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Zhang ZM, Zhang J, Cai Q. Enantioselective and collective total synthesis of pentacyclic 19- nor-clerodanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12598-12605. [PMID: 38020367 PMCID: PMC10646913 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04335e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We report herein the collective asymmetric total synthesis of seven pentacyclic 19-nor-clerodane diterpenoids, namely (+)-teucvin (+)-cracroson A, (+)-cracroson E, (+)-montanin A, (+)-teucvisin C, (+)-teucrin A, and (+)-2-hydroxyteuscorolide. An ytterbium-catalyzed asymmetric inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of 4-methyl-2-pyrone with a chiral C5-substituted cyclohexa-1,3-dienol silyl ether is the key feature of the synthesis, which provides the common cis-decalin intermediate with five continuous stereocenters in excellent yield and stereoselectivity. From this diversifiable intermediate, the total synthesis of (+)-teucvin and (+)-2-hydroxyteuscorolide was realized in thirteen and eighteen steps, respectively. From (+)-teucvin, five other pentacyclic 19-nor-clerodanes were divergently and concisely generated through late-stage oxidation state adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Mao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Quan Cai
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Fudan University 220 Handan Rd. Shanghai 200433 China
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2
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Plants with Antimicrobial Activity Growing in Italy: A Pathogen-Driven Systematic Review for Green Veterinary Pharmacology Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070919. [PMID: 35884173 PMCID: PMC9311764 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance threatening humans may be linked with antimicrobial and anthelmintic resistance in other species, especially among farm animals and, more in general, in the entire environment. From this perspective, Green Veterinary Pharmacology was proven successful for the control of parasites in small ruminants and for the control of other pests such as varroa in bee farming. As in anthelmintic resistance, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the major challenges against the successful treatment of infectious diseases, and antimicrobials use in agriculture contributes to the spread of more AMR bacterial phenotypes, genes, and proteins. With this systematic review, we list Italian plants with documented antimicrobial activity against possible pathogenic microbes. Methods: The literature search included all the manuscripts published since 1990 in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the keywords (i) “antimicrobial, plants, Italy”; (ii) “antibacterial, plant, Italy”; (iii) “essential oil, antibacterial, Italy”; (iv) “essential oil, antimicrobial, Italy”; (v) “methanol extract, antibacterial, Italy”; (vi) “methanol extract, antimicrobial, Italy”. Results: In total, 105 manuscripts that documented the inhibitory effect of plants growing in Italy against bacteria were included. One hundred thirty-five plants were recorded as effective against Gram+ bacteria, and 88 against Gram−. This will provide a ready-to-use comprehensive tool to be further tested against the indicated list of pathogens and will suggest new alternative strategies against bacterial pathogens to be employed in Green Veterinary Pharmacology applications.
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3
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Ortiz-Mendoza N, Aguirre-Hernández E, Fragoso-Martínez I, González-Trujano ME, Basurto-Peña FA, Martínez-Gordillo MJ. A Review on the Ethnopharmacology and Phytochemistry of the Neotropical Sages ( Salvia Subgenus Calosphace; Lamiaceae) Emphasizing Mexican Species. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:867892. [PMID: 35517814 PMCID: PMC9061990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.867892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia is the most diverse genus within the mint family (Lamiaceae), many of its species are well-known due to their medicinal and culinary uses. Most of the ethnopharmacological and phytochemical studies on Salvia are centred on species from the European and Asian clades. However, studies about the most diverse clade, the Neotropical sages (Salvia subgenus Calosphace; 587 spp.), are relatively scarce. This review aims to compile the information on the traditional medicinal uses, pharmacological and phytochemistry properties of the Neotropical sages. To do so, we carried out a comprehensive review of the articles available in different online databases published from the past to 2022 (i.e., PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, among others) and summarized the information in tables. To uncover phylogenetic patterns in the distribution of four different groups of metabolites (mono-, sesqui-, di-, and triterpenes), we generated presence-absence matrices and plotted the tip states over a dated phylogeny of Salvia. We found several studies involving Mexican species of Salvia, but only a few about taxa from other diversity centres. The main traditional uses of the Mexican species of Calosphace are medicinal and ceremonial. In traditional medicine 56 species are used to treat diseases from 17 categories according to the WHO, plus cultural-bound syndromes. Pharmacological studies reveal a wide range of biological properties (e.g., antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic, etc.) found in extracts and isolated compounds of 38 Neotropical sages. From extracts of these species, at least 109 compounds have been isolated, identified and evaluated pharmacologically; 73 of these compounds are clerodanes, 21 abietanes, six flavonoids, five sesquiterpenoids, and four triterpenoids. The most characteristic metabolites found in the Neotropical sages are the diterpenes, particularly clerodanes (e.g., Amarisolide A, Tilifodiolide), that are found almost exclusively in this group. The Neotropical sages are a promising resource in the production of herbal medication, but studies that corroborate the properties that have been attributed to them in traditional medicine are scarce. Research of these metabolites guided by the phylogenies is recommended, since closely related species tend to share the presence of similar compounds and thus similar medicinal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ortiz-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Aguirre-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - María Eva González-Trujano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología de Productos Naturales, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias del Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco A. Basurto-Peña
- Jardin Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha J. Martínez-Gordillo
- Departamento de Biología Comparada, Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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4
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Efficacy of Ursolic Acid-Enriched Water-Soluble and Not Cytotoxic Nanoparticles against Enterococci. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111976. [PMID: 34834390 PMCID: PMC8625572 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid acid found in many medicinal plants and aromas, is known for its antibacterial effects against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-positive bacteria, which seriously threaten human health. Unfortunately, UA water-insolubility, low bioavailability, and systemic toxicity limit the possibilities of its application in vivo. Consequently, the beneficial activities of UA observed in vitro lose their potential clinical relevance unless water-soluble, not cytotoxic UA formulations are developed. With a nano-technologic approach, we have recently prepared water-soluble UA-loaded dendrimer nanoparticles (UA-G4K NPs) non-cytotoxic on HeLa cells, with promising physicochemical properties for their clinical applications. In this work, with the aim of developing a new antibacterial agent based on UA, UA-G4K has been tested on different strains of the Enterococcus genus, including marine isolates, toward which UA-G4K has shown minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) very low (0.5-4.3 µM), regardless of their resistance to antibiotics. Time-kill experiments, in addition to confirming the previously reported bactericidal activity of UA against E. faecium, also established it for UA-G4K. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments on human keratinocytes revealed that nanomanipulation of UA significantly reduced the cytotoxicity of UA, providing UA-G4K NPs with very high LD50 (96.4 µM) and selectivity indices, which were in the range 22.4-192.8, depending on the enterococcal strain tested. Due to its physicochemical and biological properties, UA-G4K could be seriously evaluated as a novel oral-administrable therapeutic option for tackling difficult-to-treat enterococcal infections.
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5
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Hsu H, Sheth CC, Veses V. Herbal Extracts with Antifungal Activity against Candida albicans: A Systematic Review. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:90-117. [PMID: 32600229 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200628032116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the era of antimicrobial resistance, fungal pathogens are not an exception. Several strategies, including antimicrobial stewardship programs and high throughput screening of new drugs, are being implemented. Several recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of plant compounds with antifungal activity. In this systematic review, we examine the use of natural compounds as a possible avenue to fight fungal infections produced by Candida albicans, the most common human fungal pathogen. Electronic literature searches were conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Science Direct limited to the 5 years. A total of 131 articles were included, with 186 plants extracts evaluated. Although the majority of the natural extracts exhibited antifungal activities against C. albicans (both in vivo and in vitro), the strongest antifungal activity was obtained from Lawsonia inermis, Pelargonium graveolens, Camellia sinensis, Mentha piperita, and Citrus latifolia. The main components with proven antifungal activities were phenolic compounds such as gallic acid, thymol, and flavonoids (especially catechin), polyphenols such as tannins, terpenoids and saponins. The incorporation of nanotechnology greatly enhances the antifungal properties of these natural compounds. Further research is needed to fully characterize the composition of all herbal extracts with antifungal activity as well as the mechanisms of action of the active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chirag C Sheth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada 46113, Valencia, Spain
| | - Veronica Veses
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Moncada 46113, Valencia, Spain
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6
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Polbuppha I, Suthiphasilp V, Maneerat T, Charoensup R, Limtharakul T, Cheenpracha S, Pyne SG, Laphookhieo S. Nitric oxide production inhibitory activity of clerodane diterpenes from Monoon membranifolium. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2513-2517. [PMID: 33858270 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1912044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new clerodane diterpene, 2β-methoxyhardwickiic acid (1), and four known compounds (2-5) were isolated from the twigs of Monoon membranifolium. The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic methods and ESITOFMS data. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by a comparison of its ECD spectrum and specific rotation with those of related previously reported compounds. All compounds were evaluated for their nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Compounds 3 and 5 inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 16.1 and 28.9 μM, respectively, which were better than that of standard compound, indomethacin (IC50 = 32.2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaraporn Polbuppha
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Virayu Suthiphasilp
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Tharakorn Maneerat
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah, Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Rawiwan Charoensup
- Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah, Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,School of Integrative Medicine, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Thunwadee Limtharakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Research Center on Chemistry for Development of Health Promoting Products from Northern Resources, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Surat Laphookhieo
- Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.,Medicinal Plant Innovation Center of Mae Fah, Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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7
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Móricz ÁM, Krüzselyi D, Ott PG, Garádi Z, Béni S, Morlock GE, Bakonyi J. Bioactive clerodane diterpenes of giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) root extract. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461727. [PMID: 33338903 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) root extract was screened for bioactive compounds by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), coupled with effect-directed analysis including antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis F1276, B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii, Aliivibrio fischeri and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria), antifungal (Fusarium avenaceum) and enzyme inhibition (acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterases, α- and β-glucosidases and α-amylase) assays. Compounds of six multipotent zones (Sg1-Sg6) were characterized by HPTLC-heated electrospray ionization-high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and HPTLC-Direct Analysis in Real Time-HRMS. Apart from zone Sg3, containing three compounds, a single characteristic compound was detectable in each bioactive zone. The bioassay-guided isolation using preparative-scale flash chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography provided eight compounds that were identified by NMR spectroscopy as clerodane diterpenes. All isolates possessed inhibiting activity against at least one of the tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes M Móricz
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dániel Krüzselyi
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter G Ott
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Garádi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Béni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Üllői Str. 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gertrud E Morlock
- Chair of Food Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, and TransMIT Center of Effect-Directed Analysis, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - József Bakonyi
- Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Herman O. Str. 15, 1022 Budapest, Hungary
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8
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Bisio A, Schito AM, Pedrelli F, Danton O, Reinhardt JK, Poli G, Tuccinardi T, Bürgi T, De Riccardis F, Giacomini M, Calzia D, Panfoli I, Schito GC, Hamburger M, De Tommasi N. Antibacterial and ATP Synthesis Modulating Compounds from Salvia tingitana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1027-1042. [PMID: 32182064 PMCID: PMC7997632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A surface extract of the aerial parts of Salvia tingitana afforded a nor-sesterterpenoid (1) and eight new sesterterpenoids (2-̵9), along with five known sesterterpenoids, five labdane and one abietane diterpenoid, one sesquiterpenoid, and four flavonoids. The structures of the new compounds were established by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, HRESIMS, and VCD data and Mosher's esters analysis. The antimicrobial activity of compounds was evaluated against 30 human pathogens including 27 clinical strains and three isolates of marine origin for their possible implications on human health. The methyl ester of salvileucolide (10), salvileucolide-6,23-lactone (11), sclareol (15), and manool (17) were the most active against Gram-positive bacteria. The compounds were also tested for the inhibition of ATP production in purified mammalian rod outer segments. Terpenoids 10, 11, 15, and 17 inhibited ATP production, while only 17 inhibited also ATP hydrolysis. Molecular modeling studies confirmed the capacity of 17 to interact with mammalian ATP synthase. A significant reduction of ATP production in the presence of 17 was observed in Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bisio
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna M. Schito
- Department
of Integrated Surgical and Diagnostical Sciences, University of Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Pedrelli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Ombeline Danton
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob K. Reinhardt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Poli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Francesco De Riccardis
- Department
of Chemistry and Biology, University of
Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Department
of Informatics Bioengineering Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genova, Via all’Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Department
of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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9
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Clerodane diterpenoids with potential anti-inflammatory activity from the leaves and twigs of Callicarpa cathayana. Chin J Nat Med 2019; 17:953-962. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(19)30118-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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10
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Bisio A, De Mieri M, Milella L, Schito AM, Parricchi A, Russo D, Alfei S, Lapillo M, Tuccinardi T, Hamburger M, De Tommasi N. Antibacterial and Hypoglycemic Diterpenoids from Salvia chamaedryoides. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:503-514. [PMID: 28186413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A surface extract of the aerial parts of Salvia chamaedryoides afforded 13 diterpenes (1-13), with seven compounds (1, 3, 4, 7-9, 12) described for the first time. The structures of the new compounds were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, HRESIMS, and ECD data. The potential hypoglycemic effects of the crude extract, fractions, and pure compounds from S. chamaedryoides were investigated by inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The extract and its fractions showed a moderate dose-dependent inhibition; the pure compounds exhibited differential inhibitory activity against these two enzymes. Molecular modeling studies were also performed to suggest the interaction mode of compound 3 in the α-glucosidase enzyme active site. The antimicrobial activity of the purified compounds was investigated against 26 clinical pathogens. No activity was detected for the Gram-negative species tested nor on Candida albicans and C. glabrata, while variable susceptibilities were observed using Gram-positive staphylococcal and enterococcal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria De Mieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luigi Milella
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata , Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Anna M Schito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova , Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Anita Parricchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata , Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - Silvana Alfei
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova , Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genova, Italy
| | - Margherita Lapillo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6 and 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa , Via Bonanno 6 and 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno , Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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11
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Li R, Morris-Natschke SL, Lee KH. Clerodane diterpenes: sources, structures, and biological activities. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:1166-226. [PMID: 27433555 PMCID: PMC5154363 DOI: 10.1039/c5np00137d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1990 to 2015The clerodane diterpenoids are a widespread class of secondary metabolites and have been found in several hundreds of plant species from various families and in organisms from other taxonomic groups. These substances have attracted interest in recent years due to their notable biological activities, particularly insect antifeedant properties. In addition, the major active clerodanes of Salvia divinorum can be used as novel opioid receptor probes, allowing greater insight into opioid receptor-mediated phenomena, as well as opening additional areas for chemical investigation. This article provides extensive coverage of naturally occurring clerodane diterpenes discovered from 1990 until 2015, and follows up on the 1992 review by Merritt and Ley in this same journal. The distribution, chemotaxonomic significance, chemical structures, and biological activities of clerodane diterpenes are summarized. In the cases where sufficient information is available, structure activity relationship (SAR) correlations and mode of action of active clerodanes have been presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongtao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568, USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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12
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Sadowska B, Kuźma Ł, Micota B, Budzyńska A, Wysokińska H, Kłys A, Więckowska-Szakiel M, Różalska B. New biological potential of abietane diterpenoids isolated from Salvia austriaca against microbial virulence factors. Microb Pathog 2016; 98:132-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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Cortese K, Daga A, Monticone M, Tavella S, Stefanelli A, Aiello C, Bisio A, Bellese G, Castagnola P. Carnosic acid induces proteasomal degradation of Cyclin B1, RB and SOX2 along with cell growth arrest and apoptosis in GBM cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:679-685. [PMID: 27235706 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carnosic acid (CA) is a diterpenoid found in Rosmarinus officinalis L. and Salvia officinalis L. as well as in many other Lamiaceae. This compound is reported to have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. In addition, a number of reports showed that CA has a cytotoxic activity toward several cancer cell lines. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish whether CA has any specific antiproliferative effect toward human glioblastoma (GBM) cells and to analyze the molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS We evaluated cell survival by MTT assay, apoptosis and DNA content by flow cytometry, protein expression and phosphorylation by immunoblot analyses. RESULTS Our results showed that CA inhibited cell survival on both normal astrocytes and GBM cells. In GBM cells, in particular, CA caused an early G2 block, a reduction in the percentage of cells expressing Ki67, an enhanced expression of p21(WAF) and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, we showed that CA promoted proteasomal degradation of several substrate proteins, including Cyclin B1, retinoblastoma (RB), SOX2, and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), whereas MYC levels were not modified. In addition, CA dramatically reduced the activity of CDKs. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings strongly suggest that CA promotes a profound deregulation of cell cycle control and reduces the survival of GBM cells via proteasome-mediated degradation of Cyclin B1, RB and SOX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Via de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Daga
- IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | | | - Sara Tavella
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Via de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy; IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Alessia Stefanelli
- IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Cinzia Aiello
- IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Angela Bisio
- Dip. Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Grazia Bellese
- DIMES, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Anatomia Umana, Università di Genova, Via de Toni 14, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- IRCCS AOU - San Martino - IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi, 10, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Luo G, Ye Q, Du B, Wang F, Zhang GL, Luo Y. Iridoid Glucosides and Diterpenoids from Caryopteris glutinosa. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:886-893. [PMID: 26900877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five new iridoid glucoside derivatives (1-5), three new diterpenoids (7, 12, and 15), and 11 known compounds were isolated from the aqueous EtOH extract of Caryopteris glutinosa. Cell-based estrogen biosynthesis assays indicated that caryopteriside C (3) and caryopterisoid B (12) promote the biosynthesis of estrogen E2, with EC50 values of 11.1 and 8.0 μM, respectively, in human ovarian granulosa-like KGN cells via upregulating the expression of aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Luo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ye
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowen Du
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Lin Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinggang Luo
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Bisio A, Fraternale D, Schito AM, Parricchi A, Dal Piaz F, Ricci D, Giacomini M, Ruffoni B, De Tommasi N. Establishment and analysis of in vitro biomass from Salvia corrugata Vahl. and evaluation of antimicrobial activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 122:276-285. [PMID: 26753532 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Demethylfruticuline A and fruticuline A, the most abundant compounds from the surface extract of Salvia corrugata Vahl., have shown antibacterial, antitumor and cytotoxic activities. In order to obtain these icetexane diterpenes from in vitro cultures of S. corrugata, protocols were developed for callus production, micropropagation and shoot regeneration. Analysis of the regenerated shoots showed the presence of both icetexanes, micropropagated plants contained only fruticuline A, while the callus contained trace amounts of both diterpenes. The yield of fruticuline A was higher in the methanolic extract of regenerated shoots than in those of fresh leaves and fresh shoot tips. In addition to these diterpenes, the regenerated shoot and micropropagated plant extracts afforded seven other diterpenes, one icetexane and six abietanes, identified by UV, IR, 1D- and 2D-NMR and HR-MS analysis. Five compounds (19-acetoxy-7α-hydroxyroyleanone, 7β,20-epoxy-11,12,19-trihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-triene, 7,20-dihydrofruticuline A, 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone, 7β-ethoxy-6β,20:19,20-diepoxyroyleanone) were previously undescribed. Although the crude plant surface extract did not possess any antibacterial activity, methanolic extracts of in vitro tissues and two compounds, namely 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone and 7β-ethoxy-6β,20:19,20-diepoxyroyleanone, isolated in suitable amounts, were active in varying degrees against multidrug resistant clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, displaying MIC values ranging from 32, 64 to 128μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bisio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy.
| | - Daniele Fraternale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Genova, Largo Rosanna Benzi 8, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Anita Parricchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Via Brigata Salerno 13, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Donata Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari Sezione di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Urbino "Carlo Bo", Via Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Mauro Giacomini
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Bioingegneria, Robotica e Ingegneria dei Sistemi, Sezione Politecnica, Università di Genova, Via all'Opera Pia, 13, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- Consiglio per la Ricerca e la Sperimentazione in Agricoltura - CRA-FSO Ornamental Plant Research Unit, Sanremo (IM), Italy
| | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Salerno, Italy
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Karygianni L, Al-Ahmad A, Argyropoulou A, Hellwig E, Anderson AC, Skaltsounis AL. Natural Antimicrobials and Oral Microorganisms: A Systematic Review on Herbal Interventions for the Eradication of Multispecies Oral Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2016; 6:1529. [PMID: 26834707 PMCID: PMC4712263 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis are mainly caused by microbial biofilms. Antibiotic therapy has reached its limits with regard to antimicrobial resistance, and new therapeutic measures utilizing natural phytochemicals are currently a focus of research. Hence, this systematic review provides a critical presentation of the antimicrobial effects of various medicinal herbs against in vitro, ex vivo, and in situ formed multispecies oral biofilms. Searches were performed in three English databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CAMbase) and the electronic archives of five German journals from the times of their establishment until October 10th, 2014, with the search terms “(plant extracts OR herbal extracts OR plant OR herb) AND (oral biofilm OR dental biofilm OR dental plaque OR oral disease OR dental disease).” The pooled data were assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA). Initially, 1848 articles were identified, out of which 585 full-text articles were screened, 149 articles were reevaluated for eligibility and finally, 14 articles met all inclusion criteria. The data of 14 reports disclosed enhanced antiadhesive and antibiofilm activity by the plant extracts obtained from Vitis vinifera, Pinus spp., Coffea canephora, Camellia sinensis, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Galla chinensis, Caesalpinia ferrea Martius, Psidium cattleianum, representative Brazilian plants and manuka honey. Overall, a positive correlation was revealed between herb-based therapies and elimination rates of all types of multispecies oral biofilms. In that context, integrating or even replacing conventional dental therapy protocols with herbal-inspired treatments can allow effective antimicrobial control of oral biofilms and thus, dental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamprini Karygianni
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ali Al-Ahmad
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Argyropoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Elmar Hellwig
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annette C Anderson
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexios L Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens, Greece
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation and chemistry of diterpenoids from terrestrial as opposed to marine sources and includes labdanes, clerodanes, pimaranes, abietanes, kauranes, cembranes and their cyclization products. The literature from January to December, 2015 is reviewed.
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18
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Du K, De Mieri M, Neuburger M, Zietsman PC, Marston A, van Vuuren SF, Ferreira D, Hamburger M, van der Westhuizen JH. Labdane and Clerodane Diterpenoids from Colophospermum mopane. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2494-2504. [PMID: 26444248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Five labdane (1-5), an isolabdane (6), and five clerodane diterpenoids (7-11), were isolated from seeds, husks, and leaves of Colophospermum mopane. Compounds 1-3 and 6-9 are new, and their structures were elucidated by means of physical data analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS). The absolute configurations of 1, 7, and 10 were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Cu Kα radiation. For compounds 2 and 6, the absolute configurations were established by the modified Mosher's method and corroborated by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra of their 3-p-bromobenzoate derivatives. The crude extracts and compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The leaf extract was the most active against Staphylococcus aureus (125 μg/mL). Compound 11 showed the best inhibitory activity, with minimum inhibitory values of 15.6 μg/mL against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and 31.3 μg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sandy F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand , Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi , University, Mississippi 38677-1848, United States
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