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Sun CL, Zhang HL, Zhou DB, Cheng ZJ, Xie Y, Rang ZW, Dai LJ. Based on metabolomics, the optimum wind speed process parameters of flue-cured tobacco in heat pump bulk curing barn were explored. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21558. [PMID: 38057437 PMCID: PMC10700593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the influence of wind speed on the quality of tobacco in this study, we employed a heat pump-powered intensive curing barn and a three-stage curing process. By evaluating the influence of fan parameters on the quality of tobacco leaves at different curing stages, the optimal wind speed was determined. After adopting the optimized wind speed process, the degradation of macromolecular substances was faster, the accumulation of aroma substances was delayed to 55 °C, and the accumulation was more complete. Among them, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar in flue-cured tobacco leaves were 22.25% and 29.2%, respectively, which were lower than those in the control group. The sugar was converted into more aroma substances, and the total amount of neutral aroma substances was 48.82% higher than that of the control group. The content of related aroma substances increased significantly. The content of petroleum ether extract related to aroma substances increased by 0.93% compared with the control group. The macromolecular substances were degraded more fully than the control group, such as the starch content decreased to 1.56%. The results of metabolomics showed that the contents of aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, alcohols, ketones and esters increased significantly in different degrees after this process. These results show that the optimization of wind speed parameters can significantly improve the baking quality of tobacco leaves. This study provides a reference for the optimization of the flue-cured tobacco baking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin Sun
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hui Lin Zhang
- Raw Material Procurement Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Dong Bo Zhou
- Technical Centre, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Zhi Jun Cheng
- Raw Material Procurement Center, China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410000, China
| | - You Xie
- Tongren City Company Jiangkou Branch, China Tobacco Corporation Guizhou Province Company, Tongren, 554300, China
| | - Zhong Wen Rang
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lin Jian Dai
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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2
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Zhu J, Yuan K, Xie Y, Liu H, Jin H, Sun C, Feng H, Li Q, Pan Y. Separation, identification, and structural characterization of sucrose ester isomers from tobacco. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300415. [PMID: 37802974 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose esters (SEs) are crucial tobacco smoke flavor precursors and play a significant role in tobacco's functionality. Due to their structural complexity, the separation and analysis of SEs in tobacco remain a major challenge, and massive structures of SEs have not yet been fully identified. In this study, the fractions enriched in SEs were obtained from oriental and flue-cured tobacco through a series of pretreatments, and two types of SEs (Types I and II) were distinguished by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSn ) analysis, with Type II SEs newly characterized in tobacco. Five groups of main SEs were further purified using preparative high-performance LC (HPLC) coupled to an evaporative light scattering detector, and their structures were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry techniques including 1 H, 13 C, correlation spectroscopy, heteronuclear single quantum correlation, and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation. By combining LC-MSn and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, the structures of eight SE isomers were finally proposed, of which four were newly identified. These findings further enhance the understanding of the structural diversity of SEs in tobacco, serving as a valuable reference for future research on the elucidation, synthesis, and metabolism of SEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kailong Yuan
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huabing Liu
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqing Jin
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cuirong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongru Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Teng Y, Lan P, White LV, Banwell MG. The useful biological properties of sucrose esters: Opportunities for the development of new functional foods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37068001 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2194438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Sucrose esters have been deployed as surfactants in many food products since the 1950s. In addition to their useful physical characteristics, sucrose esters also have interesting biological properties that enhance their utility. This review critically examines the broad suite of biological activities that has been attributed to both synthetically-derived and naturally-occurring sucrose esters. These include insecticidal, molluscicidal, plant growth-regulating, anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-depressive, neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory and anti-plasmodial effects. In addition to providing a summary of the structure-activity profiles of sucrose esters, the various known mechanisms-of action of these compounds are also discussed. Furthermore, since sucrose esters are well-known surfactants, the potential to advantageously apply their industrially desirable physical characteristics in combination with their biological properties is considered. Recent advances in synthetic chemistry that have facilitated the deployment of biologically active sucrose esters as food additives are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglai Teng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and the Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lan
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lorenzo V White
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and the Development of Natural Drugs, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Zhang YF, Chen ST, Gao Y, Yang L, Yu H. Prediction of global potential suitable habitats of Nicotiana alata Link et Otto based on MaxEnt model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4851. [PMID: 36964182 PMCID: PMC10038996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29678-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotiana alata Link et Otto, widely used in landscaping, is not only of great ornamental value but also of high commercial and medical value. The global potential habitat of N. alata and the environmental factors affecting its distribution are not that clear at present. To provide a reference for the reasonable and extensive planting of N. alata now and in the future, the MaxEnt model was used to predict its global suitable habitats under current and future climate conditions, respectively, based on global geographic distribution data of N. alata and the current and future world bioclimatic variables. The results showed that mean temperature of the driest quarter (bio9), precipitation of driest month (bio14), precipitation seasonality (bio15) and max temperature of warmest month (bio5), were the key bioclimatic variables governing the distribution of N. alata. The global suitable habitats of N. alata were mainly distributed in Europe, the United States, southeastern South America, and China under current climate conditions. Compared with current climate conditions, the future climate decreased suitable habitats of N. alata under SSP1-2.6, and SSP2-4.5 scenario and increased suitable habitats of N. alata under SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 climatic scenarios. The results provided valuable information and theoretical reference for the reasonable planting of N. alata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shu-Tong Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Long Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Hua Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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5
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D’Esposito D, Guadagno A, Amoroso CG, Cascone P, Cencetti G, Michelozzi M, Guerrieri E, Ercolano MR. Genomic and metabolic profiling of two tomato contrasting cultivars for tolerance to Tuta absoluta. PLANTA 2023; 257:47. [PMID: 36708391 PMCID: PMC9884263 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilar patterns of variants affecting genes involved in response to herbivory, including those leading to difference in VOC production, were identified in tomato lines with contrasting response to Tuta absoluta. Tuta absoluta is one of the most destructive insect pest affecting tomato production, causing important yield losses both in open field and greenhouse. The selection of tolerant varieties to T. absoluta is one of the sustainable approaches to control this invasive leafminer. In this study, the genomic diversity of two tomato varieties, one tolerant and the other susceptible to T. absoluta infestation was explored, allowing us to identify chromosome regions with highly dissimilar pattern. Genes affected by potential functional variants were involved in several processes, including response to herbivory and secondary metabolism. A metabolic analysis for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was also performed, highlighting a difference in several classes of chemicals in the two genotypes. Taken together, these findings can aid tomato breeding programs aiming to develop tolerant plants to T. absoluta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Anna Guadagno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Ciro Gianmaria Amoroso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Gabriele Cencetti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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6
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Schenck CA, Anthony TM, Jacobs M, Jones AD, Last RL. Natural variation meets synthetic biology: Promiscuous trichome-expressed acyltransferases from Nicotiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:146-164. [PMID: 35477794 PMCID: PMC9434288 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acylsugars are defensive, trichome-synthesized sugar esters produced in plants across the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. Although assembled from simple metabolites and synthesized by a relatively short core biosynthetic pathway, tremendous within- and across-species acylsugar structural variation is documented across the family. To advance our understanding of the diversity and the synthesis of acylsugars within the Nicotiana genus, trichome extracts were profiled across the genus coupled with transcriptomics-guided enzyme discovery and in vivo and in vitro analysis. Differences in the types of sugar cores, numbers of acylations, and acyl chain structures contributed to over 300 unique annotated acylsugars throughout Nicotiana. Placement of acyl chain length into a phylogenetic context revealed that an unsaturated acyl chain type was detected in a few closely related species. A comparative transcriptomics approach identified trichome-enriched Nicotiana acuminata acylsugar biosynthetic candidate enzymes. More than 25 acylsugar variants could be produced in a single enzyme assay with four N. acuminata acylsugar acyltransferases (NacASAT1-4) together with structurally diverse acyl-CoAs and sucrose. Liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry screening of in vitro products revealed the ability of these enzymes to make acylsugars not present in Nicotiana plant extracts. In vitro acylsugar production also provided insights into acyltransferase acyl donor promiscuity and acyl acceptor specificity as well as regiospecificity of some ASATs. This study suggests that promiscuous Nicotiana acyltransferases can be used as synthetic biology tools to produce novel and potentially useful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Thilani M Anthony
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - MacKenzie Jacobs
- Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, West Liberty University, West Liberty, West Virginia 26074, USA
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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7
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Schenck CA, Busta L. Using interdisciplinary, phylogeny-guided approaches to understand the evolution of plant metabolism. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:355-367. [PMID: 34816350 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To cope with relentless environmental pressures, plants produce an arsenal of structurally diverse chemicals, often called specialized metabolites. These lineage-specific compounds are derived from the simple building blocks made by ubiquitous core metabolic pathways. Although the structures of many specialized metabolites are known, the underlying metabolic pathways and the evolutionary events that have shaped the plant chemical diversity landscape are only beginning to be understood. However, with the advent of multi-omics data sets and the relative ease of studying pathways in previously intractable non-model species, plant specialized metabolic pathways are now being systematically identified. These large datasets also provide a foundation for comparative, phylogeny-guided studies of plant metabolism. Comparisons of metabolic traits and features like chemical abundances, enzyme activities, or gene sequences from phylogenetically diverse plants provide insights into how metabolic pathways evolved. This review highlights the power of studying evolution through the lens of comparative biochemistry, particularly how placing metabolism into a phylogenetic context can help a researcher identify the metabolic innovations enabling the evolution of structurally diverse plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
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8
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Feng H, Acosta-Gamboa L, Kruse LH, Tracy JD, Chung SH, Nava Fereira AR, Shakir S, Xu H, Sunter G, Gore MA, Casteel CL, Moghe GD, Jander G. Acylsugars protect Nicotiana benthamiana against insect herbivory and desiccation. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:505-522. [PMID: 34586580 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Nicotiana benthamiana acylsugar acyltransferase (ASAT) is required for protection against desiccation and insect herbivory. Knockout mutations provide a new resource for investigation of plant-aphid and plant-whitefly interactions. Nicotiana benthamiana is used extensively as a transient expression platform for functional analysis of genes from other species. Acylsugars, which are produced in the trichomes, are a hypothesized cause of the relatively high insect resistance that is observed in N. benthamiana. We characterized the N. benthamiana acylsugar profile, bioinformatically identified two acylsugar acyltransferase genes, ASAT1 and ASAT2, and used CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis to produce acylsugar-deficient plants for investigation of insect resistance and foliar water loss. Whereas asat1 mutations reduced accumulation, asat2 mutations caused almost complete depletion of foliar acylsucroses. Three hemipteran and three lepidopteran herbivores survived, gained weight, and/or reproduced significantly better on asat2 mutants than on wildtype N. benthamiana. Both asat1 and asat2 mutations reduced the water content and increased leaf temperature. Our results demonstrate the specific function of two ASAT proteins in N. benthamiana acylsugar biosynthesis, insect resistance, and desiccation tolerance. The improved growth of aphids and whiteflies on asat2 mutants will facilitate the use of N. benthamiana as a transient expression platform for the functional analysis of insect effectors and resistance genes from other plant species. Similarly, the absence of acylsugars in asat2 mutants will enable analysis of acylsugar biosynthesis genes from other Solanaceae by transient expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Feng
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lucia Acosta-Gamboa
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lars H Kruse
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jake D Tracy
- Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | | | - Alba Ruth Nava Fereira
- Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Sara Shakir
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech Institute, The University of Liege, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- College of Life Science, The Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Garry Sunter
- Department of Biology, University of Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Clare L Casteel
- Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gaurav D Moghe
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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9
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Chang A, Hu Z, Chen B, Vanderschuren H, Chen M, Qu Y, Yu W, Li Y, Sun H, Cao J, Vasudevan K, Li C, Cao Y, Zhang J, Shen Y, Yang A, Wang Y. Characterization of trichome-specific BAHD acyltransferases involved in acylsugar biosynthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3913-3928. [PMID: 35262703 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) produce blends of acylsucroses that contribute to defence against pathogens and herbivorous insects, but the mechanism of assembly of these acylsugars has not yet been determined. In this study, we isolated and characterized two trichome-specific acylsugar acyltransferases that are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, NtASAT1 and NtASAT2. They sequentially catalyse two additive steps of acyl donors to sucrose to produce di-acylsucrose. Knocking out of NtASAT1 or NtASAT2 resulted in deficiency of acylsucrose; however, there was no effect on acylsugar accumulation in plants overexpressing NtASAT1 or NtASAT2. Genomic analysis and profiling revealed that NtASATs originated from the T subgenome, which is derived from the acylsugar-producing diploid ancestor N. tomentosiformis. Our identification of NtASAT1 and NtASAT2 as enzymes involved in acylsugar assembly in tobacco potentially provides a new approach and target genes for improving crop resistance against pathogens and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Chang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Zhongyi Hu
- Jiangxi Food Inspection and Testing Research Institute, Nanchang, 330001, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Herve Vanderschuren
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
- Tropical Crop Improvement Lab, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Ming Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yafang Qu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Weisong Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jianmin Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kumar Vasudevan
- Plant Genetics Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Chenying Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yeming Shen
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yuanying Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
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10
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Pennelliiside D, a New Acyl Glucose from Solanum pennellii and Chemical Synthesis of Pennelliisides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123728. [PMID: 35744854 PMCID: PMC9231340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acyl glucoses are a group of specialized metabolites produced by Solanaceae. Solanum pennellii, a wild-type tomato plant, produces acyl glucoses in its hair-like epidermal structures known as trichomes. These compounds have been found to be herbicides, microbial growth inhibitors, or allelopathic compounds. However, there are a few reports regarding isolation and investigation of biological activities of acyl glucoses in its pure form due to the difficulty of isolation. Here, we report a new acyl glucose, pennelliiside D, isolated and identified from S. pennellii. Its structure was determined by 1D NMR and 2D NMR, together with FD-MS analysis. To clarify the absolute configuration of the acyl moiety of 2-methylbutyryl in the natural compound, two possible isomers were synthesized starting from β-D-glucose pentaacetate. By comparing the spectroscopic data of natural and synthesized compounds of isomers, the structure of pennelliiside D was confirmed to be 3,4-O-diisobutyryl-2-O-((S)-2-methylbutyryl)-D-glucose. Pennelliiside D and its constituent fatty acid moiety, (S)-2-methylbutanoic acid, did not show root growth-inhibitory activity. Additionally, in this study, chemical synthesis pathways toward pennelliisides A and B were adapted to give 1,6-O-dibenzylpennelliisides A and B.
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11
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Sucrose esters from the calyxes of Physalis chenopodifolia. Carbohydr Res 2022; 512:108518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Chang AX, Chen B, Yang AG, Hu RS, Feng QF, Chen M, Yang XN, Luo CG, Li YY, Wang YY. The trichome-specific acetolactate synthase NtALS1 gene, is involved in acylsugar biosynthesis in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). PLANTA 2020; 252:13. [PMID: 32621079 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03418-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION NtALS1 is specifically expressed in glandular trichomes, and can improve the content of acylsugars in tobacco. ABTRACT The glandular trichomes of many species in the Solanaceae family play an important role in plant defense. These epidermal outgrowths exhibit specialized secondary metabolism, including the production of structurally diverse acylsugars that function in defense against insects and have substantial developmental potential for commercial uses. However, our current understanding of genes involved in acyl chain biosynthesis of acylsugars remains poor in tobacco. In this study, we identified three acetolactate synthase (ALS) genes in tobacco through homology-based gene prediction using Arabidopsis ALS. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and tissue distribution analyses suggested that NtALS1 was highly expressed in the tips of glandular trichomes. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the NtALS1 localized to the chloroplast. Moreover, in the wild-type K326 variety background, we generated two ntals1 loss-of-function mutants using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. Acylsugars contents in the two ntals1 mutants were significantly lower than those in the wild type. Through phylogenetic tree analysis, we also identified NtALS1 orthologs that may be involved in acylsugar biosynthesis in other Solanaceae species. Taken together, these findings indicate a functional role for NtALS1 in acylsugar biosynthesis in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Xia Chang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Biao Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ai-Guo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ri-Sheng Hu
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, China
| | - Quan-Fu Feng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Luo
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang-Yang Li
- Hunan Tobacco Research Institute, Changsha, China.
| | - Yuan-Ying Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Mihaylova-Kroumova AB, Artiouchine I, Korenkov VD, Wagner GJ. Patterns of inheritance of acylsugar acyl groups in selected interspecific hybrids of genus Nicotiana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:509-523. [PMID: 32277383 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes on the surface of Solanaceae species produce acyl sugars that are species-, and cultivar-specific. Acyl sugars are known to possess insecticidal, antibiotic, and hormone-like properties, and as such have great potential as a class of naturally occurring pesticides and antibiotics. The objective of this work was to analyze the acyl composition of acyl sugars in the leaf trichome exudate from selected Nicotiana species and to follow the inheritance of acyl content in their hybrids. Trichome exudates were collected, and the acyl profiles of acyl sugars were identified via GC-MS. The variations in acyl group inheritance in the hybrids (a single parent resemblance, missing, complementary, and novel groups) matched the patterns described in the literature for a variety of secondary metabolites. However, we did not find a complementation of major parental acyl groups. Instead, in some hybrids we observed a dynamic change in the proportions of acyl groups, distinguishing the acyl group profiles as novel. We observed paternal (i.e. N. tabacum cv. Turkish Samsun × N. benthamiana hybrids) and maternal (i.e. N. tabacum cv. Samsun-nn × N. otophora) inheritance patterns, novel acyl profiles (N. excelsior hybrids), and missing acyl groups (N. excelsiana). Selective inheritance of some acyl groups in the hybrids of N. benthamiana (4- and 5-methylheptanoic isomers) or N. alata (octanoate) was found. Suggestions are given to explain certain patterns of inheritance. The data presented here contribute to the body of knowledge about the effect of interspecific hybridization on the secondary metabolites by including acylsugar acyl groups that have not been studied previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta B Mihaylova-Kroumova
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Dr., Lexington, KY, 40546-0236, USA.
| | - Ivan Artiouchine
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Dr., Lexington, KY, 40546-0236, USA
| | - Victor D Korenkov
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Dr., Lexington, KY, 40546-0236, USA
| | - George J Wagner
- Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, 1401 University Dr., Lexington, KY, 40546-0236, USA
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14
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Banožić M, Jokić S, Ačkar Đ, Blažić M, Šubarić D. Carbohydrates-Key Players in Tobacco Aroma Formation and Quality Determination. Molecules 2020; 25:E1734. [PMID: 32283792 PMCID: PMC7181196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are important compounds in natural products where they primarily serve as a source of energy, but they have important secondary roles as precursors of aroma or bioactive compounds. They are present in fresh and dried (cured) tobacco leaves as well. The sugar content of tobacco depends on the tobacco variety, harvesting, and primarily on the curing conditions (temperature, time and moisture). If the process of curing employs high temperatures (flue-curing and sun-curing), final sugar content is high. In contrast, when air curing has a lower temperature, at the end of the process, sugar level is low. Beside simple sugars, other carbohydrates reported in tobacco are oligosaccharides, cellulose, starch, and pectin. Degradation of polysaccharides results in a higher yield of simple sugars, but at the same time reduces sugars oxidization and transfer into carbon dioxide and water. Loss of sugar producers will compensate with added sugars, to cover undesirable aroma properties and achieve a better, pleasant taste during smoking. However, tobacco carbohydrates can be precursors for many harmful compounds, including formaldehyde and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Keeping in mind that added sugars in tobacco production are unavoidable, it is important to understand all changes in carbohydrates from harvesting to consuming in order to achieve better product properties and avoid the formation of harmful compounds. This review summarizes current knowledge about tobacco carbohydrates, including changes during processing with special focus on carbohydrates as precursors of harmful compounds during smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Banožić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (Đ.A.); (D.Š.)
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (Đ.A.); (D.Š.)
| | - Đurđica Ačkar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (Đ.A.); (D.Š.)
| | - Marijana Blažić
- Karlovac University of Applied Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer Square 9, 47000 Karlovac, Croatia;
| | - Drago Šubarić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia; (M.B.); (Đ.A.); (D.Š.)
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15
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Nautiyal AK, Gani U, Sharma P, Kundan M, Fayaz M, Lattoo SK, Misra P. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides insights into metabolic and gene regulatory networks in trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:625-644. [PMID: 31965448 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Comprehensive transcriptome analysis suggested that the primary metabolism is modulated to augment the supply of substrates towards secondary metabolism operating in the glandular trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum. The comparative gene expression and co-expression network analysis revealed that certain members of transcription factor genes belonging to the MYB, HD-ZIP, ERF, TCP, SRS, WRKY and DOF families may be involved in the regulation of metabolism and/other aspects in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum The glandular trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum are highly productive in terms of secondary metabolites and therefore have been projected to be used as a prognostic platform for metabolic engineering of valuable natural products. For obvious reasons, detailed studies pertaining to the metabolic and gene regulatory networks operating in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum are of pivotal significance to be undertaken. We have carried out next-generation sequencing of glandular trichomes of N. tabcaum and investigated differential gene expression among different tissues, including trichome-free leaves. We identified a total of 37,269 and 37,371 genes, expressing in trichome free leaf and glandular trichomes, respectively, at a cutoff of FPKM ≥ 1. The analysis revealed that different pathways involved with the primary metabolism are modulated in glandular trichomes of N. tabacum, providing a plausible explanation for the enhanced biosynthesis of secondary metabolism in the glandular trichomes. Further, comparative gene expression analysis revealed several genes, which display preferential expression in the glandular trichomes and thereby seem to be potential candidate genes for future studies in connection to the discovery of novel trichome specific promoters. The present study also led to the comprehensive identification of 1750 transcription factor genes expressing at a cutoff of FPKM ≥ 1 in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum. The clustering and co-expression analysis suggested that transcription factor genes belonging to HD-ZIP, ERF, WRKY, MYB, TCP, SRS and DOF families may be the major players in the regulation of gene expression in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first effort towards detailed identification of genes, especially regulatory genes expressing in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum. The data resource and the empirical findings from present work in all probability must, therefore, provide a reference and background context for future work aiming at deciphering molecular mechanism of regulation of secondary metabolism and gene expression in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Nautiyal
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Umar Gani
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Maridul Kundan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Fayaz
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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16
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Creydt M, Hudzik D, Rurik M, Kohlbacher O, Fischer M. Food Authentication: Small-Molecule Profiling as a Tool for the Geographic Discrimination of German White Asparagus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:13328-13339. [PMID: 30472843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a non-targeted metabolomics approach by means of ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry was chosen for the discrimination of geographical origins of white asparagus samples ( Asparagus officinalis). Over a period of four harvesting periods (4 years), approximately 400 asparagus samples were measured. Initially, four different liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used to detect as many metabolites as possible and to assess which method is most suitable. The most relevant marker compounds were linked to the influence of different plant stress parameters and climate effects. Some of the samples were also analyzed by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), which is the current gold standard for the discrimination of the geographical origin of asparagus. In summary, the analysis of the metabolome was proven to be quite suitable to determine the geographical origin of asparagus and seems to provide better interpretable results than IRMS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Daria Hudzik
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
| | - Marc Rurik
- Applied Bioinformatics , Center for Bioinformatics , Sand 14 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- Applied Bioinformatics , Center for Bioinformatics , Sand 14 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- Quantitative Biology Center and Department of Computer Science , University of Tübingen , Sand 14 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- Biomolecular Interactions , Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology , Max-Planck-Ring 5 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
- Translational Bioinformatics , University Medical Center Tübingen , Sand 14 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry , University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117 , 20146 Hamburg , Germany
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17
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Jassbi AR, Zare S, Asadollahi M, Schuman MC. Ecological Roles and Biological Activities of Specialized Metabolites from the Genus Nicotiana. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12227-12280. [PMID: 28960061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Species of Nicotiana grow naturally in different parts of the world and have long been used both medicinally and recreationally by human societies. More recently in our history, Nicotiana tabacum has attracted interest as one of the most economically important industrial crops. Nicotiana species are frequently investigated for their bioactive natural products, and the ecological role of their specialized metabolites in responses to abiotic stress or biotic stress factors like pathogens and herbivores. The interest of tobacco companies in genetic information as well as the success of a few wild tobacco species as experimental model organisms have resulted in growing knowledge about the molecular biology and ecology of these plants and functional studies of the plant's natural products. Although a large number of reviews and books on biologically active natural products already exists, mostly from N. tabacum, we focus our attention on the ecological roles and biological activity of natural products, versus products from cured and processed material, in this Review. The studied compounds include alkaloids, aromatic compounds, flavonoids, volatiles, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenes alcohols, and sugar esters from trichomes of the plants, and recently characterized acyclic hydroxygeranyllinalool diterpene glycosides (HGL-DTGs). In this Review (1800s-2017), we describe the above-mentioned classes of natural products, emphasizing their biological activities and functions as they have been determined either in bioassay-guided purification approaches or in bioassays with plants in which the expression of specific biosynthetic genes has been genetically manipulated. Additionally, a review on the history, taxonomy, ecology, and medicinal application of different Nicotiana species growing around the globe presented in this Review may be of interest for pharmacognosists, natural products, and ecological chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Meredith C Schuman
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology , Jena 07745, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) , Deutscher Platz 5e, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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18
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Moghe GD, Leong BJ, Hurney SM, Daniel Jones A, Last RL. Evolutionary routes to biochemical innovation revealed by integrative analysis of a plant-defense related specialized metabolic pathway. eLife 2017; 6:28468. [PMID: 28853706 PMCID: PMC5595436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of life on Earth is a result of continual innovations in molecular networks influencing morphology and physiology. Plant specialized metabolism produces hundreds of thousands of compounds, offering striking examples of these innovations. To understand how this novelty is generated, we investigated the evolution of the Solanaceae family-specific, trichome-localized acylsugar biosynthetic pathway using a combination of mass spectrometry, RNA-seq, enzyme assays, RNAi and phylogenomics in different non-model species. Our results reveal hundreds of acylsugars produced across the Solanaceae family and even within a single plant, built on simple sugar cores. The relatively short biosynthetic pathway experienced repeated cycles of innovation over the last 100 million years that include gene duplication and divergence, gene loss, evolution of substrate preference and promiscuity. This study provides mechanistic insights into the emergence of plant chemical novelty, and offers a template for investigating the ~300,000 non-model plant species that remain underexplored. There are about 300,000 species of plant on Earth, which together produce over a million different small molecules called metabolites. Plants use many of these molecules to grow, to communicate with each other or to defend themselves against pests and disease. Humans have co-opted many of the same molecules as well; for example, some are important nutrients while others are active ingredients in medicines. Many plant metabolites are found in almost all plants, but hundreds of thousands of them are more specialized and only found in small groups of related plant species. These specialized metabolites have a wide variety of structures, and are made by different enzymes working together to carry out a series of biochemical reactions. Acylsugars are an example of a group of specialized metabolites with particularly diverse structures. These small molecules are restricted to plants in the Solanaceae family, which includes tomato and tobacco plants. Moghe et al. have now focused on acylsugars to better understand how plants produce the large diversity of chemical structures found in specialized metabolites, and how these processes have evolved over time. An analysis of over 35 plant species from across the Solanaceae family revealed hundreds of acylsugars, with some plants accumulating 300 or more different types of these specialized metabolites. Moghe et al. then looked at the enzymes that make acylsugars from a poorly studied flowering plant called Salpiglossis sinuata, partly because it produces a large diversity of these small molecules and partly because it sits in a unique position in the Solanaceae family tree. The activities of the enzymes were confirmed both in test tubes and in plants. This suggested that many of the enzymes were “promiscuous”, meaning that they could likely use a variety of molecules as starting points for their chemical reactions. This finding could help to explain how this plant species can make such a wide variety of acylsugars. Moghe et al. also discovered that many of the enzymes that make acylsugars are encoded by genes that were originally copies of other genes and that have subsequently evolved new activities. Plant scientists and plant breeders value tomato plants that produce acylsugars because these natural chemicals protect against pests like whiteflies and spider mites. A clearer understanding of the diversity of acylsugars in the Solanaceae family, as well as the enzymes that make these specialized metabolites, could help efforts to breed crops that are more resistant to pests. Some of the enzymes related to those involved in acylsugar production could also help to make chemicals with pharmaceutical value. These new findings might also eventually lead to innovative ways to produce these chemicals on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav D Moghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Bryan J Leong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Steven M Hurney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Robert L Last
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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19
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Ocampo YC, Caro DC, Rivera DE, Franco LA. Safety of sucrose esters from Physalis peruviana L. in a 28-day repeated-dose study in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:850-862. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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