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Zhao X, Niu R, Fan S, Jing X, Gao R, Yang H, Wang H, Wang D, Yang Z, Xie Y, She J, Chen P, Meng L. A Dual-Mode NADH Biosensor Based on Gold Nanostars Decorated CoFe 2 Metal-Organic Frameworks to Reveal Dynamics of Cell Metabolism. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2671-2679. [PMID: 36001454 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is central to metabolism and implicated in various diseases. Herein, nanohybrids of gold nanostars and metal-organic frameworks are devised and demonstrated as a dual-mode NADH sensor, for which colorimetric detection is enabled by its peroxidase-like nanozyme property and Raman detection is realized by its surface-enhanced Raman scattering property with the detection limit as low as 28 pM. More importantly, this probe enables real-time SERS monitoring in living cells, providing a unique tool to investigate dynamic cellular processes involving NADH. Our experiments reveal that metabolism dynamics is accelerated by glucose and is much higher in cancerous cells. The SERS results can also be verified by the colorimetric detection. This sensor provides a new potential to detect biomarkers and their dynamics in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruoxin Niu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shu Fan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xunan Jing
- Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Rui Gao
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Daquan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhiwei Yang
- School of Physics, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunchuan Xie
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junjun She
- Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Peng Chen
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, 637457, Singapore
| | - Lingjie Meng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.,Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.,Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Dong Z, Tang SS, Ma XL, Li CH, Tang ZS, Yang ZH, Zeng JG. Preclinical safety evaluation of Macleaya Cordata extract: A re-assessment of general toxicity and genotoxicity properties in rodents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980918. [PMID: 36034805 PMCID: PMC9412730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) is widely used for its diverse pharmacological actions and beneficial effects on farm animals. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that it has anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-bacterial activities, and is gradually becoming a long-term additive veterinary drug used to improve animal intestinal health and growth performance. Although some evidence points to the DNA mutagenic potential of sanguinarine (SAN), a major component of MCE, there is a lack of sufficient basic toxicological information on the oral route, posing a potential safety risk for human consumption of food of animal origin. In this study, we assessed the acute oral toxicity, repeated 90-day oral toxicity and 180-day chronic toxicity of MCE in rats and mice and re-evaluated the genotoxicity of MCE using a standard combined in vivo and ex vivo assay. In the oral acute toxicity test, the LD50 for MCE in rats and mice was 1,564.55 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 1,386.97–1,764.95 mg/kg) and 1,024.33 mg/kg (95% confidence interval 964.27–1,087.30 mg/kg), respectively. The dose range tested had no significant effect on hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathological findings in rodents in the long-term toxicity assessment. The results of the bacterial reverse mutation, sperm abnormality and micronucleus test showed negative results and lack of mutagenicity and teratogenicity; the results of the rat teratogenicity test showed no significant reproductive or embryotoxicity. The results indicate that MCE was safe in the dose range tested in this preclinical safety assessment. This study provides data to support the further development of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for MCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Sheng Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zhao-Shan Tang
- Hunan MICOLTA Biological Resources Co., Ltd., Changsha, China
| | - Zi-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Hui Yang, ; Jian-Guo Zeng,
| | - Jian-Guo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Veterinary Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zi-Hui Yang, ; Jian-Guo Zeng,
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Jarošová P, Hannig P, Kolková K, Mazzini S, Táborská E, Gargallo R, Borgonovo G, Artali R, Táborský P. Alkaloid Escholidine and Its Interaction with DNA Structures. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:1225. [PMID: 34943140 PMCID: PMC8698932 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Berberine, the most known quaternary protoberberine alkaloid (QPA), has been reported to inhibit the SIK3 protein connected with breast cancer. Berberine also appears to reduce the bcl-2 and XIAP expression-proteins responsible for the inhibition of apoptosis. As some problems in the therapy with berberine arose, we studied the DNA binding properties of escholidine, another QPA alkaloid. CD, fluorescence, and NMR examined models of i-motif and G-quadruplex sequences present in the n-myc gene and the c-kit gene. We provide evidence that escholidine does not induce stabilization of the i-motif sequences, while the interaction with G-quadruplex structures appears to be more significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Jarošová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Pavel Hannig
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Kateřina Kolková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
| | - Stefania Mazzini
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), Section of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Eva Táborská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Raimundo Gargallo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Marti i Franquès 1, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), Section of Chemical and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.M.); (G.B.)
| | | | - Petr Táborský
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.J.); (P.H.); (K.K.)
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Gao H, Peng S, Yan C, Zhang Q, Zheng X, Yang T, Wang D, Zhou X, Shao Y. Stimuli-Responsive and Reversible Nanoassemblies of G-Triplexes. Chembiochem 2021; 23:e202100587. [PMID: 34796597 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
G-triplex (G3) structures formed with three consecutive G-tracts have recently been identified as a new emerging guanine-rich DNA fold. There could likely be a wide range of biological functions for G3s as occurring for G-quadruplex (G4) structures formed with four consecutive G-tracts. However, in comparison to the many reports on G4 nanoassemblies that organize monomers together in a controllable manner, G3-favored nanoassemblies have yet to be explored. In this work, we found that a natural alkaloid of sanguinarine can serve as a dynamic ligand glue to reversibly switch the dimeric nanoassemblies of the thrombin binding aptamer G3 (TBA-G3). The glue planarity was considered to be a crucial factor for realizing this switching. More importantly, external stimuli including pH, sulfite, O2 and H2 O2 can be employed as common regulators to easily modulate the glue's adhesivity for constructing and destructing the G3 nanoassemblies as a result of the ligand converting between isoforms. However, this assembly behavior does not occur with the counterpart TBA-G4. Our work demonstrates that higher-order G3 nanoassemblies can be reversibly operated by manipulating ligand adhesivity. This provides an alternative understanding of the unique behavior of guanine-rich sequences and focuses attention on the G3 fold since the nanoassembly event investigated herein might occur in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Shuzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoshun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
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Wang L, Wang X, Wang W, Liu W, Liu Y, Xie H, Reiser O, Zeng J, Cheng P. Visible-Light-Promoted Biomimetic Reductive Functionalization of Quaternary Benzophenanthridine Alkaloids. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2390-2397. [PMID: 34325506 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reduction of an iminium C═N double bond is the most important phase I metabolism process associated with the cytotoxic property of quaternary benzophenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs). Inspired by the light-mediated reduction of QBAs with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a visible-light-promoted reductive functionalization reaction of QBAs is reported in this study. C4-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs) enable the direct reductive alkylation of QBA independently, serving as both single-electron-transfer reductant reagents under irradiation with 455 nm blue light in the absence of photocatalysts and additional additives. Our protocol can be further applied to the semisynthesis of natural 6-substituted dihydrobenzophenanthridine derivatives such as O-acetyl maclekarpine E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xinhao Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Hongqi Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Oliver Reiser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Pi Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Ali I, Li J, Cui L, Zhao H, He Q, Wang D. Efficient extraction and purification of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. by combination of ultrahigh pressure extraction and pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography with anti-breast cancer activity in vitro. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:423-432. [PMID: 32898923 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br. (Papaveraceae family) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat muscle pain, inflamed wounds, and bee bites. Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids are the main active ingredients in M. cordata. In this work, sanguinarine and chelerythrine were efficiently extracted and purified by ultrahigh-pressure extraction (UHPE) technique and pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (PZRCCC) from M. cordata. OBJECTIVE To develop an efficient UHPE method followed by an efficient separation technique using PZRCCC for benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from the study plant species, and to evaluate the study samples for anti-breast cancer activity. METHODOLOGY The optimal extraction conditions were optimised as extraction pressure 200 MPa, extraction solvent 95% ethanol, solid-liquid ratio 1:30 (g/mL) and extraction time 2 min. A two-phase n-hexane/ethyl acetate/i-propanol/water (1:3:1.5:4.5, v/v) solvent system was optimised with 10 mmol triethylamine in the upper phase and 10 mmol trifluoroacetic acid in lower phase in PZRCCC. The sample loading was optimised as 2.50 g. Moreover, the samples were evaluated for anti-breast cancer activity later on. RESULTS The 2.50 g sample loading yielded 0.45 g of sanguinarine and 0.59 g chelerythrine in one-step separation using PZRCCC. The anti-breast cancer activities of sanguinarine and chelerythrine were found stronger than positive control (vincristine 5.04 μg/mL) with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.96 and 3.00 μg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION This study showed that the established methods were efficient in extraction (UHPE) and separation (PZRCCC) of the sanguinarine and chelerythrine from M. cordata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Ali
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
- Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Jingchao Li
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Li Cui
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Qiuxia He
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Daijie Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Centre, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Lin Q, Ma C, Guan H, Chen L, Xie Q, Cheng X, Wang C. Metabolites identification and reversible interconversion of chelerythrine and dihydrochelerythrine in vitro/in vivo in rats using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jensen AW, Mohanty DK, Dilling WL. The growing relevance of biological ene reactions. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:686-691. [PMID: 30709643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ene reaction involves the addition of an 'ene' to an 'enophile.' The retro-ene reaction is the reverse of the ene reaction. In recent years various biological molecules have been found to form covalent intermediates (ene-adducts) that might be the result of an ene reactions. Such adducts have been characterized or implicated for dihydropyridines and pyridininum cofactors derived from vitamin B3, such as the reduced and oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH/NAD); flavin cofactors derived from vitamin B2, such as flavin adenine dinucleotide, FAD, and flavin mononucleotide, FMN; vitamin C; the oxime intermediate of nitric oxide synthase; tyrosine; and other biomolecules. Given the ubiquitous nature of these cofactors, it might be speculated that the formation of ene-adducts is a more common principle in biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton W Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
| | - Dillip K Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
| | - Wendell L Dilling
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48858, USA.
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Vögeli B, Rosenthal RG, Stoffel GMM, Wagner T, Kiefer P, Cortina NS, Shima S, Erb TJ. InhA, the enoyl-thioester reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis forms a covalent adduct during catalysis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17200-17207. [PMID: 30217823 PMCID: PMC6222099 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The enoyl-thioester reductase InhA catalyzes an essential step in fatty acid biosynthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a key target of antituberculosis drugs to combat multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains. This has prompted intense interest in the mechanism and intermediates of the InhA reaction. Here, using enzyme mutagenesis, NMR, stopped-flow spectroscopy, and LC-MS, we found that the NADH cofactor and the CoA thioester substrate form a covalent adduct during the InhA catalytic cycle. We used the isolated adduct as a molecular probe to directly access the second half-reaction of the catalytic cycle of InhA (i.e. the proton transfer), independently of the first half-reaction (i.e. the initial hydride transfer) and to assign functions to two conserved active-site residues, Tyr-158 and Thr-196. We found that Tyr-158 is required for the stereospecificity of protonation and that Thr-196 is partially involved in hydride transfer and protonation. The natural tendency of InhA to form a covalent C2-ene adduct calls for a careful reconsideration of the enzyme's reaction mechanism. It also provides the basis for the development of effective tools to study, manipulate, and inhibit the catalytic cycle of InhA and related enzymes of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. In summary, our work has uncovered the formation of a covalent adduct during the InhA catalytic cycle and identified critical residues required for catalysis, providing further insights into the InhA reaction mechanism important for the development of antituberculosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Vögeli
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism and
| | | | | | - Tristan Wagner
- Microbial Protein Structure, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany and
| | - Patrick Kiefer
- the Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Seigo Shima
- Microbial Protein Structure, Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany and
| | - Tobias J Erb
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Synthetic Metabolism and
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Ogawara H. Comparison of Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance: Learning from Various Kingdoms. Molecules 2018; 23:E1476. [PMID: 29912169 PMCID: PMC6100412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance, especially antibiotic resistance, is a growing threat to human health. To overcome this problem, it is significant to know precisely the mechanisms of drug resistance and/or self-resistance in various kingdoms, from bacteria through plants to animals, once more. This review compares the molecular mechanisms of the resistance against phycotoxins, toxins from marine and terrestrial animals, plants and fungi, and antibiotics. The results reveal that each kingdom possesses the characteristic features. The main mechanisms in each kingdom are transporters/efflux pumps in phycotoxins, mutation and modification of targets and sequestration in marine and terrestrial animal toxins, ABC transporters and sequestration in plant toxins, transporters in fungal toxins, and various or mixed mechanisms in antibiotics. Antibiotic producers in particular make tremendous efforts for avoiding suicide, and are more flexible and adaptable to the changes of environments. With these features in mind, potential alternative strategies to overcome these resistance problems are discussed. This paper will provide clues for solving the issues of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ogawara
- HO Bio Institute, Yushima-2, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0034, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Noshio-2, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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Ogata K, Yajima Y, Nakamura S, Kaneko R, Goto M, Ohshima T, Yoshimune K. Inhibition of homoserine dehydrogenase by formation of a cysteine-NAD covalent complex. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5749. [PMID: 29636528 PMCID: PMC5893615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3, HSD) is an important regulatory enzyme in the aspartate pathway, which mediates synthesis of methionine, threonine and isoleucine from aspartate. Here, HSD from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii (StHSD) was found to be inhibited by cysteine, which acted as a competitive inhibitor of homoserine with a Ki of 11 μM and uncompetitive an inhibitor of NAD and NADP with Ki's of 0.55 and 1.2 mM, respectively. Initial velocity and product (NADH) inhibition analyses of homoserine oxidation indicated that StHSD first binds NAD and then homoserine through a sequentially ordered mechanism. This suggests that feedback inhibition of StHSD by cysteine occurs through the formation of an enzyme-NAD-cysteine complex. Structural analysis of StHSD complexed with cysteine and NAD revealed that cysteine situates within the homoserine binding site. The distance between the sulfur atom of cysteine and the C4 atom of the nicotinamide ring was approximately 1.9 Å, close enough to form a covalent bond. The UV absorption-difference spectrum of StHSD with and without cysteine in the presence of NAD, exhibited a peak at 325 nm, which also suggests formation of a covalent bond between cysteine and the nicotinamide ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Ogata
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yui Yajima
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1, Izumichou, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Sanenori Nakamura
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1, Izumichou, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kaneko
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Masaru Goto
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1, Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka, 535-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Yoshimune
- Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1, Izumichou, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan. .,Department of Applied Molecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, 1-2-1, Izumichou, Narashino, Chiba, 275-8575, Japan.
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12
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Croaker A, King GJ, Pyne JH, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, Liu L. Assessing the risk of epidemic dropsy from black salve use. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:1274-1281. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Croaker
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW Australia
- Wesley Medical Research Institute; Wesley Hospital; Auchenflower QLD Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network; Queensland Australia
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW Australia
| | - John H. Pyne
- School of Medicine; University of Queensland; St Lucia QLD Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- Quality Use of Medicines Network; Queensland Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Griffith University; Gold Coast Campus Gold Coast QLD Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Southern Cross Plant Science; Southern Cross University; Lismore NSW Australia
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