability to act as phytoalexins. It is made up of a tetracyclic ring system possessing benzofuran-benzopyran. A very great number of pterocarpans have been isolated from natural sources and they are proved to have significant biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory and anti-malarial activities. Recently, pterocarpans gained lot of attention because of the broad range of anti-cancer activities in various cancer cell lines such as breast, leukemia, cervical, lung, colon and melanoma. Interestingly, pterocarpans exhibited inhibitory potency against many enzymes such as PTP1B, Neuraminidase, and α-glycosidase. In addition, they were shown to have anti-estrogenic and anti-diabetic activities. This review is a comprehensive inventory of the structures and sources of pterocarpans and it emphasizes on the biological evaluations of pterocarpans from various plant sources and their scope as a lead molecule.
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Docimo T, Francese G, Ruggiero A, Batelli G, De Palma M, Bassolino L, Toppino L, Rotino GL, Mennella G, Tucci M. Phenylpropanoids Accumulation in Eggplant Fruit: Characterization of Biosynthetic Genes and Regulation by a MYB Transcription Factor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 6:1233. [PMID: 26858726 PMCID: PMC4729908 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenylpropanoids are major secondary metabolites in eggplant (Solanum melongena) fruits. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) accounts for 70-90% of total phenolics in flesh tissues, while anthocyanins are mainly present in the fruit skin. As a contribution to the understanding of the peculiar accumulation of these health-promoting metabolites in eggplant, we report on metabolite abundance, regulation of CGA and anthocyanin biosynthesis, and characterization of candidate CGA biosynthetic genes in S. melongena. Higher contents of CGA, Delphinidin 3-rutinoside, and rutin were found in eggplant fruits compared to other tissues, associated to an elevated transcript abundance of structural genes such as PAL, HQT, DFR, and ANS, suggesting that active in situ biosynthesis contributes to anthocyanin and CGA accumulation in fruit tissues. Putative orthologs of the two CGA biosynthetic genes PAL and HQT, as well as a variant of a MYB1 transcription factor showing identity with group six MYBs, were isolated from an Occidental S. melongena traditional variety and demonstrated to differ from published sequences from Asiatic varieties. In silico analysis of the isolated SmPAL1, SmHQT1, SmANS, and SmMyb1 promoters revealed the presence of several Myb regulatory elements for the biosynthetic genes and unique elements for the TF, suggesting its involvement in other physiological roles beside phenylpropanoid biosynthesis regulation. Transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves of SmMyb1 and of a C-terminal SmMyb1 truncated form (SmMyb1Δ9) resulted in anthocyanin accumulation only of SmMyb1 agro-infiltrated leaves. A yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed the interaction of both SmMyb1 and SmMyb1Δ9 with an anthocyanin-related potato bHLH1 TF. Interestingly, a doubled amount of CGA was detected in both SmMyb1 and SmMyb1Δ9 agro-infiltrated leaves, thus suggesting that the N-terminal region of SmMyb1 is sufficient to activate its synthesis. These data suggest that a deletion of the C-terminal region of SmMyb1 does not limit its capability to regulate CGA accumulation, but impairs anthocyanin biosynthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting a functional elucidation of the role of the C-term conserved domain in MYB activator proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Docimo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Gianluca Francese
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaPontecagnano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Monica De Palma
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
| | - Laura Bassolino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Laura Toppino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe L. Rotino
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Unità di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaMontanaso Lombardo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mennella
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Centro di Ricerca per l’OrticolturaPontecagnano, Italy
| | - Marina Tucci
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Bioscienze e BiorisorseUOS Portici, Italy
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Bian X, Shao M, Pan H, Wang K, Huang S, Wu X, Xue C, Hua H, Pei Y, Bai J. Paenibacillin A, a new 2(1H)-pyrazinone ring-containing natural product from the endophytic bacterium Paenibacillus sp. Xy-2. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:125-30. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1041941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Bian
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Meili Shao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Huaqi Pan
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Kaibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Shengdong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Huiming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yuehu Pei
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P.R. China
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15
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Basset C, Eparvier V, Espindola LS. The Search for Antifungals from Amazonian Trees: A Bio-Inspired Screening. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-fungal activity of 60 extracts from 15 tree species in the French Guiana rainforest against human and wood-rotting fungi was studied. In this way (+)-mopanol (1) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Peltogyne sp. (Caesalpiniaceae) wood. This work demonstrated that (1) the natural durability of wood can indeed guide the search for antifungal agents, (2) that extracts selected in this bio-inspired process exhibit a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and (3) that the method allows for the isolation of strongly active antifungals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Basset
- CNRS, UMR ECOFOG, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, 97300 Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- CNRS – Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, 1 avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Laila S. Espindola
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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16
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Houël E, Gonzalez G, Bessière JM, Odonne G, Eparvier V, Deharo E, Stien D. Therapeutic switching: from antidermatophytic essential oils to new leishmanicidal products. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:106-13. [PMID: 25742270 PMCID: PMC4371224 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined whether the antidermatophytic activity of essential oils (EOs)
can be used as an indicator for the discovery of active natural products against
Leishmania amazonensis. The aerial parts of seven plants were hydrodistilled. Using
broth microdilution techniques, the obtained EOs were tested against three strains of
dermatophytes (Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum
canis). To compare the EOs antifungal and antiparasitic effects, the EOs activities
against axenic amastigotes of L. amazonensis were concurrently evaluated. For the
most promising EOs, their antileishmanial activities against parasites infecting
peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice were measured. The most interesting antifungal
candidates were the EOs from Cymbopogon citratus, Otacanthus azureus and Protium
heptaphyllum, whereas O. azureus, Piper hispidum and P. heptaphyllum EOs exhibited
the lowest 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against axenic
amastigotes, thus revealing a certain correspondence between both activities. The P.
hispidum EO was identified as the most promising product in the results from the
infected macrophages model (IC50: 4.7 µg/mL, safety index: 8). The most
abundant compounds found in this EO were sesquiterpenes, notably curzerene and
furanodiene. Eventually, the evaluation of the antidermatophytic activity of EOs
appears to be an efficient method for identifying new potential drugs for the
treatment of L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Houël
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - German Gonzalez
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Guillaume Odonne
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Véronique Eparvier
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Deharo
- Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Didier Stien
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Zhang C, Wang YM, Zhao FC, Chen LM, Zhang QW, Gao HM, Wang ZM. Phenolic Metabolites from the Stems and Leaves ofSophora flavescens. Helv Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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André C, Kapustikova I, Lethier L, Guillaume YC. A Particulate Biochromatographic Support for the Research of Arginase Inhibitors Doped with Nanomaterials: Differences Observed Between Carbon and Boron Nitride Nanotubes. Application to Three Plant Extracts. Chromatographia 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-014-2752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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19
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Xu L, Liu C, Xiang W, Chen H, Qin X, Huang X. Advances in the Study of Oxyresveratrol. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2014.44.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Yeung KS, Peng XS, Wu J, Fan R, Hou XL. Five-Membered Ring Systems. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-099406-2.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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